引數設計:

資料庫名  

1：配置環境變數（以下是本實驗環境的配置）

[[email protected] ~]$ cat .bash_profile 

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=PROD
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

[[email protected] ~]$ 
--使環境變數生效，當然，如果重新登陸或者做過切換等操作，此步驟可以省略
[[email protected] ~]$ . .bash_profile 
[[email protected] ~]$

2：建立密碼檔案（作用：允許遠端用密碼方式以sysdba身份登陸資料庫，密碼檔案可有可無）

--切換到存放密碼檔案的目錄
[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
[

[email protected] dbs]$ ls
init.ora
[[email protected] dbs]$ 
--生成密碼檔案的命令，幫助資訊
[[email protected] dbs]$ orapwd
Usage: orapwd file=<fname> entries=<users> force=<y/n> ignorecase=<y/n> nosysdba=<y/n>

  where
    file - name of password file (required),
    password - password for SYS will be prompted if not specified at command line,
    entries - maximum number of distinct DBA (optional),
    force - whether to overwrite existing file (optional),
    ignorecase - passwords are case-insensitive (optional),
    nosysdba - whether to shut out the SYSDBA logon (optional Database Vault only).

  There must be no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.
[

[email protected] dbs]$ 
--生成密碼檔案，密碼檔案的格式：orapw+SID
[[email protected] dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls
init.ora  orapwPROD
[[email protected] dbs]$

3：生成pfile檔案

[[email protected] dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[[email protected] dbs]$ ls

init.ora  orapwPROD

[[email protected] dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^#|grep -v ^$ > initPROD.ora
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls

init.ora  initPROD.ora  orapwPROD

[[email protected] dbs]$ 
[[email protected] dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora 

db_name='PROD'

memory_target=1G

processes = 150

--注意要校驗此路徑，在下一步建立目錄時，要相同

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump'

#audit_trail ='db'

--把審計的引數註釋掉，去掉這個功能，DBCA建庫，預設情況下是啟用的。

db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
--關閉快速恢復區
#db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area' 
--關閉快速恢復區，如果需要開啟的話，隨時可以通過修改引數來完成。
#db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
--註釋掉診斷的引數，資料庫建立好後，這個引數會自動啟用
#diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'                           
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
--undo表空間名稱，在建立資料庫時名稱要匹配上
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
--修改控制檔案的名字及位置
control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control1.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control2.ctl)
compatible ='11.2.0'


 4：根據pfile建立目錄adump目錄和控制檔案目錄


[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/prod/adump
[[email protected] ~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/PROD/
[[email protected] ~]$


 5：通過pfile建立spfile


--檢視已存在的pfile檔案initPROD.ora
[[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ ls
init.ora  initPROD.ora  orapwPROD
[[email protected] dbs]$ 
--驗證當前環境變數
[[email protected] dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
PROD
[[email protected] dbs]$ 
--通過pfile建立spfile
[[email protected] dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Feb 28 16:34:35 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance.


SQL> create spfile from pfile;


File created.


SQL> !ls
init.ora  initPROD.ora  orapwPROD  spfilePROD.ora


SQL>


 6：資料庫啟動到nomount（預設情況下，oracle會使用spfile啟動資料庫）


[[email protected] dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Feb 28 17:20:28 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance.


SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size                  2260088 bytes
Variable Size             671089544 bytes
Database Buffers          390070272 bytes
Redo Buffers                5517312 bytes
SQL> 
SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora
SQL> 
SQL> select status from v$instance;


STATUS
------------
STARTED


SQL>


 7：編寫建立資料庫指令碼
Oracle11g官方文件：
Administrator’s Guide->2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database->Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement
1)修改資料庫名稱及相關口令
2)由於是測試環境，所以，可以將日誌檔案改為1個成員，把成員大小改為10M
3)修改users表空間大小及undo表空間大小
4)修改undo表空間的名稱，要與pfile檔案中的名稱相同

CREATE DATABASE PROD
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo01a.log') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo02a.log') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo03a.log') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1              
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE                                 
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1                          
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

 8：建立資料庫（資料庫此時的狀態應該是nomount，直接在sqlplus下執行建立資料庫指令碼即可）

SQL> CREATE DATABASE PROD

  2     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  3     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
  4     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo01a.log') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  5             GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo02a.log') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  6             GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo03a.log') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512
  7      MAXLOGFILES 5
  8      MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  9      MAXLOGHISTORY 1
 10     MAXDATAFILES 100
 11     CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
 12     NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
 13     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
 14     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
 15     SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
 16     DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
 17     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf'
 18     SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 
 19     DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1              
 20     TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/temp01.dbf'
 21     SIZE 20M REUSE                                 
 22     UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1                          
 23     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf'
 24     SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Database created.

SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN

SQL> 

--檢視相關引數
SQL> show parameter control_files
NAME                 TYPE        VALUE
-------------------  ----------- ------------------------------
control_files     string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control1.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/ora_control2.ctl
SQL> show parameter undo  

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management                      string      AUTO
undo_retention                       integer     900
undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1
SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME            TYPE        VALUE
-------------   ---------    ------------------------------
spfile          string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora
SQL>

9：建立字典表及工具包

--必執行指令碼
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL> conn system/oracle
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
--可選指令碼
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb