openwrt編譯進階
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-19
摘要： 這篇文章是Openwrt編譯的學習筆記包括（1）Openwrt基礎入門（2）Openwrt基礎進階（3）整合軟體
之前總喜歡在在寫文章之前寫一大段自己的光榮事蹟，後來發現看別人這樣寫的文章是一件很蛋疼的事，畢竟這是一篇技術類文章，不是小學生日記。
好吧，這次直接進入正題，抱歉，又寫了一段和本文內容無關的文字……
去年學校開始用H3C認證來限制我們上網，於是好奇心再次害死貓，本宮終於修成正果，誤入Openwrt這個大坑，折騰Openwrt有一年多了，到了回饋社會的時候了，這篇文章寫寫Openwrt編譯的一些高階配置（相對入門級編譯教程而言），以HG255D為例。
Openwrt基礎編譯
這類文章一手一大把，精簡的，詳細的（多半是廢話）都有，這裡就簡單的把一些指令寫下
編譯環境為Ubuntu
#升級元件包
sudo apt-get update
#安裝編譯需要的元件
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ binutils patch bzip2 flex bison make autoconf gettext texinfo unzip sharutils subversion libncurses5-dev ncurses-term zlib1g-dev git-core gawk asciidoc libz-dev sphinxsearch libtool sphinx-common libssl-dev libsqlite3* intltool libiconv* gstreamer-0.10 Openwrt編譯進階
其實按照上面的指令一路執行下來，你已經能夠在/bin/$target下找到刷機韌體了,是不是很簡單……
修改WIFI設定
package/kernel/mac80211/files/lib/wifi/mac80211.sh
config wifi-device radio$devidx
option type mac80211
option channel 11
option hwmode 11ng
option path '10180000.wmac'
option htmode HT20
list ht_capab GF
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-20
list ht_capab SHORT-GI-40
list ht_capab TX-STBC
list ht_capab RX-STBC12
# REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
option disabled 0
option noscan 1
option txpower 20
option htmode HT40-
config wifi-iface
option device radio$devidx
option network lan
option mode ap
#自定義SSID為MakeBlaze_MAC後六位
option ssid MakeBlaze_$(cat /sys/class/ieee80211/${dev}/macaddress|awk -F ":" '{print $4""$5""$6 }'| tr a-z A-Z)
option encryption none
修改LUCI
修改LUCI介面配置
feeds/luci/modules/base/root/etc/config/luci
config core main
option resourcebase '/luci-static/resources'
#設定預設語言
option lang 'zh_cn'
#設定預設主題
option mediaurlbase '/luci-static/bootstrap'
#設定可選擇的語言
config internal languages
option zh_cn 'chinese'
option en 'English'
#設定可選擇的主題
config internal themes
option Bootstrap '/luci-static/bootstrap'
新增釋放記憶體
feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/controller/admin/index.lua
function index()
+ entry({"admin", "Free_Memory"}, call("Free_Memory"), _("釋放記憶體"), 75)
end
function Free_Memory()
luci.util.exec("echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches")
luci.http.redirect(luci.dispatcher.build_url("admin", "status", "overview"))
end
在頂欄顯示重啟
feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/controller/admin/system.lua
function index()
entry({"admin", "reboot"}, call("action_reboot"), _("Reboot"), 90)
end
feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/view/admin_system/reboot.htm
在頂欄顯示備份/升級
feeds/luci/modules/admin-full/luasrc/controller/admin/system.lua
function index()
entry({"admin", "flashops"}, call("action_flashops"), _("Backup / Flash Firmware"), 70)
end
修改配置檔案
package/base-files/files/etc/
在這個目錄裡，你可以把你的備份的路由器匯入進來
修改root密碼
package/base-files/files/etc/shadow
#預設情況下root是沒有密碼的，需設定密碼才能開啟ssh
root:$1$wEehtjxj$YBu4quNfVUjzfv8p/PBo5.:0:0:99999:7:::
修改路由連線數
package/base-files/files/etc/sysctl.conf
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=65535
修改主機名，設定時區
package/base-files/files/etc/config/system
config system
#設定主機名
option hostname 'MakeBlaze'
option conloglevel '8'
option cronloglevel '8'
#設定時區
option zonename 'Asia/Shanghai'
option timezone 'CST-8'
#設定時間伺服器
config timeserver 'ntp'
option enable_server '1'
list server '210.72.145.44'
list server 's1a.time.edu.cn'
list server 's1b.time.edu.cn'
list server '202.120.2.101'
config led 'usb_led'
option name 'USB'
option sysfs 'hg255d:usb'
option trigger 'usbdev'
option dev '1-1'
option interval '50'
config led 'wlan_led'
option name 'WLAN'
option sysfs 'hg255d:wlan'
option trigger 'netdev'
option dev 'ra0'
option mode 'link tx'
config led 'internet_led'
option name 'INTERNET'
option sysfs 'hg255d:internet'
option trigger 'netdev'
option dev 'eth0.2'
option mode 'tx rx'
