CentOS 使用二進位制部署 Kubernetes 1.13.1叢集
元件版本 && 叢集環境
元件版本:
- Kubernetes 1.13.1
- Etcd 3.3.10
- Flanneld 0.10
部署節點:
ip | 主機名 |
---|---|
192.168.20.203 | master |
192.168.20.202 | host2 |
192.168.20.201 | host1 |
叢集環境變數:
# 建議使用未用的網段來定義服務網段和Pod 網段 # 服務網段(Service CIDR),部署前路由不可達,部署後集群內部使用IP:Port可達 SERVICE_CIDR="10.254.0.0/16" # Pod 網段(Cluster CIDR),部署前路由不可達,部署後路由可達(flanneld 保證) CLUSTER_CIDR="172.18.0.0/16" # kubernetes 服務IP(預先分配,一般為SERVICE_CIDR中的第一個IP) CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP="10.254.0.1" # 叢集 DNS 服務IP(從SERVICE_CIDR 中預先分配) CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP="10.254.0.2" # flanneld 網路配置字首 FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kubernetes/network"
初始化環境
1. 設定關閉防火牆及SELINUX
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
2. 關閉Swap
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0 vi /etc/fstab #UUID=7bff6243-324c-4587-b550-55dc34018ebf swap swap defaults 0 0
3. 設定系統引數 - 允許路由轉發,不對bridge的資料進行處理
cat << EOF | tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
4. 建立安裝目錄
mkdir /k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p mkdir /k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
5. 安裝 Docker
yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
6. ssh-key認證
ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id 192.168.20.201
ssh-copy-id 192.168.20.202
建立CA 證書和金鑰
kubernetes
系統各個元件需要使用TLS
證書對通訊進行加密,這裡我們使用CloudFlare
的PKI 工具集cfssl 來生成Certificate Authority(CA) 證書和金鑰檔案, CA 是自簽名的證書,用來簽名後續建立的其他TLS 證書。
1.安裝 CFSSL
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
2.建立CA
# cat ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
config.json
:可以定義多個profiles,分別指定不同的過期時間、使用場景等引數;後續在簽名證書時使用某個profile;signing
: 表示該證書可用於簽名其它證書;生成的ca.pem 證書中CA=TRUE;server auth
: 表示client 可以用該CA 對server 提供的證書進行校驗;client auth
: 表示server 可以用該CA 對client 提供的證書進行驗證。
修改CA 證書籤名請求:
# cat ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
CN: Common Name
,kube-apiserver 從證書中提取該欄位作為請求的使用者名稱(User
Name);瀏覽器使用該欄位驗證網站是否合法;O: Organization
,kube-apiserver 從證書中提取該欄位作為請求使用者所屬的組(Group);
生成CA 證書和私鑰:
# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
# ls ca*
# ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
3.分發證書:
將生成的CA 證書、金鑰檔案、配置檔案拷貝到所有機器的/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
目錄下:
cp ca* /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/* 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/* 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
部署高可用etcd 叢集
kubernetes系統使用etcd
儲存所有的資料,我們這裡部署3個節點的etcd叢集,這3個節點直接複用kubernetes 的3個節點,分別命名為etcd01
、etcd02
、etcd03
:
- 192.168.20.203 etcd01
- 192.168.20.202 etcd02
- 192.168.20.201 etcd03
1.解壓安裝檔案
下載地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/
cp etcd etcdctl /k8s/etcd/bin/
vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.20.203:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.20.203:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.20.203:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.20.203:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.20.203:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.20.202:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.20.201:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
2.建立TLS 金鑰和證書
為了保證通訊安全,客戶端(如etcdctl)與etcd 叢集、etcd 叢集之間的通訊需要使用TLS 加密。
建立etcd 證書籤名請求:
cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.20.203",
"192.168.20.202",
"192.168.20.201"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- hosts 欄位指定授權使用該證書的etcd節點IP
生成etcd證書和私鑰:
# cfssl gencert -ca=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
-config=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
# ls etcd*
etcd.csr etcd-csr.json etcd-key.pem etcd.pem
# cp etcd* /k8s/etcd/ssl/
3.建立 etcd的 systemd unit 檔案
vim /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/k8s/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--peer-key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- 為了保證通訊安全,需要指定etcd 的公私鑰(cert-file和key-file)、Peers通訊的公私鑰和CA 證書(peer-cert-file、peer-key-file、peer-trusted-ca-file)、客戶端的CA 證書(trusted-ca-file);
4.將啟動檔案、配置檔案拷貝到 節點1、節點2:
cd /k8s/
scp -r etcd/ 192.168.20.201:/k8s/
scp -r etcd/ 192.168.20.202:/k8s/
scp /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 192.168.20.201:/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
scp /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 192.168.20.202:/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
修改對應節點的cfg/etcd
檔案:
[[email protected] ~]# cat /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.20.201:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.20.201:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.20.201:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.20.201:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.20.203:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.20.202:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.20.201:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
[[email protected] ~]# cat /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.20.202:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.20.202:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.20.202:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.20.202:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.20.203:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.20.202:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.20.201:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
