1. 程式人生 > >基於 abp vNext 和 .NET Core 開發部落格專案 - 資料訪問和程式碼優先

基於 abp vNext 和 .NET Core 開發部落格專案 - 資料訪問和程式碼優先

上一篇文章(https://www.cnblogs.com/meowv/p/12909558.html)完善了專案中的程式碼,接入了Swagger。本篇主要使用Entity Framework Core完成對資料庫的訪問,以及使用Code-First的方式進行資料遷移,自動建立表結構。 ## 資料訪問 在`.EntityFrameworkCore`專案中新增我們的資料訪問上下文物件`MeowvBlogDbContext`,繼承自 `AbpDbContext`。然後重寫`OnModelCreating`方法。 `OnModelCreating`:定義EF Core 實體對映。先呼叫 `base.OnModelCreating` 讓 abp 框架為我們實現基礎對映,然後呼叫`builder.Configure()`擴充套件方法來配置應用程式的實體。當然也可以不用擴充套件,直接寫在裡面,這樣一大坨顯得不好看而已。 在abp框架中,可以使用 `[ConnectionStringName]` Attribute 為我們的DbContext配置連線字串名稱。先加上,然後再在`appsettings.json`中進行配置,因為之前集成了多個數據庫,所以這裡我們也配置多個連線字串,與之對應。 本專案預設採用MySql,你可以選擇任意你喜歡的。 ```CSharp //MeowvBlogDbContext.cs using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Volo.Abp.Data; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore { [ConnectionStringName("MySql")] public class MeowvBlogDbContext : AbpDbContext { public MeowvBlogDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options) { } protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) { base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); modelBuilder.Configure(); } } } ``` ```json //appsettings.json { "ConnectionStrings": { "Enable": "MySQL", "MySql": "Server=localhost;User Id=root;Password=123456;Database=meowv_blog_tutorial", "SqlServer": "", "PostgreSql": "", "Sqlite": "" } } ``` 然後新建我們的擴充套件類`MeowvBlogDbContextModelCreatingExtensions.cs`和擴充套件方法`Configure()`。注意,擴充套件方法是靜態的,需加`static` ```CSharp //MeowvBlogDbContextModelCreatingExtensions.cs using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Volo.Abp; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore { public static class MeowvBlogDbContextModelCreatingExtensions { public static void Configure(this ModelBuilder builder) { Check.NotNull(builder, nameof(builder)); ... } } } ``` 完成上述操作後在我們的模組類`MeowvBlogFrameworkCoreModule`中將DbContext註冊到依賴注入,根據你配置的值使用不同的資料庫。在`.Domain`層建立配置檔案訪問類`AppSettings.cs` ```CSharp //AppSettings.cs using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using System.IO; namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Configurations { /// /// appsettings.json配置檔案資料讀取類 ///
public class AppSettings { /// /// 配置檔案的根節點 /// private static readonly IConfigurationRoot _config; /// /// Constructor /// static AppSettings() { // 載入appsettings.json,並構建IConfigurationRoot var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder().SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()) .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true, true); _config = builder.Build(); } /// /// EnableDb ///
public static string EnableDb => _config["ConnectionStrings:Enable"]; /// /// ConnectionStrings /// public static string ConnectionStrings => _config.GetConnectionString(EnableDb); } } ``` 獲取配置檔案內容比較容易,程式碼中有註釋也很容易理解。 值得一提的是,ABP會自動為DbContext中的實體建立預設倉儲. 需要在註冊的時使用options新增`AddDefaultRepositories()`。 預設情況下為每個實體建立一個倉儲,如果想要為其他實體也建立倉儲,可以將 `includeAllEntities` 設定為 true,然後就可以在服務中注入和使用 `IRepository` 或 `IQueryableRepository` ```CSharp //MeowvBlogFrameworkCoreModule.cs using Meowv.Blog.Domain; using Meowv.Blog.Domain.Configurations; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.MySQL; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSql; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer; using Volo.Abp.Modularity; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore { [DependsOn( typeof(MeowvBlogDomainModule), typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCoreModule), typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCoreMySQLModule), typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCoreSqlServerModule), typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCorePostgreSqlModule), typeof(AbpEntityFrameworkCoreSqliteModule) )] public class MeowvBlogFrameworkCoreModule : AbpModule { public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context) { context.Services.AddAbpDbContext(options => { options.AddDefaultRepositories(includeAllEntities: true); }); Configure(options => { switch (AppSettings.EnableDb) { case "MySQL": options.UseMySQL(); break; case "SqlServer": options.UseSqlServer(); break; case "PostgreSql": options.UsePostgreSql(); break; case "Sqlite": options.UseSqlite(); break; default: options.UseMySQL(); break; } }); } } } ``` 現在可以來初步設計部落格所需表為:發表文章表(posts)、分類表(categories)、標籤表(tags)、文章對應標籤表(post_tags)、友情連結表(friendlinks) 在`.Domain`層編寫實體類,Post.cs、Category.cs、Tag.cs、PostTag.cs、FriendLink.cs。把主鍵設定為int型,直接繼承Entity。關於這點可以參考ABP文件,https://docs.abp.io/zh-Hans/abp/latest/Entities
點選檢視程式碼
