計算機組裝和維護_如何構建自己的計算機，第二部分：組裝在一起
計算機組裝和維護
So you’ve selected your parts, double- and triple-checked their compatibility, and waited for economy shipping to bring them all to your door. It’s time to get to the fun part: putting them all together.
因此，您已經選擇了零件，對它們的相容性進行了三重檢查，然後等待經濟運輸將它們全部帶到您家。 是時候開始有趣的部分了：將它們放在一起。
Before you start, you’ll want to set up a good work area. Get some kind of table with plenty of room and light, preferably somewhere that isn’t carpeted. And you’ll need some time: a couple of hours, maybe more if this is your first time or if you have a lot of extras.
在開始之前，您需要設定一個良好的工作區。 獲得一種有足夠空間和光線的桌子，最好是沒有地毯的地方。 而且您將需要一些時間：幾個小時，如果這是您第一次或如果您有很多其他功能，則可能需要更多時間。
您需要的工具 (The Tools You’ll Need)
All you should really need for the assembly process is a Philips-head screwdriver. A nice set of bits is handy for larger or smaller screws, but everything else you need should be provided with your case and various parts.
組裝過程中您真正需要的只是一把十字頭螺絲刀。 對於較大或較小的螺釘，一組不錯的鑽頭很方便，但是您需要的所有其他物品也應隨您的箱子和各個零件一起提供。
If your home or your workspace is particularly prone to static discharges, you might want an anti-static bracelet. This doohicky clips to a piece of metal (like the PC case) to electrically ground your hands while you’re working, protecting your parts from a discharge. To be honest, it’s very rare that a static shock will actually damage a PC part, and you’ll probably be okay just using the anit-static bags that come with your motherboard and graphics card. But if you want to be extra cautious, it couldn’t hurt.
如果您的家中或工作區特別容易產生靜電放電，則可能需要防靜電手鍊。 這種粘稠的夾子夾在一塊金屬上(例如PC機殼)，可在工作時使您的手接地，從而保護零件免於放電。 老實說，靜電衝擊實際上會損壞PC部件的情況很少見，僅使用主機板和圖形卡隨附的防靜電袋就可以了。 但是，如果您要格外小心，那就不會受傷。
Finally, you might want to add a couple of cups or bowls from your kitchen, just for a place to put loose screws. (Or, if you have one, a magnetic parts tray is wonderful.)
最後，您可能想在廚房中新增幾個杯子或碗，只是為了放置鬆動的螺絲。 (或者，如果您有一個，那麼磁性零件托盤會很棒。)
第一：檢查你的情況 (First: Examine Your Case)
First, take a look at your case. You’ll be able to spot the main compartment that holds the motherboard, the drive bays for hard drives and SSDs, the openings in the back for the motherboard’s ports and the expansion bays for graphics cards, etc. You should have a pretty good idea where everything’s going to go already—if you’re not sure, check the manual that came with it (or download it off the support web page on your phone. Remove both side panels while you’re at it, because you’ll need access to the inside from both sides as you build.
首先，看看您的情況。 您將能夠發現容納主機板的主隔間，硬碟驅動器和SSD的驅動器托架，主機板埠的背面開口以及圖形卡的擴充套件托架等。您應該有一個不錯的主意一切準備就緒的地方-如果不確定，請檢視附帶的手冊(或從手機的支援網頁上下載該手冊。在使用時請卸下兩側面板，因為您需要構建時從兩側進入內部。
You might notice that the PC case we’re using in these photos looks a little strange. It’s a Thermaltake P3 enclosure, an open-air design with an acrylic cover, designed to show off all the components and not require any case fans. We chose it specifically so you could see the components clearly in these photos, but it doesn’t have exactly the same configuration as most box-style enclosure. Just imagine it with walls on an extra five sides.