5.啟動etcd 服務
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd
6.驗證服務
部署完etcd 集群后,在任一etcd 節點上執行下面命令:
# /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379" \
cluster-health
輸出結果如下:
member 2e4d105025f61a1b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.20.202:2379
member 8ad9da8a203d86d8 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.20.203:2379
member c1b34b5ace31a23f is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.20.201:2379
cluster is healthy
可以看到上面的資訊3個節點上的etcd 均為healthy,則表示叢集服務正常。
部署Flannel 網路
kubernetes 要求叢集內各節點能通過Pod 網段互聯互通,下面我們來使用Flannel 在所有節點上建立互聯互通的Pod 網段的步驟。
1.建立TLS 金鑰和證書
etcd 叢集啟用了雙向TLS 認證,所以需要為flanneld 指定與etcd 叢集通訊的CA 和金鑰。
建立flanneld 證書籤名請求:
cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "flanneld",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
生成flanneld 證書和私鑰:
# cfssl gencert -ca=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
-config=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
# ls flanneld*
flanneld.csr flanneld-csr.json flanneld-key.pem flanneld.pem
# mkdir -p /k8s/flanneld/ssl
# cp flanneld*.pem /k8s/flanneld/ssl/
2.向etcd 寫入叢集Pod 網段資訊
該步驟只需在第一次部署Flannel 網路時執行,後續在其他節點上部署Flanneld 時無需再寫入該資訊
# /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints="https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379" \
--ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
set /kubernetes/network/config '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
輸出資訊:
{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
寫入的 Pod 網段(${CLUSTER_CIDR},172.18.0.0/16
)必須與kube-controller-manager
的 --cluster-cidr
選項值一致;
3.安裝和配置flanneld
下載地址:https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases
tar xf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /k8s/kubernetes/bin/
建立flanneld的systemd unit 檔案
# cat /lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
#EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
#ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --etcd-cafile=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem --etcd-keyfile=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem --etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379 --etcd-prefix=/kubernetes/network
ExecStartPost=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
mk-docker-opts.sh
指令碼將分配給flanneld 的Pod 子網網段資訊寫入到/run/flannel/docker 檔案中,後續docker 啟動時使用這個檔案中的引數值為 docker0 網橋- flanneld 使用系統預設路由所在的介面和其他節點通訊,對於有多個網路介面的機器(內網和公網),可以用
--iface
選項值指定通訊介面(上面的 systemd unit 檔案沒指定這個選項)
配置Docker啟動指定子網段
# cat /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
4.啟動flanneld
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl restart docker
5.檢查flanneld 服務,檢查分配給各flanneld 的Pod 網段資訊
ifconfig flannel.1
# 檢視叢集 Pod 網段(/16)
# /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints="https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379" \
--ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
get /kubernetes/network/config
{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
# 檢視已分配的 Pod 子網段列表(/24)
# /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints="https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379" \
--ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
ls /kubernetes/network/subnets
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.18.100.0-24
# 檢視某一 Pod 網段對應的 flanneld 程序監聽的 IP 和網路引數
# /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints="https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379" \
--ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
get /kubernetes/network/subnets/172.18.100.0-24
{"PublicIP":"192.168.20.203","BackendType":"vxlan","BackendData":{"VtepMAC":"4e:9b:aa:9a:ce:ac"}}
6.將配置檔案複製到其他節點
scp -r /k8s/kubernetes/bin/* 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp -r /k8s/kubernetes/bin/* 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp -r /k8s/flanneld/ssl/* 192.168.20.201:/k8s/flanneld/ssl/
scp -r /k8s/flanneld/ssl/* 192.168.20.202:/k8s/flanneld/ssl/
scp /lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 192.168.20.201:/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
scp /lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 192.168.20.202:/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
scp /lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.20.201:/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
scp /lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.20.202:/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
7.確保各節點間Pod 網段能互聯互通
在各個節點部署完Flanneld 後,檢視已分配的Pod 子網段列表:
# /k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--endpoints="https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379" \
--ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
ls /kubernetes/network/subnets
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.18.88.0-24
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.18.85.0-24
/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.18.100.0-24
部署master 節點
kubernetes master 節點包含的元件有:
- kube-apiserver
- kube-scheduler
- kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
和kube-controller-manager
可以以叢集模式執行,通過 leader 選舉產生一個工作程序,其它程序處於阻塞模式。
下載解壓二進位制檔案
# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.13.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cd kubernetes/server/bin/
# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /k8s/kubernetes/bin/
建立kubernetes 證書
建立kubernetes 證書籤名請求:
cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.20.203",
"k8s-api.virtual.local",
"10.254.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- 如果 hosts 欄位不為空則需要指定授權使用該證書的 IP 或域名列表,所以上面分別指定了當前部署的 master 節點主機 IP
以及apiserver 負載的內部域名 - 還需要新增 kube-apiserver 註冊的名為 kubernetes 的服務 IP (Service Cluster IP),一般是 kube-apiserver
--service-cluster-ip-range
選項值指定的網段的第一個IP,如 “10.254.0.1”
生成kubernetes 證書和私鑰:
# cfssl gencert -ca=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
# ls kub*
kubernetes.csr kubernetes-csr.json kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
# cp kubernetes*.pem /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
配置和啟動kube-apiserver
1.建立kube-apiserver 使用的客戶端token 檔案:
kubelet 首次啟動時向kube-apiserver 傳送TLS Bootstrapping
請求,kube-apiserver 驗證請求中的token 是否與它配置的token.csv 一致,如果一致則自動為kubelet 生成證書和金鑰。
TLS Bootstrapping 使用的Token,可以使用命令 head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
生成
# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
9d3d0413211c8d92ed1b33a913154ce5
# cat /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
9d3d0413211c8d92ed1b33a913154ce5,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
2.建立apiserver配置檔案
# cat /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.20.203:2379,https://192.168.20.202:2379,https://192.168.20.201:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.20.203 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.20.203 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem"
3.建立kube-apiserver 的systemd unit檔案
# cat /lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
4.啟動服務
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
配置和啟動kube-controller-manager
1.建立kube-controller-manager配置檔案
# cat /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/24 \
--cluster-cidr=172.18.0.0/16 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"
2.建立kube-controller-manager systemd unit 檔案
# cat /lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3.啟動服務
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
配置和啟動kube-scheduler
1.建立kube-scheduler配置檔案
# cat /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true"
2.建立kube-scheduler systemd unit 檔案
# cat /lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3.啟動服務
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service
systemctl restart kube-scheduler.service
systemctl status kube-scheduler.service
驗證master 節點
將可執行檔案新增到 PATH 變數中
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/" >>/etc/profile
# source /etc/profile
驗證:
# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
部署Node 節點
kubernetes Node 節點包含如下元件:
- kubelet
- kube-proxy
安裝和配置kubelet
kublet 啟動時自動向 kube-apiserver 註冊節點資訊,內建的 cadvisor 統計和監控節點的資源使用情況;
kubelet就是執行在Node節點上的,接收kube-apiserver傳送的請求,管理Pod容器,執行互動式命令,如exec、run、logs等;所以這一步安裝是在所有的Node節點上,如果你想把你的Master也當做Node節點的話,當然也可以在Master節點上安裝的。
kubelet 啟動時向kube-apiserver 傳送TLS bootstrapping 請求,需要先將bootstrap token 檔案中的kubelet-bootstrap
使用者賦予system:node-bootstrapper
角色,然後kubelet 才有許可權建立認證請求(certificatesigningrequests):
# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
將kubelet 二進位制檔案拷貝node節點
cp kubelet kube-proxy /k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
建立 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 檔案
# cat environment.sh
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=9d3d0413211c8d92ed1b33a913154ce5
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.20.203:6443"
# source environment.sh
# 設定叢集引數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設定客戶端認證引數
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設定上下文引數
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 設定預設上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
--embed-certs
為 true 時表示將 certificate-authority 證書寫入到生成的 bootstrap.kubeconfig 檔案中;- 設定 kubelet 客戶端認證引數時沒有指定祕鑰和證書,後續由 kube-apiserver 自動生成;
將bootstrap kubeconfig檔案拷貝到所有 nodes節點
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
建立kubelet 引數配置檔案拷貝到所有 nodes節點
建立 kubelet 引數配置模板檔案:
vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.20.203
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.254.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: true
建立kubelet配置檔案
vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.20.203 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
建立kubelet systemd unit 檔案
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
拷貝檔案:
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet* 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet* 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 192.168.20.201:/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
scp /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 192.168.20.202:/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
其他節點需要修改對應的address和hostname-override地址
啟動kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
通過kubelet 的TLS 證書請求
kubelet 首次啟動時向kube-apiserver 傳送證書籤名請求,必須通過後kubernetes 系統才會將該 Node 加入到叢集。
檢視未授權的CSR 請求:
# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-qvmCIp_hLDYhzVqHc3ZCOiN0VmE7wpeIR96ERSLEp6I 2m37s kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# kubectl get nodes
No resources found.
