HttpClient用法--這一篇全瞭解(內含例子)
HttpClient相比傳統JDK自帶的URLConnection,增加了易用性和靈活性,它不僅使客戶端傳送Http請求變得容易,而且也方便開發人員測試介面(基於Http協議的),提高了開發的效率,也方便提高程式碼的健壯性。因此熟練掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修內容,掌握HttpClient後,相信對於Http協議的瞭解會更加深入。
org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient與org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的區別
Commons的HttpClient專案現在是生命的盡頭,不再被開發, 已被Apache HttpComponents專案HttpClient和HttpCore 模組取代,提供更好的效能和更大的靈活性。
一、簡介
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子專案,用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支援HTTP協議的客戶端程式設計工具包,並且它支援HTTP協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient已經應用在很多的專案中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外兩個開源專案Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
二、特性
1. 基於標準、純淨的java語言。實現了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可擴充套件的面向物件的結構實現了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支援HTTPS協議。
4. 通過Http代理建立透明的連線。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通過Http代理建立隧道的https連線。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認證方案。
7. 外掛式的自定義認證方案。
8. 便攜可靠的套接字工廠使它更容易的使用第三方解決方案。
9. 連線管理器支援多執行緒應用。支援設定最大連線數,同時支援設定每個主機的最大連線數,發現並關閉過期的連線。
10. 自動處理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 外掛式的自定義Cookie策略。
12. Request的輸出流可以避免流中內容直接緩衝到socket伺服器。
13. Response的輸入流可以有效的從socket伺服器直接讀取相應內容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久連線。
15. 直接獲取伺服器傳送的response code和 headers。
16. 設定連線超時的能力。
17. 實驗性的支援http1.1 response caching。
18. 原始碼基於Apache License 可免費獲取。
三、使用方法
使用HttpClient傳送請求、接收響應很簡單,一般需要如下幾步即可。
1. 建立HttpClient物件。
2. 建立請求方法的例項,並指定請求URL。如果需要傳送GET請求,建立HttpGet物件;如果需要傳送POST請求,建立HttpPost物件。
3. 如果需要傳送請求引數,可呼叫HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法來新增請求引數;對於HttpPost物件而言,也可呼叫setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設定請求引數。
4. 呼叫HttpClient物件的execute(HttpUriRequest request)傳送請求,該方法返回一個HttpResponse。
5. 呼叫HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取伺服器的響應頭;呼叫HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity物件,該物件包裝了伺服器的響應內容。程式可通過該物件獲取伺服器的響應內容。
6. 釋放連線。無論執行方法是否成功,都必須釋放連線
相關jar包
commons-cli-1.2.jar
commons-codec-1.9.jar
commons-logging-1.2.jar
fluent-hc-4.5.1.jar
httpclient-4.5.1.jar
httpclient-cache-4.5.1.jar
httpclient-win-4.5.1.jar
httpcore-4.4.3.jar
httpcore-ab-4.4.3.jar
httpcore-nio-4.4.3.jar
httpmime-4.5.1.jar
jna-4.1.0.jar
jna-platform-4.1.0.jar
package a;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class First {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));
HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000)//一、連線超時:connectionTimeout-->指的是連線一個url的連線等待時間
.setSocketTimeout(5000)// 二、讀取資料超時:SocketTimeout-->指的是連線上一個url,獲取response的返回等待時間
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
.build();
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");
post.setEntity(reqEntity);
post.setConfig(requestConfig);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");
System.out.println(message);
} else {
System.out.println("請求失敗");
}
}
}
四、例項
主檔案
package com.test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HttpClientTest {
//方法見下........
}
HttpClientUtils工具類
package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
public class HttpClientUtils {
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;
private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;
private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;
private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";
private static int PORT = 80;
static {
//設定http的狀態引數
requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(5000)
.setConnectTimeout(5000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
.build();
HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);
connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);//客戶端總並行連結最大數
connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);//每個主機的最大並行連結數
connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);
httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
}
public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();
return httpClient;
}
public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
String name = e.getKey();
String value = e.getValue();
NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
params.add(pair);
}
HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
if ("post".equals(method)) {
reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
.addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
.setConfig(requestConfig).build();
} else if ("get".equals(method)) {
reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
.addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
.setConfig(requestConfig).build();
}
return reqMethod;
}
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("account", "");
map.put("password", "");
HttpClient client = getConnection();
HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");
HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
System.out.println(message);
} else {
System.out.println("請求失敗");
}
}
}
get方式
/**
* 傳送 get請求
*/
public void get() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
// 建立httpget.
