Python爬蟲之自動登入與驗證碼識別
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-27
轉自:http://blog.csdn.net/tobacco5648/article/details/50640691
在用爬蟲爬取網站資料時,有些站點的一些關鍵資料的獲取需要使用賬號登入,這裡可以使用requests傳送登入請求,並用Session物件來自動處理相關Cookie。
另外在登入時,有些網站有時會要求輸入驗證碼,比較簡單的驗證碼可以直接用pytesser來識別,複雜的驗證碼可以依據相應的特徵自己採集資料訓練分類器。
以CSDN網站的登入為例,這裡用Python的requests庫與pytesser庫寫了一個登入函式。如果需要輸入驗證碼,函式會首先下載驗證碼到本地,然後用pytesser識別驗證碼後登入,對於CSDN登入驗證碼,pytesser的識別率很高。
其中的pytesser的下載地址為: pytesser下載
具體程式碼如下:
#coding:utf-8 import sys import time import urllib import shutil import pytesser import requests from lxml import etree config = {'gid': 1} def parse(s, html, idx): result = {} tree = etree.HTML(html) try: result['lt'] = tree.xpath('//input[@name="lt"]/@value')[0] result['execution'] = tree.xpath('//input[@name="execution"]/@value')[0] result['path'] = tree.xpath('//form[@id="fm1"]/@action')[0] except IndexError, e: return None valimg = None valimgs = tree.xpath('//img[@id="yanzheng"]/@src') if len(valimgs) > 0: valimg = valimgs[0] validateCode = None if valimg: fname = 'img/' + str(idx) + '_' + str(config['gid']) + '.jpg' config['gid'] = config['gid'] + 1 ri = s.get("https://passport.csdn.net" + valimg) with open(fname, 'wb') as f: for chk in ri: f.write(chk) f.close() validateCode = pytesser.image_file_to_string(fname) validateCode = validateCode.strip() validateCode = validateCode.replace(' ', '') validateCode = validateCode.replace('\n', '') result['validateCode'] = validateCode return result def login(usr, pwd, idx): s = requests.Session() r = s.get('https://passport.csdn.net/account/login', headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/41.0', 'Host': 'passport.csdn.net', }) while True: res = parse(s, r.text, idx) if res == None: return False url = 'https://passport.csdn.net' + res['path'] form = {'username': usr, 'password':pwd, '_eventId':'submit', 'execution':res['execution'], 'lt':res['lt'],} if res.has_key('validateCode'): form['validateCode'] = res['validateCode'] s.headers.update({ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/41.0', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'Host': 'passport.csdn.net', 'Origin': 'https://passport.csdn.net', 'Referer': 'https://passport.csdn.net/account/login', 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': 1, }) r = s.post(url, data=form) tree = etree.HTML(r.text) err_strs = tree.xpath('//span[@id="error-message"]/text()') if len(err_strs) == 0: return True err_str = err_strs[0] print err_str err = err_str.encode('utf8') validate_code_err = '驗證碼錯誤' usr_pass_err = '帳戶名或登入密碼不正確,請重新輸入' try_later_err = '登入失敗連續超過5次,請10分鐘後再試' if err[:5] == validate_code_err[:5]: pass elif err[:5] == usr_pass_err[:5]: return False elif err[:5] == try_later_err[:5]: return False else: return True if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], 0)