這一章節將通過完善Controller、View、ViewModel，來實現展現層的增刪改查。最終實現效果如下圖：

一、定義Controller

ABP對ASP.NET MVC Controllers進行了整合，通過引入Abp.Web.Mvc名稱空間，建立Controller繼承自AbpController， 我們即可使用ABP附加給我們的以下強大功能：

• 本地化
• 異常處理
• 對返回的JsonResult進行包裝
• 審計日誌
• 許可權認證（[AbpMvcAuthorize]特性）
• 工作單元（預設未開啟，通過新增[UnitOfWork]開啟）

1，建立TasksController繼承自AbpController

通過建構函式注入對應用服務的依賴。

[AbpMvcAuthorize]
    public class TasksController : AbpController
    {
        private readonly ITaskAppService _taskAppService;
        private readonly IUserAppService _userAppService;

        public TasksController(ITaskAppService taskAppService, IUserAppService userAppService)
        {
            _taskAppService = taskAppService;
            _userAppService = userAppService;
        }
}
 

二、建立列表展示分部檢視（_List.cshtml）

在分部檢視中，我們通過迴圈遍歷，輸出任務清單。

@model IEnumerable<LearningMpaAbp.Tasks.Dtos.TaskDto>
<div>
    <ul class="list-group">
        @foreach (var task in Model)
        {
            <li class="list-group-item">
                <div class="btn-group pull-right">
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info" onclick="editTask(@task.Id);">Edit</button>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-success" onclick="deleteTask(@task.Id);">Delete</button>
                </div>

                <div class="media">
                    <a class="media-left" href="#">
                        <i class="fa @task.GetTaskLable() fa-3x"></i>
                    </a>
                    <div class="media-body">
                        <h4 class="media-heading">@task.Title</h4>
                        <p class="text-info">@task.AssignedPersonName</p>
                        <span class="text-muted">@task.CreationTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")</span>
                    </div>
                </div>

            </li>
        }
    </ul>
</div>
 

三，建立新增分部檢視（_CreateTask.cshtml）

為了好的使用者體驗，我們採用非同步載入的方式來實現任務的建立。

1，引入js檔案

使用非同步提交需要引入jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js和jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js，其中jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js，需要通過Nuget安裝微軟的Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusive.Ajax包獲取。
然後通過捆綁一同引入到檢視中。開啟App_Start資料夾下的BundleConfig.cs，新增以下程式碼：

 bundles.Add(
     new ScriptBundle("~/Bundles/unobtrusive/js")
         .Include(
             "~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js",
             "~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js"
             )
     );

找到Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml，新增對捆綁的js引用。

@Scripts.Render("~/Bundles/vendor/js/bottom")
@Scripts.Render("~/Bundles/js")
//在此處新增下面一行程式碼
@Scripts.Render("~/Bundles/unobtrusive/js")

2，建立分部檢視

該Partial View繫結CreateTaskInput模型。最終_CreateTask.cshtml程式碼如下：

@model LearningMpaAbp.Tasks.Dtos.CreateTaskInput

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
}
<div class="modal fade" id="add" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="createTask" data-backdrop="static">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Create Task</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body" id="modalContent">

                @using (Ajax.BeginForm("Create", "Tasks", new AjaxOptions()
                {
                    UpdateTargetId = "taskList",
                    InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace,
                    OnBegin = "beginPost('#add')",
                    OnSuccess = "hideForm('#add')",
                    OnFailure = "errorPost(xhr, status, error,'#add')"
                }))
                {
                    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
                    <div class="form-horizontal">
                        <h4>Task</h4>
                        <hr />
                        @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "AssignedPersonId", htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.DropDownList("AssignedPersonId", null, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Description, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Description, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Description, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EnumDropDownListFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.State, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Create</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                }
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

對應Controller程式碼：

[ChildActionOnly]
public PartialViewResult Create()
{
    var userList = _userAppService.GetUsers();
    ViewBag.AssignedPersonId = new SelectList(userList.Items, "Id", "Name");
    return PartialView("_CreateTask");
}

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Create(CreateTaskInput task)
{
    var id = _taskAppService.CreateTask(task);

    var input = new GetTasksInput();
    var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);

    return PartialView("_List", output.Tasks);
}

四、建立更新分部檢視（_EditTask.cshtml）

同樣，該檢視也採用非同步更新方式，也採用Bootstrap-Modal，Ajax.BeginForm()技術。該Partial View繫結UpdateTaskInput模型。