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
// 執行get請求.
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
// 獲取響應實體
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
// 列印響應狀態
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
// 列印響應內容長度
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
// 列印響應內容
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
}
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉連線,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
post方式
/**
* 傳送 post請求訪問本地應用並根據傳遞引數不同返回不同結果
*/
public void post() {
// 建立預設的httpClient例項.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 建立httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 建立引數佇列
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉連線,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
post方式亂碼補充
如果有亂碼,可以償試使用 StringEntity 來替換HttpEntity:
StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二個引數,設定後才會對,內容進行編碼
content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(content);
具體SOAP協議程式碼如下:
package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;
import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;
import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;
/**
*
*
*/
public class DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl implements ServiceOfStringPara {
private String serviceUrl = "http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";
private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());
public String invoke(String sRequest) {
StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Envelope");
soapRequestData.append(" xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");
soapRequestData.append(" xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");
soapRequestData.append(" <soapenv:Header/> ");
soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Body>");
soapRequestData.append("<prov:executePrvPricing>");
soapRequestData.append("<arg0>");
soapRequestData.append("<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");
soapRequestData.append("</arg0>");
soapRequestData.append("</prov:executePrvPricing>");
soapRequestData.append(" </soapenv:Body>");
soapRequestData.append("</soapenv:Envelope>");
HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(serviceUrl);
StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二個引數,設定後才會對,內容進行編碼
content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(content);
//用下面的伺服器端以UTF-8接收到的報文會亂碼,原因未知
// HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(
// ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN
// .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();
// httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
// httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",
// "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
HttpResponse response = null;
Document doc = null;
String returnXml = null;
String sentity = null;
try {
response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");
doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);
System.out.println(doc.toString());
Element eRoot = doc.getRootElement();
Element body = eRoot.getChild("Body", eRoot.getNamespace());
Element resp = (Element) body.getChildren().get(0);
Element returnele = resp.getChild("return");
returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log.info("傳送給系統的請求報文:\n" + soapRequestData.toString());
log.info("系統返回的響應報文:\n" + sentity);
log.info("返回給核心的的報文:\n" + returnXml);
}
return returnXml;
}
public String getServiceUrl() {
return serviceUrl;
}
public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {
this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
File file = new File("D:/test.txt");
System.out.println(file.exists());
String temp2 = null;
StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"GBK");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
temp2 = br.readLine();
while( temp2 != null ){
sb2.append(temp2);
temp2 = br.readLine();
}
String sss = sb2.toString();
// System.out.println(sss.toString());
new DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);
}
}
post提交表單
/**
* post方式提交表單(模擬使用者登入請求)
*/
public void postForm() {
// 建立預設的httpClient例項.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 建立httppost
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
// 建立引數佇列
List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
try {
uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 關閉連線,釋放資源
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
檔案上傳
/**
* 上傳檔案
*/
public void upload() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
try {
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");
FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);
HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();
httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
}
EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
ssl連線
/**
* HttpClient連線SSL
*/
public void ssl() {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
try {
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
try {
// 載入keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
} catch (CertificateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
instream.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
// 相信自己的CA和所有自簽名的證書
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
// 只允許使用TLSv1協議
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
// 建立http請求(get方式)
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
}
} finally {
response.close();
}
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (httpclient != null) {
try {
httpclient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
關於RequestConfig的配置:
源自:
public void requestConfig(){
// 新建一個RequestConfig:
RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
//一、連線目標伺服器超時時間:ConnectionTimeout-->指的是連線一個url的連線等待時間
.setConnectTimeout(5000)
//二、讀取目標伺服器資料超時時間:SocketTimeout-->指的是連線上一個url,獲取response的返回等待時間
.setSocketTimeout(5000)
//三、從連線池獲取連線的超時時間:ConnectionRequestTimeout
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
.build();
// 這個超時可以設定為客戶端級別,作為所有請求的預設值:
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
.build();
// httpclient.execute(httppost);的時候可以讓httppost直接享受到httpclient中的預設配置.
