C語言函式用法大全

阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-21

轉自:http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=P93oEpEQx6B_KtTPp6EKZQSayhVLJrNrprvhxLlo4dc3XONd3F8TSUMrpXn-4nhuJWex9mf1Q8n9hC8pwa25VcMyUoWuHiPsLF9F2Xw8G2C

另有完整版全函式用法:http://wenku.baidu.com/view/1b456ce29b89680203d825e4.html

函式名: stpcpy
功能: 拷貝一個字串到另一個
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char*source);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

   stpcpy(string, str1);
   printf("%s\n", string);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strcat
功能: 字串拼接函式
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char*source);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char destination[25];
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++",*Borland = "Borland";

   strcpy(destination, Borland);
   strcat(destination, blank);
   strcat(destination, c);

printf("%s\n", destination);
return 0;
}

函式名: strchr
功能: 在一個串中查詢給定字元的第一個匹配之處\
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r';

    strcpy(string, "This is a string");
    ptr = strchr(string, c);
    if (ptr)
       printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n",c, ptr-string);
    else
       printf("The character was not found\n");
    return 0;
}

函式名: strcmp
功能: 串比較
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic碼，str1>str2，返回值 > 0；兩串相等，返回0
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb",*buf3 = "ccc";
int ptr;

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
    if (ptr > 0)
       printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
    else
       printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

    ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
    if (ptr > 0)
       printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
    else
       printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strncmpi
功能: 將一個串中的一部分與另一個串比較, 不管大小寫
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2,unsigned maxlen);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;

ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strcpy
功能: 串拷貝
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

    strcpy(string, str1);
    printf("%s\n", string);
    return 0;
}

函式名: strcspn
功能: 在串中查詢第一個給定字符集內容的段
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)
{
    char *string1 = "1234567890";
    char *string2 = "747DC8";
    int length;

length = strcspn(string1, string2);
printf("Character where strings intersect is atposition %d\n", length);

return 0;
}

函式名: strdup
功能: 將串拷貝到新建的位置處
用法: char *strdup(char *str);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)
{
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";

    dup_str = strdup(string);
    printf("%s\n", dup_str);
    free(dup_str);

return 0;
}

函式名: stricmp
功能: 以大小寫不敏感方式比較兩個串
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;

ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strerror
功能: 返回指向錯誤資訊字串的指標
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *buffer;
   buffer = strerror(errno);
   printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strcmpi
功能: 將一個串與另一個比較, 不管大小寫
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;

ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strncmp
功能: 串比較
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, intmaxlen);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 ="bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
int ptr;

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
   if (ptr > 0)
      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
   else
      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

   ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
   if (ptr > 0)
      printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
   else
      printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");

return(0);
}

函式名: strncmpi
功能: 把串中的一部分與另一串中的一部分比較, 不管大小寫
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 ="bbbccc";
int ptr;

ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strncpy
功能: 串拷貝
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char*source, int maxlen);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

   strncpy(string, str1, 3);
   string[3] = '\0';
   printf("%s\n", string);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strnicmp
功能: 不注重大小寫地比較兩個串
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2,unsigned maxlen);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 ="bbbccc";
int ptr;

ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);

if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");

if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strnset
功能: 將一個串中的所有字元都設為指定字元
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch,unsigned n);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char letter = 'x';

   printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
   strnset(string, letter, 13);
   printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);

return 0;
}

函式名: strpbrk
功能: 在串中查詢給定字符集中的字元
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
   char *string2 = "onm";
   char *ptr;

ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);

   if (ptr)
      printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n",*ptr);
   else
      printf("strpbrk didn't find character inset\n");

return 0;
}

函式名: strrchr
功能: 在串中查詢指定字元的最後一個出現
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r';

   strcpy(string, "This is a string");
   ptr = strrchr(string, c);
   if (ptr)
      printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n",c, ptr-string);
   else
      printf("The character was not found\n");
   return 0;
}

函式名: strrev
功能: 串倒轉
用法: char *strrev(char *str);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *forward = "string";

   printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
   strrev(forward);
   printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strset
功能: 將一個串中的所有字元都設為指定字元
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char string[10] = "123456789";
char symbol = 'c';

   printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
   strset(string, symbol);
   printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strspn
功能: 在串中查詢指定字符集的子集的第一次出現
用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)
{
   char *string1 = "1234567890";
   char *string2 = "123DC8";
   int length;

   length = strspn(string1, string2);
   printf("Character where strings differ is at position%d\n", length);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strstr
功能: 在串中查詢指定字串的第一次出現
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 ="nation", *ptr;

   ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
   printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strtod
功能: 將字串轉換為double型值
用法: double strtod(char *str, char**endptr);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
char input[80], *endptr;
double value;

   printf("Enter a floating point number:");
   gets(input);
   value = strtod(input, &endptr);
   printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n",input, value);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strtok
功能: 查詢由在第二個串中指定的分界符分隔開的單詞
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
程式例:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char input[16] = "abc,d";
char *p;

   /* strtok places a NULL terminator
   in front of the token, if found */
   p = strtok(input, ",");
   if (p)   printf("%s\n", p);

   /* A second call to strtok using a NULL
   as the first parameter returns a pointer
   to the character following the token */
   p = strtok(NULL, ",");
   if (p)   printf("%s\n", p);
   return 0;
}

函式名: strtol
功能: 將串轉換為長整數
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, intbase);
程式例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
long lnumber;

   /* strtol converts string to long integer */
   lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
   printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);

return 0;
}

函式名: strupr
功能: 將串中的小寫字母轉換為大寫字母
用法: char *strupr(char *str);
程式例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",*ptr;

   /* converts string to upper case characters */
   ptr = strupr(string);
   printf("%s\n", ptr);
   return 0;
}

函式名: swab
功能: 交換位元組
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, intnbytes);
程式例:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
char target[15];

int main(void)
{
   swab(source,target, strlen(source));
   printf("Thisis target: %s\n", target);
   return 0;
}

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