使用docker安裝nginx並配置埠轉發
使用docker安裝並執行nginx命令：
docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx
使用命令：
docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 進入容器可檢視到幾個重要的檔案
配置檔案：nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
日誌檔案： /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log
使用cat命令開啟nginx.conf
1 root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
2
3 user nginx;
4 worker_processes 1;
5
6 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
7 pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
8
9
10 events {
11 worker_connections 1024;
12 }
13
14
15 http {
16 include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
17 default_type application/octet-stream;
18
19 log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
20 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
21 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
22
23 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
24
25 sendfile on;
26 #tcp_nopush on;
27
28 keepalive_timeout 65;
29
30 #gzip on;
31
32 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
33 }
34 root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#發現第32行，配置了一個子配置檔案，進入conf.d發現有一個default.conf檔案
開啟default.conf檔案：
1 root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf
2 server {
3 listen 80;
4 listen [::]:80;
5 server_name localhost;
6
7 #charset koi8-r;
8 #access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
9
10 location / {
11 root /usr/share/nginx/html;
12 index index.html index.htm;
13 }
14
15 #error_page 404 /404.html;
16
17 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
18 #
19 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
20 location = /50x.html {
21 root /usr/share/nginx/html;
22 }
23
24 # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
25 #
26 #location ~ \.php$ {
27 # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
28 #}
29
30 # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
31 #
32 #location ~ \.php$ {
33 # root html;
34 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
35 # fastcgi_index index.php;
36 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
37 # include fastcgi_params;
38 #}
39
40 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
41 # concurs with nginx's one
42 #
43 #location ~ /\.ht {
44 # deny all;
45 #}
46 }
47
48 root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# 在瀏覽器中輸入:http://192.168.11.241
從default.conf中11行可以看出，index頁面在/usr/share/nginx/html
現在，我們配置一下容器卷：
docker rm -f nginx 刪除一下之前的容器
再次執行比較完整的命令：
1 docker run \ 2 --restart=always \ 3 --name nginx \ 4 -d -p 80:80 \ 5 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \ 6 -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ 7 -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \ 8 -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \ 9 nginx
這裡有幾個注意事項：
（1）第一個“-v”，是專案位置，把html程式碼放到掛載到的目錄下即可；
（2）第二個“-v”，是掛載的主配置檔案"nginx.conf"，注意"nginx.conf"檔案內有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;"，
這個include指向了子配置檔案的路徑，此處注意include後所跟的路徑一定不要出錯。
（3）第三個“-v”，把docker內子配置檔案的路徑也掛載了出來，注意要與（2）中include指向路徑一致
（4）重點強調一下，nginx.conf是掛載了一個檔案（docker是不推薦這樣用的），conf.d掛載的是一個目錄
我們先啟動一下，可以發現是有問題的，因為配置檔案還沒有。
[root@zuul-server data]# docker run --name nginx -d -p 80:80 -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx nginx c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434 docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused \"rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \\\"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" to rootfs \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\\\" at \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" caused \\\"not a directory\\\"\"": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.
很明顯，報錯了，容器也沒有啟動成功，怎麼解決了？
解決辦法：
1 進入/data/nginx目錄，
2 刪除nginx.conf資料夾 rm -rf nginx.conf
3 新建nginx.conf檔案 touch nginx.conf
4 然後把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的內容放入到nginx.conf
5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ，touch default.conf,把之前 cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的內容放入到新建的default.conf中。
最後 docker restart nginx 搞定。
需要配置一個埠轉發功能，業務需求是：以http://192.168.11/241/mp開頭的請求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上，
剛開始把 proxy_pass 對應的路徑寫成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/；導致報404錯誤，原因很簡單，nginx運作在容器裡面，肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪費了我一點點時間，一時沒轉過彎來。
1 server {
2 listen 80;
3 server_name localhost;
4
5 #charset koi8-r;
6 #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
7
8 location / {
9 #root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web;
10 #root /usr/nginx/html;
11 root /usr/share/nginx/html;
12 index index.html index.htm;
13 autoindex on;
14 # try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;
15 # try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;
16 }
17
18 location /mp {
19 proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/;
20
21 }
22
23
24 #error_page 404 /404.html;
25
26 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
27 #
28 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
29 location = /50x.html {
30 root /usr/share/nginx/html;
31 }
32
33 # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
34 #
35 #location ~ \.php$ {
36 # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
37 #}
38
39 # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
40 #
41 #location ~ \.php$ {
42 # root html;
43 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
44 # fastcgi_index index.php;
45 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
46 # include fastcgi_params;
47 #}
48
49 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
50 # concurs with nginx's one
51 #
52 #location ~ /\.ht {
53 # deny all;
54 #}
55 }
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