SAMBA免密碼訪問
package/base-files/files/etc/config/samba
config samba
#顯示中文
option charset 'gb2312'
config sambashare
option read_only 'no'
option guest_ok 'yes'
option create_mask '0777'
option dir_mask '0777'
option display charset
package/base-files/files/etc/samba/smb.conf.template
[global]
netbios name = |NAME|
display charset = |CHARSET|
interfaces = |INTERFACES|
server string = |DESCRIPTION|
unix charset = |CHARSET|
workgroup = |WORKGROUP|
browseable = yes
deadtime = 30
domain master = yes
encrypt passwords = true
enable core files = no
guest account = root
guest ok = yes
#invalid users = root
local master = yes
load printers = no
map to guest = Bad User
max protocol = SMB2
min receivefile size = 16384
null passwords = yes
obey pam restrictions = yes
os level = 20
passdb backend = smbpasswd
preferred master = yes
printable = no
security = share
smb encrypt = disabled
#smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd
socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY
syslog = 2
use sendfile = yes
writeable = yes
整合軟體
新增aria2，luci新增，web管理介面
aria2 http://sourceforge.net/projects/aria2/files/stable/
#aria2的依賴安裝
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libcppunit-dev autopoint openssl libtool sphinx-common sphinxsearch libgcrypt11-dev
#下載aria2原始碼
cd dl
sudo apt-get install wget
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/aria2/files/stable/aria2-1.18.7/aria2-1.18.7.tar.bz2
#獲取md5碼
md5sum aria2-1.18.7.tar.bz2
#新增luci-aria2
這裡用的是南浦月的luci-app-aira2和webui-aria2OpenWrt-Extra https://github.com/nanpuyue/openwrt-extra
在feeds.conf.default中新增`src-git extra git://github.com/nanpuyue/openwrt-extra.git`
./scripts/feeds update -a
./scripts/feeds install -a
在make menuconfig中選中aria2，luci-app-aira2和webui-aria2就可以了
新增將自己開發的程式
在package下建立一個資料夾，以自己的專案命名，裡邊包括一個files資料夾和一個Makefile檔案
目錄結構
<ccnu>
├Makefile
├<files>
│ ├<etc>
│ │ ├<config>
│ │ │ └ccnu
│ │ ├<init.d>
│ │ │ └ccnu
│ ├<usr>
│ │ ├<lib>
│ │ │ ├<lua>
│ │ │ │ ├<luci>
│ │ │ │ │ ├<controller>
│ │ │ │ │ │ └ccnu.lua
│ │ │ │ │ ├<model>
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├<cbi>
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └ccnu.lua
│ │ ├<sbin>
│ │ │ └ccnu
package/ccnu/Makefile
include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
PKG_NAME:=ccnu
PKG_VERSION:=2.0.1
PKG_RELEASE:=1
PKG_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk
define Package/ccnu
SECTION:=utils
CATEGORY:=Utilities
SUBMENU:=H3C inode
TITLE:= iNode Compatible Client for CCNU
DEPENDS:=+libc +libgcc
MAINTAINER:= RiceLyn <fjkfwz@gmail.com>
endef
define Package/ccnu/description
iNode Compatible Client for CCNU
endef
define Build/Prepare
endef
define Build/Configure
endef
define Build/Compile
endef
define Package/ccnu/install
$(CP) ./files/* $(1)/
endef
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,ccnu))
之後./scripts/feeds install -a,ccnu就會出現在Utilities -> H3C inode裡啦
這裡先做一個簡單的程式，以後會寫文章詳細介紹。
HG255D個性化配置
開啟HG255D編譯
/target/linux/ramips/image/Makefile去除HG255D前的#
Image/Build/Profile/HG255D=$(call BuildFirmware/Default16M/$(1),$(1),hg255d,HG255D)
$(call Image/Build/Profile/HG255D,$(1))
make menuconfig配置
#選擇編譯物件
Target System (Ralink RT288x/RT3xxx) —>
Subtarget (RT3x5x/RT5350 based boards) —>
Target Profile (HuaWei HG255D) —>
#新增USB掛載
Base system —> <*>block-mount
#新增硬碟格式支援
Kernel modules —> Filesystems —> <*> kmod-fs-ext4 (行動硬碟EXT4格式選擇)
Kernel modules —> Filesystems —> <*> kmod-fs-vfat(FAT16 / FAT32 格式 選擇)
Kernel modules —> Filesystems —> <*> kmod-fs-ntfs (NTFS 格式 選擇)
#新增USB相關支援
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-core.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-ohci.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-storage.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb-storage-extras.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb2.
