1. 首先，貼一個簡單的Win32的Hello World程式，這是學MFC的基礎。

如果沒有學過Win32，請自行補充相關知識。

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                   HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                   int nShowCmd)
{
    static TCHAR lpszAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin");
    HWND      hwnd;
    MSG       msg;
    WNDCLASS  wc;

    wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
    wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = lpszAppName;

    // 註冊視窗類
    if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"),
            lpszAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }

    // 建立應用程式主視窗
    hwnd = CreateWindow(lpszAppName,
        TEXT("The Hello Program"),
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        hInstance,
        NULL);

    // 顯示視窗
    ShowWindow(hwnd, nShowCmd);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    // 訊息迴圈 
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

//
// 視窗過程函式
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC         hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT        rect;

    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        return 0;
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
        DrawText(hdc, TEXT("Hello World!"), -1, &rect, 
            DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
 

2. MFC其實是微軟對Win32 API的一個封裝。

建立一個簡單的MFC程式如Test後，整個程式的初始化及執行流程大致下：

CTestApp中定義theApp全域性物件

  —>執行父類CWinApp建構函式

    —>執行子類本身建構函式

      —>呼叫AfxWinMain函式

        —>Afx函式中呼叫initInstance函式，包括註冊視窗類、建立視窗、顯示視窗等

          —>進行訊息迴圈

3. 程式框架

建立一個單文件MFC示例程式，程式就會包含：

CTestApp——應用程式類

CMainFrame、CTestView——窗體類，後者可看做前者的子類

CTestDoc——文件類

4. 注意事項：

MFC其實是對Win32 API函式的一些封裝，比如CWnd類，我們自己也可以模擬這個封裝過程。

下面是我自己寫的一個模擬封裝程式：

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

class CMyWnd
{
public:
	BOOL MyCreateWindow( 
	  LPCTSTR lpClassName, 
	  LPCTSTR lpWindowName, 
	  DWORD dwStyle, 
	  int x, 
	  int y, 
	  int nWidth, 
	  int nHeight, 
	  HWND hWndParent, 
	  HMENU hMenu, 
	  HANDLE hInstance, 
	  PVOID lpParam 
	);

	BOOL MyShowWindow(int nCmdShow);

	BOOL MyUpdateWindow();

	HWND GetHwnd();

private:
	HWND m_hwnd;
};

BOOL CMyWnd::MyCreateWindow(LPCTSTR lpClassName, LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle, 
							int x,int y, int nWidth, int nHeight, 
							HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HANDLE hInstance, LPVOID lpParam)
{
	m_hwnd = ::CreateWindow(lpClassName,lpWindowName,dwStyle,
							x,y,nWidth,nHeight,hWndParent,hMenu,(HINSTANCE)hInstance,lpParam);
	if(NULL == m_hwnd)
		return FALSE;
	else
		return TRUE;
}


BOOL CMyWnd::MyShowWindow(int nCmdShow)
{
	return ::ShowWindow(m_hwnd, nCmdShow);
}

BOOL CMyWnd::MyUpdateWindow()
{
	return ::UpdateWindow(m_hwnd);
}

HWND CMyWnd::GetHwnd()
{
	return this->m_hwnd;
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd )
{
	MSG msg;
	WNDCLASS wndclass;
	CMyWnd wnd;
	TCHAR szName[] = TEXT("Class Test");
	//HWND hwnd;

	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szName;
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

	if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Need Window NT"), TEXT("Title"), MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	//wnd = new CMyWnd;
	wnd.MyCreateWindow(szName, TEXT("Window Test"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 
					   CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
					   NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	//hwnd = wnd->GetHwnd();

	wnd.MyShowWindow(nShowCmd);
	wnd.MyUpdateWindow();

	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch(message)
	{
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}

	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
 

視窗被銷燬，並不會影響視窗類，微軟MFC封裝的CWnd類也是一樣；

當然，我們這裡只是簡單的模擬，並不完善，當視窗類銷燬時，MFC中會把相應的視窗也銷燬。

5. 向MFC程式新增控制元件

這個比較簡單，可以再CMainFrame類中定義一個CButton的物件，然後在該類的建構函式中初始化這個成員物件。

當然，也可以在CTestView類寫，可以給它寫個相應WM_CRAETE的OnCreate函式即可；

首先在CTestView標頭檔案中新增：

private:
	CButton m_btn;

// CTest1View message handlers

int CTest1View::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct) 
{
	if (CView::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
		return -1;
	
	m_btn.Create(TEXT("World"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON, CRect(0,0,50,20), this, 124);
	
	return 0;
}