通過CSR 請求:
# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-qvmCIp_hLDYhzVqHc3ZCOiN0VmE7wpeIR96ERSLEp6I
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-qvmCIp_hLDYhzVqHc3ZCOiN0VmE7wpeIR96ERSLEp6I approved
# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-qvmCIp_hLDYhzVqHc3ZCOiN0VmE7wpeIR96ERSLEp6I 4m9s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.20.203 Ready <none> 13s v1.13.1
其餘兩臺節點啟動後通過csr請求:
# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-dSfuVez-9sY1oN2sxtzzCpv3x_cIHx5OpKbsKyxEqPo 3m22s kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-qvmCIp_hLDYhzVqHc3ZCOiN0VmE7wpeIR96ERSLEp6I 12m kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-s8N57qF1-1kzZi8ECVYBOvbX1Hdc7CA5oW0oVsbJa_U 3m35s kubelet-bootstrap Pending
# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-dSfuVez-9sY1oN2sxtzzCpv3x_cIHx5OpKbsKyxEqPo
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-dSfuVez-9sY1oN2sxtzzCpv3x_cIHx5OpKbsKyxEqPo approved
# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-s8N57qF1-1kzZi8ECVYBOvbX1Hdc7CA5oW0oVsbJa_U
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-s8N57qF1-1kzZi8ECVYBOvbX1Hdc7CA5oW0oVsbJa_U approved
# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-dSfuVez-9sY1oN2sxtzzCpv3x_cIHx5OpKbsKyxEqPo 4m40s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-qvmCIp_hLDYhzVqHc3ZCOiN0VmE7wpeIR96ERSLEp6I 14m kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-s8N57qF1-1kzZi8ECVYBOvbX1Hdc7CA5oW0oVsbJa_U 4m53s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.20.201 Ready <none> 9s v1.13.1
192.168.20.202 Ready <none> 22s v1.13.1
192.168.20.203 Ready <none> 10m v1.13.1
配置kube-proxy
kube-proxy 執行在所有 node節點上,它監聽 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的變化情況,建立路由規則來進行服務負載均衡。
建立kube-proxy 證書籤名請求:
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"L": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
- kube-apiserver 預定義的 RoleBinding
system:node-proxier
將Usersystem:kube-proxy
與 Rolesystem:node-proxier
繫結,該 Role 授予了呼叫 kube-apiserver Proxy 相關 API 的許可權
生成kube-proxy 客戶端證書和私鑰
# cfssl gencert -ca=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
-config=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
# ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy-csr.json kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
# cp kube-proxy*.pem /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
# scp kube-proxy*.pem 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
# scp kube-proxy*.pem 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
建立kube-proxy kubeconfig 檔案
# 設定叢集引數
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 設定客戶端認證引數
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 設定上下文引數
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 設定預設上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 將kube-proxy kubeconfig檔案拷貝到所有 nodes節點
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
建立 kube-proxy 配置檔案
# cat /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.20.203 \
--cluster-cidr=10.254.0.0/16 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
--cluster-cidr
必須與 kube-apiserver 的--service-cluster-ip-range
選項值一致
建立kube-proxy systemd unit 檔案
# cat /lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
啟動服務
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy
啟動其餘兩臺節點服務:
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy 192.168.20.201:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy 192.168.20.202:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 192.168.20.201:/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
scp /lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 192.168.20.202:/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
修改對應節點的hostname-override地址
叢集狀態
打node 或者master 節點的標籤
kubectl label node 192.168.20.203 node-role.kubernetes.io/master='master'
kubectl label node 192.168.20.202 node-role.kubernetes.io/node='node'
kubectl label node 192.168.20.201 node-role.kubernetes.io/node='node'
檢視叢集狀態:
# kubectl get node,cs
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
node/192.168.20.201 Ready node 42m v1.13.1
node/192.168.20.202 Ready node 42m v1.13.1
node/192.168.20.203 Ready master 52m v1.13.1
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
componentstatus/scheduler Healthy ok
componentstatus/controller-manager Healthy ok
componentstatus/etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
componentstatus/etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
componentstatus/etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
參考連結
https://www.qikqiak.com/post/manual-install-high-available-kubernetes-cluster/
https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/4963.html