Kernel modules —> USB Support —> <*> kmod-usb3.
#新增自動掛載工具
Utilities —> Filesystem —> <*> badblocks
#新增UTF8編碼,CP437編碼，ISO8859-1編碼
Kernel modules —> Native Language Support —> <*> kmod-nls-cp437
Kernel modules —> Native Language Support —> <*> kmod-nls-iso8859-1
Kernel modules —> Native Language Support —> <*> kmod-nls-utf8
#新增SCSI支援
Kernel modules —> Block Devices —> <*>kmod-scsi-core
#新增LED支援
LED modules —>
< *> kmod-ledtrig-usbdev…………………………. LED USB device Trigger
#新增luci
LuCI ->Collections -> <*> luci
#新增luci的中文語言包
LuCI ->Translations -> <*> luci-i18n-chinese
#新增luci應用
LuCI ->Applications —> <*> luci-app-aria2……………………………… LuCI Support for aria2
LuCI ->Applications —> <*> luci-app-ddns……………………… Dynamic DNS configuration module
LuCI ->Applications —> <*> luci-app-samba……………….. Network Shares – Samba SMB/CIFS module
LuCI ->Applications —> <*> luci-app-transmission…………………. LuCI Support for Transmission
開啟POWER LED狀態指示燈
target\linux\ramips\base-files\etc\diag.sh
get_status_led() {
case $(ramips_board_name) in
+ hg255d)
+ status_led="hg255d:power"
+ ;;
使用RA-MOD軟體源
RA-MOD https://github.com/ravageralpha/my_openwrt_mod
feeds.conf.default
src-git ramod git://github.com/ravageralpha/my_openwrt_mod.git
#src-git luci http://git.openwrt.org/project/luci.git
./scripts/feeds clean
./scripts/update -a
./scripts/install -a
新增自動掛載指令碼
/package/base-files/files/etc/gotplug/block/30-block_mount
#!/bin/sh
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Filename: 30-block_mount
# Revision: 0.5.1
# Data: Jul. 7, 2014
# Email: [email protected]
# Contacts: QQ/TM 389191 or mail address above
# Licensing: General Public License v2
# Description: Created for automatic mount block devices on OpenWRT
# Usage: Put this script into directory /etc/hotplug.d/block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
## Global settings of auto-mount script ##
# Turn on|off auto-mount function for disk volumes
VOL_ENABLED=1 # <0|1 0-Disable, 1-Enable>
# Turn on|off auto-mount function for sawp partition
SWAP_ENABLED=1 # <0|1 0-Disable, 1-Enable>
# Set which method you want to name the mounted volumes
USE_VLABEL=1 # <0|1 0-Use device name, 1-Use volume label> Eg. /mnt/sda1 | /mnt/DataDisk
#
# Note that if you choose name mount point by volume label but the volume's label is empty,
# the volume will be named to 'volume_$PARTUUID', such as the /mnt/volume_31173116-01
# Also, if exist more than one device which have the same volume label, it will be renamed
# as the original name + sequence number, such as the /mnt/DataDisk_n (n=1,2,3..9)
# Show filesystem type as the prefix of mount point, requires set USE_VLABEL=1
FSTYPE_IN_VLABEL=1 # <0|1 0-Disable, 1-Enable> Eg. /mnt/[ntfs]-DataDisk
# Set access the mounted device with read-write or read-only permission
FS_READONLY=0 # <0|1 0-Read Write, 1-Read Only>
# Exclusion list of auto-mount function
# Allows mixing the device name, volume label and UUID, each item must be separated by space(s)
# Eg. EXCLUDE_LIST="sda1 DataDisk f32b2ea6-4d42-43a5-bcec-7d818a163d07"
EXCLUDE_LIST="" # Default: empty string
# Specify a directory for mounts
MOUNTS_PATH="/mnt" # Default: /mnt , don't need include the trailing slash (/)
# Define the add-ons scripts directory for automatic execute
ADDSH_PATH="/etc/hotplug.d/user" # Script naming rule: [0-9][0-9]-xxxxx, Eg. 20-backup-sdcard
## End of global settings ##
# Purge the directory MOUNTS_PATH
purge_mnts()
{
local i RETVAL
[ -d $MOUNTS_PATH ] || return 1
for i in $MOUNTS_PATH/* ; do
if [ -d $i ] ; then
if [ -z "`ls -A $i 2>&-`" ] ; then
