基本查詢（Query查詢）

資料準備及簡單查詢

//首先做一個數據準備，建立一個索引
PUT /lib3
{
    "settings": {
        "number_of_shards": 3,
        "number_of_replicas": 0
    },
    "mappings": {
        "user": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {"type": "text"},
                "address": {"type": "text"},
                "age"
 
: {"type": "integer"},
                "interests": {"type": "text"},
                "birthday": {"type": "date"}
            }
        }
    }
}
//新增一些文件
PUT /lib3/user/1
{
    "name": "zhaoliu",
    "address": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
    "age": 50,
    "birthday": "1970-12-12",
    "interests"
 
: "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,lvyou"
}

PUT /lib3/user/2
{
    "name": "zhaoming",
    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
    "age": 20,
    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,changge"
}

PUT /lib3/user/3
{
    "name": "lisi",
    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen"
 
,
    "age": 23,
    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,changge"
}

PUT /lib3/user/4
{
    "name": "wangwu",
    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
    "age": 26,
    "birthday": "1995-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan biancheng, tingyinyue,lvyou"
}

PUT /lib3/user/5
{
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
    "age": 29,
    "birthday": "1988-10-12",
    "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
}

//簡單查詢
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
//返回結果
{
    "took": 9,  //took：當前搜尋所用時間
    "time_out": false, //time_out：是否超時
    "_shards": {  //shards：分片資訊
        "total": 3,  //總分片數
        "successful": 3, //請求成功的分片數
        "skipped": 0, //請求跳過的分片數
        "failed": 0 //請求失敗的分片數
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,  //查詢出的文件數
        "max_score": 0.6931472, //相關度分數（即查出的文件和搜尋條件的匹配度，完全匹配為最大值1）
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.6931472,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "lisi",
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "age": 23,
                    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan he jiu, duan lian,chang ge"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

//簡單查詢
//查詢興趣是changge的人，並對age進行降序排列
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=interests:changge&sort=age:desc
//返回結果
{
    "took": 17,
    "time_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhangsan",
                    "address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
                    "age": 29,
                    "birthday": "1988-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
                },
                "sort": [
                    29
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "lisi",
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "age": 23,
                    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,cahngge"
                },
                "sort": [
                    23
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhaoming",
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "age": 20,
                    "birthday": "1998-10-12",
                    "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
                },
                "sort": [
                    20
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

term查詢和terms查詢

term query回去倒排索引中尋找確切的term（即精準查詢），它並不知道分詞器的存在。這種查詢適合keyword，numeric，date。
term：查詢某個欄位裡含有某個關鍵詞的文件

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

terms：查詢某個欄位裡含有多個關鍵字的文件

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "interests": ["hejiu", "changge"] //這裡多個條件是或（即or）的關係
        }
    }
}

控制查詢返回的數量

from：從哪一個文件開始
size：需要的個數

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "from": 0,
    "size": 2,
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "interests": ["hejiu", "changge"]
        }
    }
}

返回版本號

version：當設定version為true時，查詢的文件中將返回版本資訊，預設情況是false（即不設定的version時）

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "version": true,
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "interests": ["hejiu", "changge"]
        }
    }
}

match查詢

match query知道分詞器的存在，會對filed進行分詞操作，然後在查詢

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "name": "zhaoliu"
        }
    }
}
//分詞的體現
//匹配的條件越多，相似度的值將會越高
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "name": "zhaoliu zhaoming"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "age": 20
        }
    }
}

match_all：查詢所有文件

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

multi_match：可以指定多個欄位

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "multi_match": {
            "query": "lvyou",
            "fields": [
                "interests",
                "name"
            ]
        }
    }
}

match_phrase：短語匹配查詢
Elasticsearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查詢字串，從分析後的文字中構建短語查詢，這意味著必須匹配短語中的所有分詞，並且保證各個分詞的相對位置不變；

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "interests": "duanlian, shuoxiangsheng"
        }
    }
}

指定返回的欄位

_source：可在_source中設定想返回的欄位

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "_source": [
        "address",
        "name"
    ],
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

控制載入的欄位

includes：包含某些欄位，可以使用萬用字元進行查詢
excludes：排除某些欄位，可以使用萬用字元進行查詢

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "_source": {
        "includes": ["name", "address"],
        "excludes": ["age", "birthday"]
    },
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

//使用萬用字元查詢
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "_source": {
        "includes": ["addr*"],
        "excludes": ["name", "bir*"]
    },
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

排序

使用sort實現排序：desc降序、asc升序

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "sort": [
        {
            "age": {
                "order": "asc"
            }
        }
    ],
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "sort": [
        {
            "age": {
                "order": "desc"
            }
        }
    ],
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

字首匹配查詢

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase_prefilx": {
            "name": {
                "query": "zhao"
            }
        }
    }
}

範圍查詢

range：實現範圍查詢
引數：from、to、include_lower、include_upper、boost
include_lower：是否包含範圍的左邊界，預設是true
include_upper：是否包含範圍的右邊界，預設是true

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "birthday": {
                "from": "1990-10-10",
                "to": "2018-05-01"
            }
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "age": {
                "from": 20,
                "to": 25,
                "include_lower": true,
                "include_upper": false
            }
        }
    }
}

wildcard查詢

允許使用萬用字元*和?來進行查詢
*代表0個或者多個字元
?代表任意一個字元

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
            "name": "zhao*"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
            "name": "li?i"
        }
    }
}

fuzzy實現模糊查詢

value：查詢的關鍵字
boost：查詢的權值，預設值是1.0
min_similarity：設定匹配的最小相似度，預設值為0.5，對於字串，取值為0-1（包含0和1）；對於數值，取值可能大於1；對於日期型別取值為1d，1m等，1d就代表1天
prefix_length：指明區分詞項的共同字首長度，預設是0
max_expansions：查詢中的詞項可以擴充套件的數目，預設可以無限大

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
            "interests": {
                "value": "chagge" //此處changge寫成了chagge，但因為模糊查詢依然可以查出結果
            }
        }
    }
}

高亮搜尋結果

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "interests": {}
        }
    }
}

查詢結果分析

• took：查詢耗費的時間，單位是毫秒
• _shard：共請求了多少個shard
• total：查詢出的文件總個數
• max_score：本次查詢中，相關度分數的最大值，文件和此次查詢的匹配度越高，_score的值越大，排位越考前
• hits：預設查詢前10個文件
• time_out： 查詢超時時間，設定超時時間將返回已經查詢出來的資料

GET  /lib3/user/_search?timeout=10ms
{
    "_source": [
        "address",
        "name"
    ],
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "interests": "changge"
        }
    }
}

{
    "took": 419,
    "time_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 0.6931472,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.6931472,
                "_source": {
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "name": "lisi"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "lib3",
                "_type": "user",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.47000363,
                "_source": {
                    "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
                    "name": "lisi"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

多index、多type查詢模式

//查詢所有文件，不管是哪個索引下的
GET _search

//查詢lib索引下所有文件
GET /lib/_search

//指定lib、lib3索引下的所有文件
GET /lib,lib3/_search

//*號為萬用字元，查詢結尾是3和4的索引下的所有文件
GET /*3,*4/_search

//可以指定型別type，（6.0以後一個_index下只能有一個_type，等價於GET /lib/_search）
GET /lib/user/_search

//指定多個索引，多個型別，（6.0以後一個_index下只能有一個_type，等價於GET /lib,lib3/_search）
GET /lib,lib3/user,items/_search

//_all表示叢集下的所有索引
GET /_all/_search

//查詢所有索引下，只查詢user、items型別的文件
GET /_all/user,items/_search