您可能會注意到，我們在這些照片中使用的PC機殼看起來有些奇怪。 它是Thermaltake P3外殼，採用丙烯酸塗層的露天設計，旨在展示所有元件，並且不需要任何機箱風扇。 我們專門選擇了它，以便您可以在這些照片中清晰地看到各個元件，但是它的配置與大多數盒式機箱並不完全相同。 試想一下，它的牆在另外五個側面上。
第一步：安裝CPU (Step One: Install the CPU)
We’re going to install the CPU and the RAM onto the motherboard before installing the motherboard itself, because it’s easier than installing them once the board is fixed in place. Take your motherboard out, put it on top of the box it came in, and you’ll have a nice little static-free test bench to perform these steps.
我們將在主機板本身安裝之前將CPU和RAM安裝到主機板上，因為比將主機板固定到位更容易安裝它們。 將您的主機板取出來，放在其放入的盒子的頂部，您將擁有一個漂亮的小型無靜電測試臺來執行這些步驟。
Installing the CPU used to be a bit of a nerve-wracking process, but it’s become much easier as the designs have streamlined. Just try not to touch the electrical contacts on the bottom of the chip, and you’ll do fine.
安裝CPU曾經是一個令人不安的過程，但是隨著設計的簡化，它變得更加容易。 只要儘量不要觸控晶片底部的電觸點，您就可以做的很好。
The CPU will be in a plastic case or some other protector when you take it out of its box. Keep it in there for the moment, and take a look at the CPU socket on your motherboard—it’s that open area in the upper-left corner on almost all motherboard designs. There should be a plate that swivels up and down on a hinge (on Intel boards), and a lever that can be pressed down and clipped into the motherboard for safety (on Intel and AMD boards). Take a second to see how this mechanism works on your specific model—they vary a bit between processors and manufacturers.
從包裝盒中取出CPU時，CPU會放在塑料盒或其他保護器中。 暫時將其放在那裡，看看主機板上的CPU插槽-幾乎所有主機板設計的左上角都是開放區域。 應該有一塊板，該板可以在鉸鏈上上下旋轉(在Intel板上)，以及可以被向下壓並夾入主機板以確保安全的槓桿(在Intel和AMD板上)。 花點時間看一下這種機制如何在您的特定型號上工作-處理器和製造商之間它們有所不同。
Raise the plate up, then take the CPU out of its protector. Look closely at the top and bottom (without touching the electrical contacts) and see how they line up in the socket. Most CPUs also have a small arrow in the corner—in the photo below, it’s on the bottom left of the chip. This will correspond to a similar arrow in the socket, so just line them up.
抬起蓋板，然後將CPU從保護器中取出。 仔細觀察頂部和底部(不要觸控電氣觸點)，看看它們如何在插座中對齊。 大多數CPU的角上都有一個小箭頭-在下面的照片中，它位於晶片的左下方。 這將與插槽中的類似箭頭相對應，因此只需將它們對齊。
When you’re sure you know which way the CPU fits into its socket, gently slip it in. You should be able to let it go and it will simply fall the last millimeter or two. It should be flush with the walls of the socket. Now drop the plate, if there is one—if you can’t push it down all the way, stop, your CPU isn’t inserted correctly. Go back to the start of this section and start over.
當您確定知道CPU裝入插槽的方式時，請輕輕地將其滑入。您應該能夠放開它，它只會掉落最後一毫米或兩毫米。 它應與插座壁齊平。 現在放下該板(如果有的話)-如果無法將其完全向下推，請停止，您的CPU沒有正確插入。 返回本節的開頭並重新開始。
If you can lower the plate all the way, great. Press the lever down beneath the safety tab. You’re ready to go on.
如果您可以完全降低板子，那就太好了。 向下按壓安全標籤下方的控制桿。 您已經準備好繼續。
第二步：安裝RAM (Step Two: Install the RAM)
Next, it’s time to install the memory modules. You’ll want to do this before installing the CPU cooler, since some aftermarket ones will hang over the edge of the RAM, making it difficult or impossible to put them in after the fact.
