Python的requests軟體包詳解
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-05
requests是一款Python的第三方HTTP類庫，便於進行HTTP訪問。
1. requests的特性
- 能夠傳送HTTP 1.1請求
- 無需手工為GET方法設定URL的請求引數，無需手工為POST方法組編碼表單形式
- 藉助於urllib3實現HTTP請求的連線會話快取
- 支援Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3-3.7
pip install requests
3. requests的介面
1) Main interfaces
- requests.request()
- requests.head()
- requests.get('url', params={'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2'},headers={'user-agent': '...'}, cookies={'name1':'value2'})
- requests.post('url', data={'key':'value'})
- requests.post('url', json={'key':'value'})
- requests.post('url', files={'uploaded_file': open('report.xls', 'rb')})
- requests.post('url', files={'uploaded_file': ('report.xls', open('report.xls', 'rb'), 'application/excel', {'Expires': '0'})})
- requests.post('url', files={'uploaded_file': ('temp.txt', 'one line\ntwo lines\n')})
- requests.put('url', data={'key':'value'})
- requests.patch()
- requests.delete('url')
import requests
requests.Session()3) requests.Request類
import requests requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
4) requests.PreparedRequest類
import requests
req = requests.Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
preq = req.prepare()5) requests.Response類
import requests
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
r.headers['content-type'] #'application/json;charset=utf8'
r.url
r.status_code #200==requests.codes.ok
r.encoding #'utf-8' by default
r.raw #raw content
r.text #text content
r.content #binary content
r.json()#json content, recommended
r.cookies['a_key']注意：呼叫json()方法，如果返回結果不是有效的JSON資料，則丟擲ValueError異常。
6) requests.adapters.BaseAdapter類
7) requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter類
requests提供的使用urllib3的HTTP Adapter
參考連結：
官網，http://python-requests.org/
文件，http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/
程式碼，https://github.com/requests/requests/
Release notes，http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/community/updates/