Mule ESB 學習筆記 服務呼叫
1. Mule實現並提供Web Service
在Mule上開發併發佈一個Web Service供客戶端呼叫。
· 示例配置
<flow name="local-ws"> <core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo1" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="Generic" doc:description="Generic endpoint specified by address URI" /> <cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" doc:name="SOAP" doc:description="Make a web service available via CXF" /> <component doc:name="Component" doc:description="Invoke a Java component"> <singleton-object class="demo.mule.component.Echo" /> </component> </ flow >
· 測試方法
在瀏覽器位址列中輸入“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo1/echo/text/hello”,回車後瀏覽器中將顯示返回結果資訊。地址中的“echo”是服務的方法,“text”是方法的引數,“hello”是引數的值。
2. Web Service Proxy
Web Service Proxy用來將客戶端的WS請求直接轉發至相應的遠端WS服務端處理,並返回處理結果。Mule本身不做任何處理。
2.1 配置方式1
· 示例配置
<flow name="local2remote-ws"> <http:inbound-endpoint keep-alive="false" address="http://localhost:65000" encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="HTTP" doc:description="" /> <http:outbound-endpoint method="GET" keep-alive="false" address="http://localhost:5050#[header:INBOUND:http.request]" responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" followRedirects="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="HTTP" doc:description="" /> </ flow >
· 說明
注意outbound-endpoint中address引數中的表示式。
· 測試方法
瀏覽器中通過“http://localhost:65000/webservice/EchoService?wsdl”(將內容複製,儲存為*.wsdl),然後使用SoapUI測試。
2.2 配置方式2
· 示例配置
<pattern:web-service-proxy name="ws-proxy" inboundAddress="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo2" outboundAddress="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo1?method=echo"> </pattern:web-service-proxy>
· 說明
Mule為這種常見的場景提供了現成的模式,以簡化配置。
· 測試方法
通過“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo2?wsdl”獲取wsdl檔案,然後使用SoapUI測試。
3. Web Service to Web Service
Web Service To Web Service用於在Mule中提供Web Service供客戶端呼叫,Mule接收請求後呼叫遠端的Web Service進行處理,並返回結果。
· 示例配置
<flow name="local-ws2remote-ws">
<core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo8"
disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="Generic"
doc:description="Generic endpoint specified by address URI" />
<cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" doc:name="SOAP"
doc:description="Make a web service available via CXF" />
<core:outbound-endpoint
address="wsdl-cxf:http://server1:5050/mule-business/webservice/EchoService?wsdl&method=Echo" />
</ flow >
· 說明
注意outbound-endpoint中address引數的配置方式,使用了wsdl-cxf字首表示此web service是由cxf提供的。
· 測試方法
在瀏覽器中輸入“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo8/echo/text/hello”進行測試。
4. Socket to Socket
Socket To Socket用於將客戶端的Socket請求轉發至遠端的Socket服務端處理,並返回處理結果。
· 示例配置
<flow name="tcp2tcp">
<tcp:inbound-endpoint host="localhost" port="7100" responseTimeout="10000"
encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="TCP"
doc:description="The TCP transport enables events to be sent and received over TCP sockets." />
<tcp:outbound-endpoint host="localhost" port="7000" responseTimeout="10000"
encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="TCP"
doc:description="The TCP transport enables events to be sent and received over TCP sockets." />
</ flow >
· 說明
主要配置host、port引數,表明服務地址。
· 測試方法
通過
SimpleServer和SimpleClient測試類,首先啟動SimpleServer,然後啟動SimpleClient,傳送請求並接收處理結果。
5. JMS Topic
客戶端傳送Web Service請求,Mule將請求訊息傳送至遠端JMS的Topic中。
· 示例配置
<flow name="local-ws2jms-topic">
<core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo3"
responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" mimeType="text/plain"
exchange-pattern="one-way" doc:name="Generic" doc:description="Generic endpoint specified by address URI" />
<cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" doc:name="SOAP"
doc:description="Make a web service available via CXF" />