接下來，該安裝記憶體模組了。 在安裝CPU散熱器之前，您需要執行此操作，因為某些配件市場的配件會掛在RAM的邊緣上，從而使事後很難或無法放入它們。
The RAM slots are the long, shallow slots with clips on both sides, usually to the right of the processor from your current perspective. Smaller boards might have only two, larger and more expensive boards can have as many as eight. We’re going to be inserting four RAM sticks (DIMMs) in our build.
RAM插槽是長而淺的插槽，兩側都有夾子，從您當前的角度來看，它們通常位於處理器的右側。 較小的板可能只有兩個，較大的板和更昂貴的板可能只有八個。 我們將在我們的版本中插入四個RAM棒(DIMM)。
Take a look at your own DIMM and its corresponding slot. Once again, you should notice that there’s only one way it will fit—look at the notch in the middle of the gold contacts, and line it up with the plastic bump in the slot. This should work no matter what generation of RAM you’re using: DDR3, DDR4, or something even newer. If for some reason your RAM won’t fit, it’s probably incompatible with your motherboard.
檢視您自己的DIMM及其對應的插槽。 再一次，您應該注意到，只有一種適合的方式-檢視金觸點中間的凹口，然後將其與插槽中的塑料凸塊對齊。 無論您使用的是哪一代RAM，它都應該起作用：DDR3，DDR4或更高版本。 如果由於某種原因您的RAM無法容納，則可能與主機板不相容。
If you’re ready to install the RAM, fold the clips on the top and bottom of the slot down. Put the RAM in, contact-first, and press down firmly. The clips should snap back into place to secure the DIMM. Press down on the RAM at the top and bottom to be sure.
如果準備安裝RAM，請向下摺疊插槽頂部和底部的固定夾。 插入RAM，首先接觸，然後用力向下按。 固定夾應重新卡入到位以固定DIMM。 按下頂部和底部的RAM進行確認。
Repeat the process for all the RAM modules you have. If all of them aren’t parallel, push down until they are.
對您擁有的所有RAM模組重複該過程。 如果它們都不平行，則向下推直到它們平行。
If you have fewer RAM modules than you do RAM slots, pay attention to which ones you fill up. Notice how the slots in the photos above alternate colors, black and grey? That’s because of the way they’re designed to work with memory channels going to the processor. In short, use ONLY the black or ONLY the grey slots if you’re not filling them up—substituting the colors for whatever your motherboard actually uses, of course.
如果您的RAM模組少於RAM插槽，請注意填充的模組。 請注意，上方照片中的插槽如何交替顯示黑色和灰色？ 這是因為它們被設計為與通向處理器的記憶體通道一起使用的方式。 簡而言之，如果您不填滿黑色或灰色插槽，則只能使用它們-當然，可以用顏色代替主機板實際使用的顏色。
第三步：安裝主機板 (Step Three: Install the Motherboard)
Set your case down on the table, with the front panel on your right side. Remove the case’s access door and look down. That large slab of steel or aluminum is where you’re going to install your motherboard, and by association, a large portion of the pieces you’ve bought.
將您的箱子放在桌子上，前面板在右側。 卸下機箱的檢修門並向下看。 一塊大的鋼或鋁板是您要安裝主機板的地方，根據關聯，您可以購買很大一部分零件。
The first thing you’ll want to do is install the motherboard risers, small brackets that separate the motherboard from the case itself. Our ATX-standard motherboard uses six. They should be included in the box your motherboard came with or the box your case came with—if it’s not clear from looking at it, take a quick look at the manual. You should be able to screw the risers into their mounting holes with just your fingers; they’ll tighten in further when you screw the motherboard in place.
您要做的第一件事是安裝主機板提升板，這些小支架將主機板與機箱本身分開。 我們的ATX標準主機板使用了六個。 它們應該包含在主機板隨附的包裝盒或機箱隨附的包裝盒中—如果不清楚，請快速閱讀手冊。 您應該只用手指就能將立管擰入它們的安裝Kong中。 將主機板固定到位後，它們會進一步擰緊。
NOTE: Some cases don’t have a big cutout near the top of where the motherboard goes, like the one in the picture above. If you’re installing an aftermarket cooler, and your case doesn’t have this cutout, you’ll want to install the cooler before putting the motherboard in—so skip down to that section now, and then come back here. Stock coolers do not require this.
