國科大ruby選課原型系統的環境搭建(Ubuntu 16.04)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-12
步驟：
1.檢視系統版本
[email protected]:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
2.更新軟體（可以避免以後遇到的一些問題）
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get update
3.安裝curl(如果沒安裝curl的話才安裝)
[email protected] 4.安裝rvm(curl是一種命令列工具，作用是發出網路請求，然後得到和提取資料，顯示在"標準輸出"（stdout）上面。使用-L引數，curl就會跳轉到新的網址。)
[email protected]:~$ curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 194 100 194 0 0 77 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 77 100 24361 100 24361 0 0 5050 0 0:00:04 0:00:04 --:--:-- 15321 Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.4.tar.gz
4.1如果公鑰報錯的話執行以下操作
[email protected]:~$ gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
[email protected]:~$
[email protected]:~$ curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
[email protected]:~$
[email protected]:~$ source ~/.bashrc #這兩個加入之後就能檢測到ruby和rails
5.使用RVM安裝RUBY
[email protected]:~$ echo "ruby_url=https://cache.ruby-china.org/pub/ruby" > ~/.rvm/user/db #輸出重定向到檔案，這個語句似乎並沒有用
[email protected]:~$ rvm list known
[email protected]:~$ rvm install "ruby-2.3.0"
6.安裝rails
[email protected]:~$ gem install rails -v 4.2.6
[email protected]:~$ rails -v
7.安裝git並下載原型系統
[email protected]:~/Desktop$ sudo apt install git
[email protected]:~/Desktop$ git clone https://github.com/PENGZhaoqing/CourseSelect
[email protected]:~/Desktop$ cd CourseSelect/
8.執行bundle install
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ bundle install#可能的報錯資訊參考本檔案上面部分
9.安裝postgresql和pgadmin3，並建立新使用者dbuser
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ sudo apt-get install postgresql
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ sudo adduser dbuser #新建一個Linux新使用者，可以取你想要的名字，這裡為dbuser。
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ sudo apt-get install pgadmin3
10.切換使用者並啟動postgres
[email protected]:~$ sudo su - postgres
[email protected]:~$ psql
11.建立使用者並設定密碼
postgres=# \password postgres
postgres=# CREATE USER dbuser WITH PASSWORD 'dbuser';
CREATE ROLE
12.新建資料庫並授權
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE dbuser OWNER dbuser;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE courseselect_development OWNER dbuser;
CREATE DATABASE
13.給資料庫授權（貌似沒用）
postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE dbuser to dbuser;
GRANT
postgres=# \q
14.切換使用者，並解決ruby -v失效問題
[email protected]:~$ su wsy
Password:
[email protected]:~$ cd ~/Desktop/CourseSelect/
[email protected]:~/Desktop$ source ~/.bashrc & source ~/.bash_profile
15.執行rake db:migrate和rake db:seed
[email protected]:/var/lib/postgresql$ cd ~/Desktop/CourseSelect/
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ rake db:migrate
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ rake db:seed
16.啟動rails server
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ rails s
問題彙總
su: Authentication failure解決：在ubuntu中，root賬戶預設不可用。使用這個獲得root:sudo -i- rake db:migrate報錯：
Ruby on Rails , No Rakefile found
解決： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18452701/ruby-on-rails-no-rakefile-found-error - postgresql相關知識：
- PostgreSQL新手入門：http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2013/12/getting_started_with_postgresql.html
- Ubuntu 安裝和配置postgresql:
https://blog.csdn.net/zpf336/article/details/ 50843674 - 修改PostgreSQL資料庫預設使用者postgres的密碼 http://www.cnblogs.com/kaituorensheng/p/4735191.html
- PostgreSQL忘記密碼 https://www.jianshu.com/p/1464f3b966e9
- 修改系統使用者postgres的密碼（區別於修改postgres裡的postgres使用者）：
1.使用sudo -i命令切換到root狀態
2.刪除postgres的密碼：passwd -d postgres
3.設定使用者postgres的新密碼：sudo -u postgres passwd然後輸入 兩次新密碼
4.現在可以試試su postgres了
- 切換使用者並啟動postgres(3種方法)
法1：
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ sudo su - postgres #然後，切換到postgres使用者。
[email protected]:/home/wsy/Desktop/CourseSelect$ psql #下一步，使用psql命令登入PostgreSQL控制檯。
法2：
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ sudo -u postgres psql
psql (9.5.14)
Type "help" for help.
法3：
[email protected]:/etc/postgresql/9.5/main$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -U postgres
- 修改PostgreSQL資料庫預設使用者postgres的密碼(兩種方法)
法1：
postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres'; #第一件事是使用\password命令，為postgres使用者設定一個密碼。（不要落下分號）
法2：
postgres=# \password postgres
Enter new password:
Enter it again:
ALTER ROLE
- 執行bundle install報錯：
報錯1: Could not fetch specs from https://gems.ruby-china.org/
詳細資訊：
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ bundle install
Fetching source index from https://gems.ruby-china.org/
Retrying fetcher due to error (2/4): Bundler::HTTPError Could not fetch specs from https://gems.ruby-china.org/
Retrying fetcher due to error (3/4): Bundler::HTTPError Could not fetch specs from https://gems.ruby-china.org/
Retrying fetcher due to error (4/4): Bundler::HTTPError Could not fetch specs from https://gems.ruby-china.org/
Could not fetch specs from https://gems.ruby-china.org/
解決思路： 將原來的https://gems.ruby-china.org/修改為https://gems.ruby-china.com/
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ gem sources -l #檢視修改後的配置
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ cd CourseSelect
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ vi Gemfile 然後將第一行改為：source 'https://gems.ruby-china.com'
報錯2： An error occurred while installing pg (0.18.4)
詳細資訊：
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /home/wsy/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/pg-0.18.4/ext
/home/wsy/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20181118-99965-1ksvqt7.rb extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no No pg_config... trying anyway. If building fails, please try again with
--with-pg-config=/path/to/pg_config
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
...
An error occurred while installing pg (0.18.4), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.18.4' --source 'https://gems.ruby-china.com/'` succeeds before bundling.
解決：
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ sudo apt-get install libpq-dev
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ gem install pg
[email protected]:~/Desktop/CourseSelect$ bundle install