// Request不會繼承客戶端級別的請求配置,所以在自定義Request的時候,需要將客戶端的預設配置拷貝過去:
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/");
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
.setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))
.build();
httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);
// httpget可以單獨地使用新copy的requestConfig請求配置,不會對別的request請求產生影響
}
httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差異
//httpPost.abort();//中斷請求,接下來可以開始另一段請求,所以個人理應,用這個應該可以在session中虛擬登入
//httpPost.releaseConnection();//釋放請求.如果釋放了相當於要清空session
package com.bms.core;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;
public class Test2 {
/**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
* @throws ClientProtocolException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
String body = "";
HttpResponse response;
HttpEntity entity;
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
entity = response.getEntity();
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);//這個就是頁面原始碼了
httpGet.abort();//中斷請求,接下來可以開始另一段請求
System.out.println(body);
//httpGet.releaseConnection();//釋放請求.如果釋放了相當於要清空session
//以下是post方法
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");//一定要改成可以提交的地址,這裡用百度代替
List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "1"));//名值對
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", "xxxx"));
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
entity = response.getEntity();
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());//這個可以列印狀態
httpPost.abort();
System.out.println(body);
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
}
我專案中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)
package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
static final int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("maxTotal")).intValue();//總最大連線數
static final int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("corePoolSize")).intValue();//每條線路最大連線數 = 本系統核心執行緒數 , 這樣永遠不會超過最大連線
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
if (null == httpclient) {
synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {
if (null == httpclient) {
httpclient = getNewHttpClient();
}
}
}
return httpclient;
}
private static CloseableHttpClient getNewHttpClient() {
// 設定連線池
ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
// 配置最大連線數
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
// 配置每條線路的最大連線數
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
// 請求重試處理
HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
@Override
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,
int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已經重試了2次,就放棄
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果伺服器丟掉了連線,那麼就重試
return true;
}
if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重試SSL握手異常
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超時
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目標伺服器不可達
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 連線被拒絕
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手異常
return false;
}
HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient=null;
newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(cm)
// .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
.setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)
.build();
return newHttpclient;
}
}
我自己整理的HttpClientTool
package com.isoftstone.core.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
/**
* org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient連結池生成工具
* @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html
* @author King
* @date 20170601
*/
public class HttpClientTool {
// org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient
private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
// 這裡就直接預設固定了,因為以下三個引數在新建的method中仍然可以重新配置並被覆蓋.
static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,從池中獲取連結超時時間
static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,建立連結超時時間
static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,讀取超時時間
// 總配置,主要涉及是以下兩個引數,如果要作調整沒有用到properties會比較後麻煩,但鑑於一經貼上,隨處可用的特點,就不再做依賴性配置化處理了.
// 而且這個引數同一家公司基本不會變動.
static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大總併發,很重要的引數
static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路併發,很重要的引數
// 正常情況這裡應該配成MAP或LIST
// 細化配置引數,用來對每路引數做精細化處理,可以管控各ip的流量,比如預設配置請求baidu:80埠最大100個併發連結,
static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每個細化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊場景很有用)
static final int detailPort = 80;// 每個細化配置之port(不重要,在特殊場景很有用)
static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每個細化配置之最大併發數(不重要,在特殊場景很有用)
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
if (null == httpclient) {
synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {
if (null == httpclient) {
httpclient = init();
}
}
}
return httpclient;
}
/**
* 連結池初始化 這裡最重要的一點理解就是. 讓CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界裡, 但是HttpPost卻一直用完就消掉.
* 這樣可以讓連結一直保持著.
*
* @return
*/
private static CloseableHttpClient init() {
CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;
// 設定連線池
ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
// 將最大連線數增加
cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
// 將每個路由基礎的連線增加
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
// 細化配置開始,其實這裡用Map或List的for迴圈來配置每個連結,在特殊場景很有用.
// 將每個路由基礎的連線做特殊化配置,一般用不著
HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);
// 將目標主機的最大連線數增加
cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);
// cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),
// detailMaxPerRoute2);//可以有細化配置2
// cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),
// detailMaxPerRoute3);//可以有細化配置3
// 細化配置結束
// 請求重試處理
HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
@Override
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
if (executionCount >= 2) {// 如果已經重試了2次,就放棄
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 如果伺服器丟掉了連線,那麼就重試
return true;
}
if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重試SSL握手異常
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超時
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目標伺服器不可達
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 連線被拒絕
return false;
}
if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手異常
return false;
}
HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
// 如果請求是冪等的,就再次嘗試
if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
// 配置請求的超時設定
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
return newHttpclient;
}
}
package com.alqsoft.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieOrigin;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpec;
import org.apache.http.cookie.CookieSpecProvider;
import org.apache.http.cookie.MalformedCookieException;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BestMatchSpecFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BrowserCompatSpec;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BrowserCompatSpecFactory;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClientObject {
private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HttpClientObject.class);
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
private HttpResponse response;
private HttpPost httpPost = null;
private HttpGet httpGet = null;
private String paramKey = "";
private String paramValue = "";
private String responseString;
public void setParamKey(String paramKey) {
this.paramKey = paramKey;
}
public void setParamValue(String paramValue) {
this.paramValue = paramValue;
}
public String getResponseString() {
return responseString;
}
public HttpClientObject() {
this.getHttpClient();
}
private List<NameValuePair> getRequestBody() {
NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair(paramKey, paramValue);
List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
pairList.add(pair1);
return pairList;
}
public void submit() {
try {
if (httpPost != null) {
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
httpPost = null;
}
if (httpGet != null) {
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
httpGet = null;
}
this.response();
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void response() {
String result = "";
BufferedReader in = null;
try {
HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
responseString = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (Exception e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void setPost(String httpUrl) {
try {
HttpEntity requestHttpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(this.getRequestBody());
httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "”application/json;charset=UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(requestHttpEntity);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void setGet(String httpUrl) {
httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);
httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
}
private void getHttpClient() {
BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
CookieSpecProvider easySpecProvider = new CookieSpecProvider() {
public CookieSpec create(HttpContext context) {
return new BrowserCompatSpec() {
@Override
public void validate(Cookie cookie, CookieOrigin origin)
throws MalformedCookieException {
// Oh, I am easy
}
};
}
};
Registry<CookieSpecProvider> r = RegistryBuilder.<CookieSpecProvider>create()
.register(CookieSpecs.BEST_MATCH, new BestMatchSpecFactory())
.register(CookieSpecs.BROWSER_COMPATIBILITY, new BrowserCompatSpecFactory())
.register("easy", easySpecProvider).build();
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec("easy")
.setSocketTimeout(20000).setConnectTimeout(20000).build();
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieSpecRegistry(r)
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
}
/**
* httpclient傳送http get請求;
*
* @return
* @throws URISyntaxException
* @throws IOException
* @throws ClientProtocolException
*/
public static String sendGet(String uriPath, List<NameValuePair> ns)
throws URISyntaxException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder();
uri.setPath(uriPath);
uri.addParameters(ns);
URI u = uri.build();
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(u);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
}
/**
* httpclient傳送http post請求;
*
* @return
* @throws URISyntaxException
* @throws IOException
* @throws ClientProtocolException
*/
public static String sendPost(String uriPath, List<NameValuePair> ns)
throws URISyntaxException, ClientProtocolException, IOException {
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
URIBuilder uri = new URIBuilder();
uri.setPath(uriPath);
uri.addParameters(ns);
URI u = uri.build();
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(u);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
}
}
使用方法如下:
String signUrl= ”路徑“;
try{
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("phone",phone));
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("xytId",String.valueOf(xytId)));
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("balance",balance));
String result=HttpClientObject.sendPost(signUrl,nameValuePairs);
logger.info("result: = "+result);
JSONObject jsonObject=JSON.parseObject(result);
Integer code=Integer.valueOf(jsonObject.getString("code"));
if(code.equals(0)){
code1=0L;
}else if(code.equals(1)){
code1=1L;
}else if(code.equals(3)){
code1=3L;
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}