`grep -qs "$i" /proc/mounts` || { rm -rf $i 2>/dev/null; RETVAL=$?; }
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Unused mount point $i was removed"
[ "$CLI" = "yes" ] && echo "[Notice] Unused mount point '$i' was removed"
else
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Remove unused mount point $i failed"
[ "$CLI" = "yes" ] && echo "[Error] Remove unused mount point $i failed"
fi
fi
fi
done
}
# Unmount all block device
umountall()
{
local i MOUNTS
MOUNTS=`grep -os '^/dev/sd[a-z][1-9]' /proc/mounts`
for i in $MOUNTS ; do
umount -f $i
[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "[Notice] Device $i unmounted" | tee /proc/self/fd/2 | logger -t Auto-Mount
done
purge_mnts
}
# Detect blkid exists
BLKID=`which blkid`
if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Unable to mount block devices automatically because 'blkid' does not exist"
exit 1
fi
MOUNTS_PATH=${MOUNTS_PATH%/}
[ -z "$ACTION" ] && ACTION=${1##*-}
[ -n "$DEVICENAME" ] && DEV=$DEVICENAME || DEV=$2
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Debug] action='$ACTION' devicename='$DEV'"
case "$ACTION" in
add)
[ -z "$DEV" ] && { logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Missing required arguments: \$devicename"; exit 1; }
if [ -n "$EXCLUDE_LIST" ] ; then
UUID=`$BLKID -s UUID /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
VLABEL=`$BLKID -d -s LABEL /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
for i in $EXCLUDE_LIST ; do
ignore=0
if `echo "$i" | grep -qs '^sd[a-z][1-9]$'` ; then # is device name
[ $i = $DEV ] && ignore=1
elif `echo "$i" | grep -Eiqs '^[0-9a-f]{8}(-[0-9a-f]{4}){3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$'` ; then # is UUID
[ $i = $UUID ] && ignore=1
else # as volume label
[ $i = $VLABEL ] && ignore=1
fi
[ $ignore -eq 1 ] && { logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Device $DEV is ignored because it in exclusion list"; exit 0; }
done
fi
if `echo "$DEV" | grep -qs '^sd[a-z][1-9]$'` ; then
[ -z "$VLABEL" ] && VLABEL=`$BLKID -d -s LABEL /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
[ -z "$VLABEL" ] && VLABEL="unknown"
FSTYPE=`$BLKID -s TYPE /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Debug] devicename='$DEV' volume_label='$VLABEL' fstype='$FSTYPE'"
MCMD="" # set default value
[ $FS_READONLY -eq 1 ] && acs="ro" || acs="rw"
case "$FSTYPE" in
ext[234])
if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ${acs},noatime"
fi
;;
xfs|reiserfs)
if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ${acs},noatime"
fi
;;
iso9660|udf)
if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ro"
fi ;;
vfat|msdos)
if `grep -vs '^nodev' /proc/filesystems | grep -qs "$FSTYPE"` ; then
MCMD="mount -t $FSTYPE -o ${acs},codepage=936,umask=000" #iocharset=utf8
fi
;;
exfat)
if `grep -Eqs '^[[:space:]]+fuseblk$' /proc/filesystems` && `which mount.exfat >/dev/null` ; then
MCMD="mount.exfat -o ${acs},iocharset=cp936,umask=000"
fi
;;
ntfs)
if `grep -Eqs '^[[:space:]]+fuseblk$' /proc/filesystems` && `which mount.ntfs-3g >/dev/null` ; then
MCMD="mount -t ntfs-3g -o ${acs},noatime,big_writes,async,umask=000"
fi
;;
swap)
[ $SWAP_ENABLED -ne 1 ] && exit 0
if [ `grep -vs '^Filename' /proc/swaps | wc -l` -eq 0 ] ; then
MCMD="swapon /dev/$DEV"
fi
;;
*)
MCMD=""
;;
esac
[ $VOL_ENABLED -ne 1 ] && exit 0
if [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] ; then
MOPT=""
elif [ $FSTYPE = "iso9660" -o $FSTYPE = "udf" ] ; then
CDROM="cdrom"
if `grep -qs "$MOUNTS_PATH/$CDROM " /proc/mounts` ; then
SUFFIX=1
while `grep -qs "$MOUNTS_PATH/$CDROM " /proc/mounts` ; do