<jms:outbound-endpoint topic="topic1" responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8"
disableTransportTransformer="false" disableTemporaryReplyToDestinations="false" exchange-pattern="one-way"
connector-ref="activemqConnector" doc:name="JMS" doc:description="Send or receive messages from a JMS queue" />
</flow>
<flow name="jms-topic2echo">
<jms:inbound-endpoint topic="topic1" responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8"
disableTransportTransformer="false" disableTemporaryReplyToDestinations="false" exchange-pattern="one-way"
connector-ref="activemqConnector" doc:name="JMS" doc:description="Send or receive messages from a JMS queue" />
<echo-component doc:name="Echo" doc:description="Echoes message payload." />
</ flow >
· 說明
JMS endpoint是單向的,不需要返回值。通過topic屬性指定JMS Server的Topic名稱,connector-ref指明瞭使用的JMS連線。
· 測試方法
在瀏覽器位址列中輸入“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo3/echo/text/hello”傳送請求,Mule控制檯上輸出訂閱者的處理結果(上述示例中通過Mule配置了一個JMS的訂閱者)。也可以通過ActiveMQ的控制檯,檢視到Topic中增加了一條釋出的訊息。
二. 基於訊息內容的路由
Mule提供基於訊息內容的路由機制,根據訊息中的指定資訊,將訊息傳送至不同的服務端進行處理。
1. Socket to Socket 路由
· 示例配置
<flow name="tcp2tcp-router">
<tcp:inbound-endpoint host="localhost" port="7101" responseTimeout="10000"
encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="TCP"
doc:description="The TCP transport enables events to be sent and received over TCP sockets." />
<choice>
<when evaluator="jxpath" expression="(req/area)='bj'">
<tcp:outbound-endpoint host="server1" port="7101"
responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response"
doc:name="TCP" doc:description="The TCP transport enables events to be sent and received over TCP sockets." />
</when>
<when evaluator="jxpath" expression="(req/area)='sh'">
<tcp:outbound-endpoint host="server1" port="7102"
responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response"
doc:name="TCP" doc:description="The TCP transport enables events to be sent and received over TCP sockets." />
</when>
</choice>
</ flow >
· 說明
路由使用了<choice>、<when>元素,表示路由分支。When元素使用evaluator指明表示式的解析方式,使用expression描述訊息內容的判斷條件。
· 測試方法
同Socket To Socket測試,訊息內容分別為<req><area>bj</area></req>、<req><area>sh</area></req>,檢視傳送至不同伺服器的輸出。
2. Web Service to JMS Topic 路由
· 示例配置
<flow name="local-ws2jms-topic-router">
<core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo7"
disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="Generic"
doc:description="Generic endpoint specified by address URI" />
<cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" doc:name="SOAP"
doc:description="Make a web service available via CXF" />
<choice>
<when evaluator="jxpath" expression="(req/area)='bj'">
<jms:outbound-endpoint topic="topic1" responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8"
disableTransportTransformer="false" disableTemporaryReplyToDestinations="false"
exchange-pattern="one-way" connector-ref="activemqConnector" doc:name="JMS"
doc:description="Send or receive messages from a JMS queue" />
</when>
<when evaluator="jxpath" expression="(req/area)='sh'">
<jms:outbound-endpoint topic="topic2" responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8"
disableTransportTransformer="false" disableTemporaryReplyToDestinations="false"
exchange-pattern="one-way" connector-ref="activemqConnector" doc:name="JMS"
doc:description="Send or receive messages from a JMS queue" />
</when>
</choice>
</ flow >
· 測試方法
通過“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo7?wsdl”獲取wsdl檔案,然後通過SoapUI傳送請求,檢視返回結果。修改訊息內容,檢視結果的變化。
3. Web Service to Web Service 路由
· 示例配置
<flow name="local-ws2jms-topic-router">
<core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo9"
disableTransportTransformer="false" exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="Generic"
doc:description="Generic endpoint specified by address URI" />
<cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" doc:name="SOAP"
doc:description="Make a web service available via CXF" />
<choice>
<when evaluator="jxpath" expression="(req/area)='bj'">
<core:outbound-endpoint
address="wsdl-cxf:http://server1:5050/mule-business/webservice/CalcService?wsdl&method=processXml" />
</when>
<when evaluator="jxpath" expression="(req/area)='sh'">
<core:outbound-endpoint
address="wsdl-cxf:http://server2:5050/mule-business/webservice/CalcService?wsdl&method=processXml" />
</when>
</choice>
</ flow >
· 測試方法
使用“<![CDATA[<req><seq>1</seq><area>bj</area><price>123.45</price><count>10</count></req>]]>”資料進行測試。
三. 資料轉換
1. 壓縮解壓
Mule原生提供了gzip壓縮方式的Transformer。
· 示例配置
<flow name="gzip">
<stdio:inbound-endpoint ref="stdioInEndpoint" />
<core:string-to-byte-array-transformer encoding="UTF-8" />
<component class="demo.mule.component.Passthrough" />
<core:gzip-compress-transformer encoding="UTF-8" />
<component class="demo.mule.component.Passthrough" />
<core:gzip-uncompress-transformer encoding="UTF-8" />
<component class="demo.mule.component.Passthrough" />
<core:byte-array-to-string-transformer encoding="UTF-8" />
<stdio:outbound-endpoint ref="stdioOutEndpoint" />
</ flow >
· 說明
gzip-compress-transformer針對byte[]進行壓縮處理,因此對於字串型別的訊息,首先需要通過string-to-byte-array-transformer進行轉換。
· 測試方法
在控制檯的提示資訊後輸入測試字串,完成後控制檯輸出同樣的資訊。
2. 加密解密
加密、解密是一種特定的資料轉換方式,因此通過自定義Transformer的形式支援。
· 示例配置
<flow name="encrypt">
<core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo11"
responseTimeout="10000" encoding="UTF-8" disableTransportTransformer="false" mimeType="text/plain"
exchange-pattern="one-way" />
<cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" />
<component>
<singleton-object class="demo.mule.component.Echo" />
</component>
<core:custom-transformer class="demo.mule.transformer.DesEncryptTransformer" encoding="UTF-8" />
<component class="demo.mule.component.Passthrough" />
<core:custom-transformer class="demo.mule.transformer.DesDecryptTransformer" encoding="UTF-8" />
<stdio:outbound-endpoint ref="stdioOutEndpoint" />
</ flow >
· 說明
DesEncryptTransformer是自定義的壓縮轉換器,DesDecryptTransformer是對應的解壓轉換器。
· 測試方法
在瀏覽器位址列中輸入“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo11/echo/text/測試字串”,在控制檯中可見加密後的字串和最終解密後與原串相同的字串。
3. 自定義Transformer
· 示例程式碼
import demo.mule.dto.Envelope;
public class String2EnvelopeTransformer extends AbstractTransformer {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(String2EnvelopeTransformer.class);
@Override
protected Object doTransform(Object src, String enc) throws TransformerException {
Envelope env = new Envelope();
if (src instanceof String) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer((String) src, ",");
String area = st.nextToken();
String data = st.nextToken();
env.create(area, data);
}
log.debug(env);
return env;
}
}
· 說明
自定義Transformer需要繼承AbstractTransformer類,實現其doTransform方法。該方法接收兩個引數,一個是訊息物件,一個是訊息的Encoding,方法丟擲TransformerException,返回轉換後的訊息物件。
· 例項配置
<flow name="local-ws">
<core:inbound-endpoint address="http://localhost:65082/services/Echo1"
exchange-pattern="request-response" doc:name="Generic" doc:description="Generic endpoint specified by address URI" />
<cxf:jaxws-service serviceClass="demo.mule.component.Echo" doc:name="SOAP"
doc:description="Make a web service available via CXF" />
<component doc:name="Component" doc:description="Invoke a Java component">
<singleton-object class="demo.mule.component.Echo" />
</component>
<core:custom-transformer class="demo.mule.transformer.String2EnvelopeTransformer"></core:custom-transformer>
<core:outbound-endpoint address="stdio://System.out" exchange-pattern="one-way" />
</ flow >
· 測試方法
在瀏覽器中輸入“http://localhost:65082/services/Echo1/echo/text/bj,hello”進行測試,觀察控制檯輸出結果。
僅以上述示例程式碼作為這一段時間Mule文件閱讀及試用的總結。