注：某些情況下，如主機板上圖所示，在主機板所處的頂部附近沒有較大的缺口。 如果您要安裝售後散熱器，而您的機箱沒有此切口，則需要在安裝主機板之前先安裝散熱器，因此請立即跳至該部分，然後返回此處。 庫存冷卻器不需要此。
Before you place the motherboard itself in the case, install the I/O plate. This is a little piece of aluminum that fits in the back of the case, with cutouts for all of the ports on the back of the motherboard (to the left, from where you’re looking now). You should be able to slip it in and click it into place without any tools, though it may take a little force. Our open-air case doesn’t have a place for the rear I/O plate, so here’s what it looks like most of the time:
在將主機板本身放入機箱中之前，請安裝I / O板。 這是一塊鋁製的小片，可裝入機箱的背面，在主機板背面的所有埠上都有開口(在左側，從現在開始檢視)。 您可能可以不用任何工具就能將其滑入並單擊到位，儘管這可能需要一點力。 我們的露天箱沒有放置後I / O板的位置，因此大多數情況下如下所示：
Now, take the screws that came with your motherboard and tighten them down into the risers with your screwdriver. Make them good and tight, but not so tight that they crack the circuit board. Make sure to use every screw for every riser: these are the only things that will hold up the motherboard, and all the parts connected to it.
現在，取下主機板隨附的螺釘，然後用螺絲刀將其向下擰入提升板。 使它們牢固，牢固，但又不要過緊，以免使電路板破裂。 確保為每個提升板使用每顆螺釘：這是唯一可以支撐主機板及其所有部件的部件。
When you’re finished, your motherboard will be sitting on the risers about a quarter-inch above the frame of the case.
完成後，您的主機板將位於機箱上方約四分之一英寸處的提升板上。
Make sure the I/O plate fits flush with the case and the various ports on the motherboard, bending back the metal prongs if necessary.
確保I / O板與機箱以及主機板上的各個埠齊平，並在必要時向後彎曲金屬插腳。
第四步：安裝機箱風扇(如果適用) (Step Four: Install the Case Fans (If Applicable))
Next, install the case fans in the front, rear, and/or sides of the computer. (If they’re already pre-installed in your case, you can skip this step.) Install them now so you don’t have to worry about the components getting in the way later. Most of the time you’ll just screw the fans directly into the case, but some gaming-branded cases may have caddies or sleds for your fans, for easy removal and cleaning. Your case manual may have more information.
接下來，將機箱風扇安裝在計算機的正面，背面和/或側面。 (如果在您的情況下已經預先安裝了它們，則可以跳過此步驟。)現在安裝它們，這樣就不必擔心以後元件會受到干擾。 大多數情況下，您只是將風扇直接擰入機箱中，但是某些遊戲品牌的機箱可能為您的風扇配備了球童或雪橇，以便於拆卸和清潔。 您的案例手冊可能包含更多資訊。
Keep in mind that where you place your fans—and which direction they face—matters. If you’re not sure how you should configure the fans for the best airflow, check out this guide.
請記住，將風扇放置在什麼位置以及風扇所面向的方向。 如果不確定如何配置風扇以獲得最佳氣流，請檢視本指南。
第五步：安裝CPU散熱器 (Step Five: Install the CPU Cooler)
If you’re going to use the cooler that came with your processor (most of them include one in the box), this will be easy. The coolers that come with CPUs include thermal paste pre-applied to the contact, as do some aftermarket ones, making the process even simpler. Aftermarket coolers can range from easy to oh-god-why difficult, but we’ll walk you through what we can in that realm too.