[ $SUFFIX -lt 10 ] && CDROM="${CDROM%_*}_$SUFFIX" || { CDROM="${CDROM%_*}_99"; break; }
let SUFFIX++
done
fi
MPOINT=$CDROM
else
if [ $USE_VLABEL -eq 1 ] ; then
if [ $VLABEL = "unknown" ] ; then
PARTUUID=`$BLKID -s PARTUUID /dev/$DEV | awk -F '=' '{print $NF}' | tr -d '"| '`
[ -z "$PARTUUID" ] && PARTUUID=`cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid | cut -f1 -d'-'`
VLABEL="volume_${PARTUUID}"
elif `grep -qis "$MOUNTS_PATH/$VLABEL " /proc/mounts` ; then
SUFFIX=1
while `grep -qis "$MOUNTS_PATH/$VLABEL " /proc/mounts` ; do
if [ $SUFFIX -lt 10 ] ; then
VLABEL="$(echo "$VLABEL" | sed 's/_[0-9]\+$//')_$SUFFIX"
let SUFFIX++
else
VLABEL="$(echo "$VLABEL" | sed 's/_[0-9]\+$//')_99"
break
fi
done
fi
[ $FSTYPE_IN_VLABEL -eq 1 ] && MPOINT="[${FSTYPE}]-${VLABEL}" || MPOINT=$VLABEL
else
MPOINT=$DEV
fi
MOPT="/dev/$DEV $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT"
fi
if [ -n "$MCMD" ] ; then
if ! `grep -qs '/dev/$DEV' /proc/mounts` ; then
[ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] || { [ -d $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT ] || mkdir -p $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT; }
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Debug] MountCMD='$MCMD $MOPT'"
# echo "[Debug] MountCMD='$MCMD $MOPT'" >> /tmp/auto-mount-debug
$MCMD $MOPT
RETVAL=$?
if [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] ; then
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Swap device /dev/$DEV turned on"
fi
else
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] ; then
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Block device /dev/$DEV mounted on $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT"
else
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Warning] Re-try mount the block device /dev/$DEV after 2 seconds..."
sleep 2
$MCMD $MOPT
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Block device /dev/$DEV mounted on $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT"
else
rm -rf $MOUNTS_PATH/$MPOINT 2>/dev/null
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Mount block device /dev/$DEV encounters an error"
exit 1
fi
fi
fi
fi
else
if [ $FSTYPE = "swap" ] ; then
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Swap device /dev/$DEV was ignored"
else
logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Unsupported filesystem '$FSTYPE' on /dev/$DEV"
fi
fi
unset MCMD
fi
purge_mnts
;;
remove)
[ -z "$DEV" ] && { logger -t Auto-Mount "[Error] Missing required arguments: \$devicename"; exit 1; }
if `echo "$DEV" | grep -qs '^sd[a-z][1-9]$'` ; then
if `grep -qs '/dev/$DEV' /proc/mounts` ; then
MPATH=`awk -F ' ' '/\/dev\/'"$DEV"'/ {print $2}' /proc/mounts 2>/dev/null`
umount /dev/$DEV
[ $? -eq 0 ] && logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Block device $DEV unmounted"
[ -d "$MPATH" ] && rm -rf $MPATH 2>/dev/null
fi
if `grep -qs '/dev/$DEV' /proc/swaps` ; then
swapoff $DEV
[ $? -eq 0 ] && logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] Swap device $DEV turned off"
fi
fi
purge_mnts
;;
umountall)
CLI="yes"
umountall
;;
purge)
CLI="yes"
purge_mnts
;;
*)
echo "[Error] ** Invalid action arguments: $ACTION" | tee /proc/self/fd/2 | logger -t Auto-Mount
;;
esac
## Execute the add-ons script
# ADDSH_PATH="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"; cd ..; pwd)/user"
if [ -n "`ls -A $ADDSH_PATH 2>&-`" ]; then
i=0
for addsh in ${ADDSH_PATH}/[0-9][0-9]-* ; do
[ $i -eq 0 ] && logger -t Auto-Mount "[Notice] -- Execute additional scripts ..."
logger -t Hotplug-Debug "-- Exec script - $addsh"
sh $addsh $ACTION $DEV
let i++
done
fi
# Script EOF