Guava併發程式設計之ListenableFuture類
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-11
1 Future介面的缺點
通過Future介面的get()方法可以獲取類Callable的返回值,但是此方法最大缺點是阻塞的,因此在併發環境下,效率比較低。Google公司提供的開源Guava庫提供了有效的處理非同步Future的問題。
2 addListener()方法
Guava包的ListenableFuture實現了Future介面, 其原始碼如下:
public interface ListenableFuture<V> extends Future<V> {
void addListener(Runnable listener, Executor executor);
}
addListener(Runnable listener, Executor executor)方法是非同步的,它註冊了一個監聽器,當Callable類執行結束,後會進入Runnable介面的實現類中。
public class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {
private String name;
public MyCallable(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(5000);
return name;
}
}
public class ListenableFutureApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
* 方法1:採用 ListenableFuture類自帶的addListener(Runnable listener, Executor executor)方法註冊回撥函式(不推薦)
*/
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1 );
ListeningExecutorService service = MoreExecutors.listeningDecorator(executor);
MyCallable callable = new MyCallable("JayLai");
ListenableFuture<String> listenableFuture = service.submit(callable);
final long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//非同步方法
//註冊監聽,當Callable類者中call()方法執行結束,後會進入new Runnable() { }中
listenableFuture.addListener(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("執行結果:" + listenableFuture.get());
long time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("執行時間為:" + (time2 - time1) + "毫秒");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, executor); //註冊回撥函式
System.out.println("=======main method end======");
}
}
執行結果:
3 addCallback()方法
Guava包還提供了更加便利的註冊監聽方法,使用Futures類中的
public static <V> void addCallback(ListenableFuture<V> future,
FutureCallback<? super V> callback) {
addCallback(future, callback, directExecutor());
}
來註冊回撥方法,其中FutureCallback類的原始碼如下
public interface FutureCallback<V> {
void onSuccess(@Nullable V result);
void onFailure(Throwable t);
}
它具體2個方法,當Callable類成功執行結束時候,則進入onSuccess()方法中;若失敗,如遇到異常,則進入onFailure()方法。
public class ListenableFutureApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
* 方法2:採用addCallback註冊回撥函式(推薦此法)
*/
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
MyCallable callable = new MyCallable("JayLai");
Future<String> future = executorService.submit(callable);
ListenableFuture<String> listenableFuture = JdkFutureAdapters.listenInPoolThread(future);
long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
//註冊回撥函式
Futures.addCallback(listenableFuture, new FutureCallback<String>() { //非同步執行
@Override
public void onSuccess(String result) {
System.out.println("執行結果:" + result);
long time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("執行時間為:" + (time2 - time1) + "毫秒");
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
System.out.println("Error!!!");
}
});
System.out.println("=====main method end !====");
}
}
執行結果:
4 參考文獻