```CSharp //Post.cs using System; using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities; namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Blog { /// /// Post /// public class Post : Entity { /// /// 標題 /// public string Title { get; set; } /// /// 作者 /// public string Author { get; set; } /// /// 連結 /// public string Url { get; set; } /// /// HTML /// public string Html { get; set; } /// /// Markdown /// public string Markdown { get; set; } /// /// 分類Id /// public int CategoryId { get; set; } /// /// 建立時間 /// public DateTime CreationTime { get; set; } } } ``` ```CSharp //Category.cs using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities; namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Blog { /// /// Category /// public class Category : Entity { /// /// 分類名稱 /// public string CategoryName { get; set; } /// /// 展示名稱 /// public string DisplayName { get; set; } } } ``` ```CSharp //Tag.cs using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities; namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Blog { /// /// Tag /// public class Tag : Entity { /// /// 標籤名稱 /// public string TagName { get; set; } /// /// 展示名稱 /// public string DisplayName { get; set; } } } ``` ```CSharp //PostTag.cs using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities; namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Blog { /// /// PostTag /// public class PostTag : Entity { /// /// 文章Id /// public int PostId { get; set; } /// /// 標籤Id /// public int TagId { get; set; } } } ``` ```CSharp //FriendLink.cs using Volo.Abp.Domain.Entities; namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Blog { /// /// FriendLink /// public class FriendLink : Entity { /// /// 標題 /// public string Title { get; set; } /// /// 連結 /// public string LinkUrl { get; set; } } } ```
建立好實體類後,在`MeowvBlogDbContext`新增DbSet屬性 ```CSharp //MeowvBlogDbContext.cs ... [ConnectionStringName("MySql")] public class MeowvBlogDbContext : AbpDbContext { public DbSet Posts { get; set; } public DbSet Categories { get; set; } public DbSet Tags { get; set; } public DbSet PostTags { get; set; } public DbSet FriendLinks { get; set; } ... } ... ``` 在`.Domain.Shared`層新增全域性常量類`MeowvBlogConsts.cs`和表名常量類`MeowvBlogDbConsts.cs`,搞一個表字首的常量,我這裡寫的是`meowv_`,大家可以隨意。代表我們的表名都將以`meowv_`開頭。然後在`MeowvBlogDbConsts`中將表名稱定義好。 ```CSharp //MeowvBlogConsts.cs namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Shared { /// /// 全域性常量 /// public class MeowvBlogConsts { /// /// 資料庫表字首 /// public const string DbTablePrefix = "meowv_"; } } ``` ```CSharp //MeowvBlogDbConsts.cs namespace Meowv.Blog.Domain.Shared { public class MeowvBlogDbConsts { public static class DbTableName { public const string Posts = "Posts"; public const string Categories = "Categories"; public const string Tags = "Tags"; public const string PostTags = "Post_Tags"; public const string Friendlinks = "Friendlinks"; } } } ``` 在`Configure()`方法中配置表模型,包括表名、欄位型別和長度等資訊。對於下面程式碼不是很明白的可以看看微軟的自定義 Code First 約定:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/ef/ef6/modeling/code-first/conventions/custom ```CSharp //MeowvBlogDbContextModelCreatingExtensions.cs using Meowv.Blog.Domain.Blog; using Meowv.Blog.Domain.Shared; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Volo.Abp; using static Meowv.Blog.Domain.Shared.MeowvBlogDbConsts; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore { public static class MeowvBlogDbContextModelCreatingExtensions { public static void Configure(this ModelBuilder builder) { Check.NotNull(builder, nameof(builder)); builder.Entity(b => { b.ToTable(MeowvBlogConsts.DbTablePrefix + DbTableName.Posts); b.HasKey(x => x.Id); b.Property(x => x.Title).HasMaxLength(200).IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.Author).HasMaxLength(10); b.Property(x => x.Url).HasMaxLength(100).IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.Html).HasColumnType("longtext").IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.Markdown).HasColumnType("longtext").IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.CategoryId).HasColumnType("int"); b.Property(x => x.CreationTime).HasColumnType("datetime"); }); builder.Entity(b => { b.ToTable(MeowvBlogConsts.DbTablePrefix + DbTableName.Categories); b.HasKey(x => x.Id); b.Property(x => x.CategoryName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.DisplayName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); }); builder.Entity(b => { b.ToTable(MeowvBlogConsts.DbTablePrefix + DbTableName.Tags); b.HasKey(x => x.Id); b.Property(x => x.TagName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.DisplayName).HasMaxLength(50).IsRequired(); }); builder.Entity(b => { b.ToTable(MeowvBlogConsts.DbTablePrefix + DbTableName.PostTags); b.HasKey(x => x.Id); b.Property(x => x.PostId).HasColumnType("int").IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.TagId).HasColumnType("int").IsRequired(); }); builder.Entity(b => { b.ToTable(MeowvBlogConsts.DbTablePrefix + DbTableName.Friendlinks); b.HasKey(x => x.Id); b.Property(x => x.Title).HasMaxLength(20).IsRequired(); b.Property(x => x.LinkUrl).HasMaxLength(100).IsRequired(); }); } } } ``` 此時專案層級目錄如下 ![1](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/891843/202005/891843-20200518222720250-371775560.png) ## 程式碼優先 在`.EntityFrameworkCore.DbMigrations`中新建模組類`MeowvBlogEntityFrameworkCoreDbMigrationsModule.cs`、資料遷移上下文訪問物件`MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext.cs`和一個Design Time Db Factory類`MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContextFactory.cs` 模組類依賴`MeowvBlogFrameworkCoreModule`模組和`AbpModule`。並在`ConfigureServices`方法中新增上下文的依賴注入。 ```CSharp //MeowvBlogEntityFrameworkCoreDbMigrationsModule.cs using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; using Volo.Abp.Modularity; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore.DbMigrations.EntityFrameworkCore { [DependsOn( typeof(MeowvBlogFrameworkCoreModule) )] public class MeowvBlogEntityFrameworkCoreDbMigrationsModule : AbpModule { public override void ConfigureServices(ServiceConfigurationContext context) { context.Services.AddAbpDbContext(); } } } ``` `MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext`和`MeowvBlogDbContext`沒什麼大的區別 ```CSharp //MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext.cs using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Volo.Abp.EntityFrameworkCore; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore.DbMigrations.EntityFrameworkCore { public class MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext : AbpDbContext { public MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options) { } protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder) { base.OnModelCreating(builder); builder.Configure(); } } } ``` `MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContextFactory`類主要是用來使用Code-First命令的(`Add-Migration` 和 `Update-Database` ...) 需要注意的地方,我們在這裡要單獨設定配置檔案的連線字串,將`.HttpApi.Hosting`層的`appsettings.json`複製一份到`.EntityFrameworkCore.DbMigrations`,你用了什麼資料庫就配置什麼資料庫的連線字串。 ```json //appsettings.json { "ConnectionStrings": { "Default": "Server=localhost;User Id=root;Password=123456;Database=meowv_blog" } } ``` ```CSharp //MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContextFactory.cs using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using System.IO; namespace Meowv.Blog.EntityFrameworkCore.DbMigrations.EntityFrameworkCore { public class MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory { public MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext CreateDbContext(string[] args) { var configuration = BuildConfiguration(); var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder() .UseMySql(configuration.GetConnectionString("Default")); return new MeowvBlogMigrationsDbContext(builder.Options); } private static IConfigurationRoot BuildConfiguration() { var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder() .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()) .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true); return builder.Build(); } } } ``` 到這裡差不多就結束了,預設資料庫`meowv_blog_tutorial`是不存在的,先去建立一個空的資料庫。 ![2](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/891843/202005/891843-20200518224704263-241593676.png) 然後在Visual Studio中開啟程式包管理控制檯,將`.EntityFrameworkCore.DbMigrations`設為啟動專案。 ![3](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/891843/202005/891843-20200518224833467-1959921804.png) 鍵入命令:`Add-Migration Initial`,會發現報錯啦,錯誤資訊如下: ``` Add-Migration : 無法將“Add-Migration”項識別為 cmdlet、函式、指令碼檔案或可執行程式的名稱。請檢查名稱的拼寫,如果包括路徑,請確保路徑正確,然後再試一次。 所在位置 行:1 字元: 1 + Add-Migration Initial + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : ObjectNotFound: (Add-Migration:String) [], CommandNotFoundException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException ``` 這是因為我們少添加了一個包,要使用程式碼優先方式遷移資料,必須新增,`Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools`。 緊接著直接用命令安裝`Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools`包,再試一遍 ![4](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/891843/202005/891843-20200518225618304-1296718119.png) 可以看到已經成功,並且生成了一個Migrations資料夾和對應的資料遷移檔案 最後輸入更新命令:`Update-Database`,然後開啟資料瞅瞅。 ![5](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/891843/202005/891843-20200518230144006-254504217.png) 完美,成功建立了資料庫表,而且命名也是我們想要的,欄位型別也是ok的。`__efmigrationshistory`表是用來記錄遷移歷史的,這個可以不用管。當我們後續如果想要修改新增表字段,新增表的時候,都可以使用這種方式來完成。 解決方案層級目錄圖,供參考 ![6](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/891843/202005/891843-20200518231410716-1109583030.png) 本篇使用Entity Framework Core完成資料訪問和程式碼優先的方式建立資料庫表,你學會了嗎?