類成員屬性封裝
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-15
屬性私有化,使用private關鍵字。
照Java的開發標準而言,外部要想操作私有屬性,需要按照如下形式定義操作方法:setter、getter:
setter(private String name):public void setName(String n);
getter(private String name):public String getName();
舉例:
執行結果:class Employee {// 僱員類 private int number ; private String name ; private String job ; private double salary ; private double income ; private String phoneNumber; private String address; public Employee(int number, String name, String job, double salary, double income,String phoneNumber,String address) { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub this.number=number; this.name=name; this.job=job; this.salary=salary; this.income=income; this.phoneNumber=phoneNumber; this.address=address; } public int getNumber() { return number; } public void setNumber() { this.number = number; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName() { this.name = name; } public String getJob() { return job; } public void setJob() { this.job = job; } public double getSalary(){ return salary; } public void setSalary(double salary) { this.salary = salary; } public double getIncome() { return income; } public void setIncome(double income) { this.income = income; } public String getPhoneNumber() { return phoneNumber; } public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) { this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } public double salary() { return salary+income; } public double income() { return this.salary()*12; } public String getInfo(){ return "僱員資訊:"+"\n"+ "|編號:"+this.getNumber()+"\n"+ "|姓名:"+this.getName()+"\n"+ "|職位:"+this.getJob()+"\n"+ "|工資:"+this.getSalary()+"\n"+ "|佣金:"+this.getIncome()+"\n"+ "|月薪:"+this.salary()+"\n"+ "|年薪:"+this.income()+"\n"+ "|電話:"+this.getPhoneNumber()+"\n"+ "|地址:"+this.getAddress()+"\n"; } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee Employee=new Employee(10001,"李白","Java開發工程師",20000.0,5000.0,"18888888888","長安"); System.out.println(Employee.getInfo()); } }
僱員資訊:
|編號:10001
|姓名:李白
|職位:Java開發工程師
|工資:20000.0
|佣金:5000.0
|月薪:25000.0
|年薪:300000.0
|電話:18888888888
|地址:長安
以後在進行開發的時候,如果有需要,則在setter上加入一些驗證措施,而getter方法只是簡單的將資料返回即可,不需要做任何的驗證。疑問?為什麼有些沒有在程式之中使用getter()方法?
在類之中的屬性定義setter、getter操作方法目的就是為了設定和取得屬性的內容,也許某一個操作暫時不使用到取得的操作,不過從開發來講,必須全部提供。以後在定義類的時候,所有的屬性都要編寫private封裝,封裝之後的屬性如果需要被外部操作,則編寫setter、getter。