下面我們來看一下，Oracle 12c 如何的來手工建立cdb的資料庫

與10G，11G一樣，建立資料庫的基本的流程是一樣的

1. 手工建立密碼檔案

2. 建立伺服器引數檔案spfile

3. startup nomount

4. 使用create database的語句才建立我們的資料庫

5. 執行後續的指令碼

下面我們來一步一的分析下每一步的操作

先看看密碼檔案建立，還是與10g，11g相同

orapwd file=orapwenmo password=oracle entries=10

下面我們來建立spfile檔案，在12c資料庫中，也是提供了一個init.ora的檔案的，但是這個init.ora的檔案還是11g的，所以我們需要對這個初始化引數進行一下修改。

cat init.ora |grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ >>initenmo.ora
 

原來的引數

db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300 
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0'
 

修改以後的引數

*.audit_file_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/enmo/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='enmo'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
*.diagnostic_dest='$ORACLE_BASE'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=TRUE
*.memory_target=1G
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
 

我們這兒需要刪除掉compatible 引數以及 把enable_pluggable_database設定為true，這樣我們才能夠建立cdb

下一步，我們需要手動編寫建立cdb的指令碼，

CREATE DATABASE newcdb
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/logs/my/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo01b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 2 ('/u01/logs/my/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo02b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 3 ('/u01/logs/my/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo03b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  MAXDATAFILES 1024
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/system01.dbf'
    SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/sysaux01.dbf'
    SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/deftbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
     TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/undotbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
    SEED
    FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/newcdb/', 
                         '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/')
    SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
  USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
    DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
    SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

我們修改成

CREATE DATABASE enmo
  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo01b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo02b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
          GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/redo03b.log') 
             SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  MAXDATAFILES 1024
  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
  DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/system01.dbf'
    SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/sysaux01.dbf'
    SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/deftbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
     TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/temp01.dbf'
     SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/undotbs01.dbf'
     SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
    SEED
    FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmo/', 
                         '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/')
    SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
  USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
    DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
    SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

最後我們執行指令碼

@?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql

在這行這個指令碼的時候，我們可能會遇到錯誤

Can't locate Term/ReadKey.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 . /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/) at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pm line 189.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pm line 189.
Compilation failed in require at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl line 94.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl line 94.

這個是perl的包沒有安裝，我們直接通過yum源安裝perl組建，就可以順利的完成安裝的工作了。