題目: 二叉查詢樹迭代器

要求:

設計實現一個帶有下列屬性的二叉查詢樹的迭代器：

• 元素按照遞增的順序被訪問（比如中序遍歷）
• next()和hasNext()的詢問操作要求均攤時間複雜度是O(1)

樣例:

對於下列二叉查詢樹，使用迭代器進行中序遍歷的結果為 [1, 6, 10, 11, 12]

   10
 /    \
1      11
 \       \
  6       12

演算法要求:

額外空間複雜度是O(h)，其中h是這棵樹的高度

Super Star：使用O(1)的額外空間複雜度

解題思路:

直接用List來存，接著用List的Iterator

演算法如下:

/**
 * Definition of TreeNode:
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     public int val;
 *     public TreeNode left, right;
 *     public TreeNode(int val) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = this.right = null;
 *     }
 * }
 * Example of iterate a tree:
 * BSTIterator iterator = new BSTIterator(root);
 * while (iterator.hasNext()) {
 *    TreeNode node = iterator.next();
 *    do something for node
 * } 
 */
 



public class BSTIterator {
    private LinkedList<TreeNode> list;
    Iterator<TreeNode> it;

    /*
    * @param root: The root of binary tree.
    */
    public BSTIterator(TreeNode root) {
        // do intialization if necessary
        list = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack
 
 = new Stack();
        TreeNode temp = root;
        while (temp != null || !stack.empty()) {
            while (temp != null) {
                stack.add(temp);
                temp = temp.left;
            }
            temp = stack.pop();
            list.add(temp);
            temp = temp.right;
        }
        it = list.iterator();
    }

    /*
     * @return: True if there has next node, or false
     */
    public boolean hasNext() {
        // write your code here
        return it.hasNext();
    }

    /*
     * @return: return next node
     */
    public TreeNode next() {
        // write your code here
        return it.next();
    }
}