@model LearningMpaAbp.Tasks.Dtos.UpdateTaskInput
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
}

<div class="modal fade" id="editTask" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="editTask" data-backdrop="static">

    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Edit Task</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body" id="modalContent">

                @using (Ajax.BeginForm("Edit", "Tasks", new AjaxOptions()
                {
                    UpdateTargetId = "taskList",
                    InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace,
                    OnBegin = "beginPost('#editTask')",
                    OnSuccess = "hideForm('#editTask')"
                }))
                {
                    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()

                    <div class="form-horizontal">
                        <h4>Task</h4>
                        <hr />
                        @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)

                        <div class="form-group">
                                @Html.LabelFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "AssignedPersonId", htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                                <div class="col-md-10">
                                    @Html.DropDownList("AssignedPersonId", null, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                    @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                                </div>
                            </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Description, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Description, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Description, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EnumDropDownListFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.State, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                                <input type="submit" value="Save" class="btn btn-default" />
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                }

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
    //該段程式碼十分重要，確保非同步呼叫後jquery能正確執行驗證邏輯
    $(function () {
        //allow validation framework to parse DOM
        $.validator.unobtrusive.parse('form');
    });
</script>

後臺程式碼：

public PartialViewResult Edit(int id)
{
    var task = _taskAppService.GetTaskById(id);

    var updateTaskDto = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map<UpdateTaskInput>(task);

    var userList = _userAppService.GetUsers();
    ViewBag.AssignedPersonId = new SelectList(userList.Items, "Id", "Name", updateTaskDto.AssignedPersonId);

    return PartialView("_EditTask", updateTaskDto);
}

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Edit(UpdateTaskInput updateTaskDto)
{
    _taskAppService.UpdateTask(updateTaskDto);

    var input = new GetTasksInput();
    var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);

    return PartialView("_List", output.Tasks);
}

五，建立Index檢視

在首頁中，我們一般會用來展示列表，並通過彈出模態框的方式來進行新增更新刪除。為了使用ASP.NET MVC強檢視帶給我們的好處（模型繫結、輸入校驗等等），我們需要建立一個ViewModel來進行模型繫結。因為Abp提倡為每個不同的應用服務提供不同的Dto進行資料互動，新增對應CreateTaskInput，更新對應UpdateTaskInput，展示對應TaskDto。那我們建立的ViewModel就需要包含這幾個模型，方可在一個檢視中完成多個模型的繫結。

1，建立檢視模型（IndexViewModel）

namespace LearningMpaAbp.Web.Models.Tasks
{
    public class IndexViewModel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用來進行繫結列表過濾狀態
        /// </summary>
        public TaskState? SelectedTaskState { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列表展示
        /// </summary>
        public IReadOnlyList<TaskDto> Tasks { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 建立任務模型
        /// </summary>
        public CreateTaskInput CreateTaskInput { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新任務模型
        /// </summary>
        public UpdateTaskInput UpdateTaskInput { get; set; }

        public IndexViewModel(IReadOnlyList<TaskDto> items)
        {
            Tasks = items;
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 用於過濾下拉框的繫結
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>

        public List<SelectListItem> GetTaskStateSelectListItems()
        {
            var list=new List<SelectListItem>()
            {
                new SelectListItem()
                {
                    Text = "AllTasks",
                    Value = "",
                    Selected = SelectedTaskState==null
                }
            };

            list.AddRange(Enum.GetValues(typeof(TaskState))
                .Cast<TaskState>()
                .Select(state=>new SelectListItem()
                {
                    Text = $"TaskState_{state}",
                    Value = state.ToString(),
                    Selected = state==SelectedTaskState
                })
            );
            return list;
        }
    }
}

2，建立檢視

Index檢視，通過載入Partial View的形式，將列表、新增檢視一次性載入進來。

@using Abp.Web.Mvc.Extensions
@model LearningMpaAbp.Web.Models.Tasks.IndexViewModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = L("TaskList");
    ViewBag.ActiveMenu = "TaskList"; //Matches with the menu name in SimpleTaskAppNavigationProvider to highlight the menu item
}
@section scripts{
    @Html.IncludeScript("~/Views/Tasks/index.js");
}
<h2>
    @L("TaskList")

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#add">Create Task</button>

    <a class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" href="@Url.Action("RemoteCreate")" data-target="#modal" role="button">（Create Task）使用Remote方式呼叫Modal進行展現</a>

