[No000013F]WPF學習之X名稱空間詳解
X名稱空間裏面的成員(如X:Name,X:Class)都是寫給XAML編譯器看的、用來引導XAML代碼將XAML代碼編譯為CLR代碼。
4.1X名稱空間裏面到底都有些什麽?
x名稱空間映射的是:http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml,望文生義,它包含的類均與解析XAML語言相關,所以亦稱之為“XAML名稱空間”。
與C#語言一樣,XAML也有自己的編譯器。XAML語言被解析並編譯,最終形成微軟中間語言保存在程序集中。在解析和編譯XAML的過程中,我們經常要告訴編譯器一些重要的信息,如XAML編譯的結果應該和哪個C#代碼編譯的結果合並、使用XAML聲明的元素是public還是private訪問級別等等。這些讓程序員能夠與XAML編譯器溝通的工具就存在X:名稱空間中。
我們註意到,它分為Attribute、標簽擴展、XAML指令元素三個種類。下面我們講講它們的具體用法:
4.2 X名稱空間中的Attribute
前面我們已經講過,Attribute和Property是兩個層面上的東西,Attribute是語言層面上的東西,是給編譯器看的,Property是面向對象層面上的東西,是給編程邏輯看。而且一個標簽中的Attribute大部分對應對象的Property。在使用XAML編程的時候,如果你想給它加一點特殊的標記來改變XAML對它的解析,這時候就需要額外的給它添加一些Attribute了。比如,你想告訴XAML編譯器將哪個編譯結果和那個C#編譯的類合並,這時候就必須為這個標簽添加X:Class Attribute來告訴編譯器。X:Class並不是對象成員,而是重X空間硬貼上去的。讓我們瀏覽一下常用的Attribute。
4.2.1 x:Class
這個Attribute是告訴XAML編譯器將XAML編譯器編譯的結果和後臺編譯結果的哪一個類進行合並,使用x:Class有以下幾點要求:
- 這個Attribute只能用於根節點。
- 使用x:Class的根節點的類型要與x:Class的值所指示的一致。
- x:Class的值所指示的類型在聲明的時候必須使用partial關鍵字。
- x:Class已經在剖析最簡單的XAML的時候已經講過,在這就不多講了。
4.2.2 X:ClassModiffier
這段代碼是告訴XAML編譯器有標簽編譯成的類具有什麽樣的訪問級別。
使用這個Attribute的時候需要註意的是:
- 標簽必須具有x:Class Attribute。
- X:ClassModiffier的值必須與X:Class所指定類的訪問權限一致。
- X:ClassModiffier的值隨後臺代碼編譯語言的不同而有所不同。
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.Window5"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- Title="Window5" Height="300" Width="300">
- <Grid>
- <StackPanel Height="218" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="19,31,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="237">
- <TextBox Height="23" Width="120" />
- <Button Content="Button" Height="23" Width="75" />
- </StackPanel>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
- private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
- {
- StackPanel panel = this.Content as StackPanel;
- TextBox textBox = panel.Children[0] as TextBox;
- if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(textBox.Name))
- {
- textBox.Text = textBox.Text;
- }
- else
- {
- textBox.Text = "NULL";
- }
- }
- <StackPanel Height="218" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="19,31,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="237">
- <TextBox Height="23" Width="120" x:Name="txtName" x:FieldModifier="internal"/>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="23" Width="75" Click="Button_Click" x:Name="btntest" x:FieldModifier="public"/>
- </StackPanel>
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.Window4"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
- xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication2"
- Title="Window4" Height="369" Width="675">
- <Window.Resources>
- <local:Human x:Key="human" Child="ABC"></local:Human>
- <sys:String x:Key="myString">測試</sys:String>
- <Style x:Key="{x:Type Button}" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
- <Setter Property="Width" Value="30"></Setter>
- <Setter Property="Background" Value="black"></Setter>
- </Style>
- </Window.Resources>
- <Grid>
- <Label Content="{ StaticResource ResourceKey=myString}" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="177,81,0,0" Name="label1" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
- </Grid>
- </Window>
- string str = this.FindResource("myString") as string;
- this.label1.Content = str;
- <UserControl x:Class="WpfApplication2.UserControl1"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
- xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
- mc:Ignorable="d"
- d:DesignHeight="52" d:DesignWidth="128">
- <Grid>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="30" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,10,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="106" Click="button1_Click" />
- </Grid>
- </UserControl>
- /// <summary>
- /// UserControl1.xaml 的交互邏輯
- /// </summary>
- public partial class UserControl1 : UserControl
- {
- public UserControl1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- public Type MyWindowType { get; set; }
- private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
- {
- Window myWin = Activator.CreateInstance(this.MyWindowType) as Window;
- if(myWin!=)
- {
- myWin.Show();
- }
- }
- }
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.Window4"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
- xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication2"
- Title="Window4" Height="369" Width="675">
- <Window.Resources>
- <local:Human x:Key="human" Child="ABC"></local:Human>
- <sys:String x:Key="myString">測試</sys:String>
- <Style x:Key="{x:Type Button}" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
- <Setter Property="Width" Value="30"></Setter>
- <Setter Property="Background" Value="black"></Setter>
- </Style>
- </Window.Resources>
- <Grid>
- <local:UserControl1 HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="292,244,0,0" x:Name="userControl11" VerticalAlignment="Top" MyWindowType="{x:Type TypeName=local:Window1}"/>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
- UserWindowType="{x:Type local:Window1}"
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.Window4"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
- xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication2"
- Title="Window4" Height="369" Width="675">
- <Window.Resources>
- <Style x:Key="{x:Type Button}" TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
- <Setter Property="Width" Value="30"></Setter>
- <Setter Property="Background" Value="black"></Setter>
- </Style>
- </Window.Resources>
- <Grid>
- <Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="180,256,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="button1_Click" />
- <Label Content="{ StaticResource ResourceKey=myString}" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="177,81,0,0" Name="label1" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
- <Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,10,0,0" Name="button2" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
- <Button Content="{x:Static local:Window4.Test}" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="128,12,0,0" Name="button3" VerticalAlignment="Top" Style="{x:Null}"/>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.Window4"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
- xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication2"
- Title="Window4" Height="369" Width="675">
- <Grid>
- <ListBox Height="100" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="435,110,0,0" Name="listBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="176">
- <ListBox.ItemsSource>
- <x:Array Type="sys:String">
- <sys:String>Jim</sys:String>
- <sys:String>Darren</sys:String>
- <sys:String>Frank</sys:String>
- </x:Array>
- </ListBox.ItemsSource>
- </ListBox>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
- public Window4()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- //SolidColorBrush brush = new SolidColorBrush();
- //brush.Color = Colors.Blue;
- //this.rectangle1.Fill = brush;
- }
- public static string Test = "明月松間照,清泉石上流。";
- <Window x:Class="WpfApplication2.Window4"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
- xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication2"
- Title="Window4" Height="369" Width="675">
- <Grid>
- <Button Content="{x:Static local:Window4.Test}" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="128,12,0,0" Name="button3" VerticalAlignment="Top" Style="{x:Null}"/>
- </Grid>
- </Window>
XAML指令元素只有兩個:
- x:Code
- x:XData
[No000013F]WPF學習之X名稱空間詳解