    <!--任務清單按照狀態過濾的下拉框-->
    <span class="pull-right">
        @Html.DropDownListFor(
            model => model.SelectedTaskState,
            Model.GetTaskStateSelectListItems(),
            new
            {
                @class = "form-control select2",
                id = "TaskStateCombobox"
            })
    </span>
</h2>

<!--任務清單展示-->
<div class="row" id="taskList">
    @{ Html.RenderPartial("_List", Model.Tasks); }
</div>

<!--通過初始載入頁面的時候提前將建立任務模態框載入進來-->
@Html.Action("Create")

<!--編輯任務模態框通過ajax動態填充到此div中-->
<div id="edit">

</div>

<!--Remote方式彈出建立任務模態框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="createTask" data-backdrop="static">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

3，Remote方式建立任務講解

Remote方式就是，點選按鈕的時候去載入建立任務的PartialView到指定的div中。而我們程式碼中另一種方式是通過@Html.Action("Create")的方式，在載入Index的檢視的作為子檢視同步載入了進來。
感興趣的同學自行檢視原始碼，不再講解。

<a class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" href="@Url.Action("RemoteCreate")" data-target="#modal" role="button">（Create Task）使用Remote方式呼叫Modal進行展現</a>

<!--Remote方式彈出建立任務模態框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="createTask" data-backdrop="static">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

4，後臺程式碼

        public ActionResult Index(GetTasksInput input)
        {
            var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);

            var model = new IndexViewModel(output.Tasks)
            {
                SelectedTaskState = input.State

            };
            return View(model);
        }

5，js程式碼（index.js）

var taskService = abp.services.app.task;

(function ($) {

    $(function () {

        var $taskStateCombobox = $('#TaskStateCombobox');

        $taskStateCombobox.change(function () {
            getTaskList();
        });

        var $modal = $(".modal");
        //顯示modal時，游標顯示在第一個輸入框
        $modal.on('shown.bs.modal',
            function () {
                $modal.find('input:not([type=hidden]):first').focus();
            });

    });
})(jQuery);

//非同步開始提交時，顯示遮罩層
function beginPost(modalId) {
    var $modal = $(modalId);

    abp.ui.setBusy($modal);
}

//非同步開始提交結束後，隱藏遮罩層並清空Form
function hideForm(modalId) {
    var $modal = $(modalId);

    var $form = $modal.find("form");
    abp.ui.clearBusy($modal);
    $modal.modal("hide");
    //建立成功後，要清空form表單
    $form[0].reset();
}

//處理非同步提交異常
function errorPost(xhr, status, error, modalId) {
    if (error.length>0) {
        abp.notify.error('Something is going wrong, please retry again later!');
        var $modal = $(modalId);
        abp.ui.clearBusy($modal);
    }
}

function editTask(id) {
    abp.ajax({
        url: "/tasks/edit",
        data: { "id": id },
        type: "GET",
        dataType: "html"
    })
        .done(function (data) {
            $("#edit").html(data);
            $("#editTask").modal("show");
        })
        .fail(function (data) {
            abp.notify.error('Something is wrong!');
        });
}

function deleteTask(id) {
    abp.message.confirm(
        "是否刪除Id為" + id + "的任務資訊",
        function (isConfirmed) {
            if (isConfirmed) {
                taskService.deleteTask(id)
                    .done(function () {
                        abp.notify.info("刪除任務成功！");
                        getTaskList();
                    });
            }
        }
    );

}

function getTaskList() {
    var $taskStateCombobox = $('#TaskStateCombobox');
    var url = '/Tasks/GetList?state=' + $taskStateCombobox.val();
    abp.ajax({
        url: url,
        type: "GET",
        dataType: "html"
    })
        .done(function (data) {
            $("#taskList").html(data);
        });
}

js程式碼中處理了Ajax回撥函式，以及任務狀態過濾下拉框更新事件，編輯、刪除任務程式碼。其中getTaskList()函式是用來非同步屬性列表，對應呼叫的GetList()Action的後臺程式碼如下：

public PartialViewResult GetList(GetTasksInput input)
{
    var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);
    return PartialView("_List", output.Tasks);
}

六、總結

至此，完成了任務的增刪改查。展現層主要用到了Asp.net mvc的強型別檢視、Bootstrap-Modal、Ajax非同步提交技術。
其中需要注意的是，在非同步載入表單時，需要新增以下js程式碼，jquery方能進行前端驗證。

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        //allow validation framework to parse DOM
        $.validator.unobtrusive.parse('form');
    });
</script>