如果您要使用處理器隨附的散熱器(大多數都在包裝箱中)，這將很容易。 CPU隨附的冷卻器包括預塗在觸點上的導熱膏，以及一些售後市場的導熱膏，使該過程更加簡單。 售後冷卻器的範圍從簡單到令人難以置信，為什麼如此，但我們也會帶您逐步瞭解該領域中的能力。
庫存英特爾散熱器 (The Stock Intel Cooler)
There are four mounting holes a few millimeters on all four corners of the CPU socket. Just push down on the cooler and screw them in place—on the stock Intel cooler, the screws are plastic and mounted on springs, you shouldn’t even need any tools.
在CPU插槽的所有四個角上有幾個毫米的四個安裝Kong。 只需向下推冷卻器並將它們擰緊到位即可—在庫存的英特爾冷卻器上，螺釘是塑料的並安裝在彈簧上，您甚至不需要任何工具。
One the cooler is in place and secure, you’ll need to plug its power cable in. There’s a small three- or four-pin power port on the motherboard, very close to the CPU socket. Plug it in with the short cable to power the cooler’s fan.
一個散熱器到位並固定好，您需要插入其電源線。主機板上有一個小的三針或四針電源埠，非常靠近CPU插槽。 用短電纜將其插入以為冷卻器的風扇供電。
庫存的AMD散熱器(和一些售後配件) (The Stock AMD Cooler (and Some Aftermarket Ones))
AMD motherboards come with two plastic pieces on either side of the CPU, and the AMD stock cooler will hook onto these (as will some aftermarket ones). Line up the square metal hooks on the heatsink with the plastic notches on the motherboard, then press the lever down to lock it in place.
AMD主機板在CPU的每一側都帶有兩個塑料塊，AMD的散熱器將掛在這些塑料塊上(某些售後市場也是如此)。 將散熱器上的方形金屬掛鉤與主機板上的塑料槽口對齊，然後向下按槓桿以將其鎖定到位。
Some heatsinks may require you to screw down the hooks instead of pressing down a lever, but all of them will lock on with some sort of variation on this method.
有些散熱器可能需要您擰緊掛鉤，而不是按下槓桿，但是所有散熱器都將對此方法進行某種形式的鎖定。
大型售後散熱器(適用於Intel和AMD) (Large Aftermarket Coolers (for Both Intel and AMD))
If you’re installing an aftermarket cooler on an Intel chip (or some AMD chips, depending on the cooler), the process is considerably more complicated. This final type of cooler contains a backplate and requires you to screw the cooler on using four mounting holes on the motherboard. (If you’re using an AMD board, you’ll have to remove the plastic pieces in order to gain access to these holes.)
如果您要在Intel晶片(或某些AMD晶片，取決於冷卻器)上安裝售後散熱器，則過程將變得更加複雜。 最後一種型別的散熱器包含一個背板，需要您使用主機板上的四個安裝Kong將散熱器擰緊。 (如果使用的是AMD主機板，則必須卸下塑料件才能進入這些Kong。)
To attach the backplate, stand the case up vertically and remove the rear panel to get access to the bottom of the motherboard.
要安裝背板，請垂直向上站立機箱，然後卸下後面板以接觸到主機板底部。
Assemble the backplate for the larger cooler. This is required because of the larger size and weight of these coolers: they need to have a more secure footing to avoid warping the motherboard.
組裝較大冷卻器的背板。 之所以需要這樣做，是因為這些散熱器的尺寸和重量更大：它們需要有一個更牢固的立足點，以免使主機板翹曲。
Most aftermarket coolers have separate instructions and parts for various Intel and AMD sockets; this one required me to put screws into specific tabs and set them up for the LGA 1151-series CPU socket.
大多數售後冷卻器針對各種Intel和AMD插槽都有單獨的說明和零件。 這需要我將螺釘擰入特定的卡舌中，併為LGA 1151系列CPU插槽設定它們。
With the backplate in place, move the case around so you’re once again facing the “top” of the motherboard. Install the risers on the screws coming up from the cooler mounting plate. You may need to “hug” the case to hold the mounting plate steady while you screw down the risers with your other hand.
裝好背板後，移動機箱，使您再次面對主機板的“頂部”。 將提升板安裝在冷卻器安裝板上的螺釘上。 在用另一隻手擰緊提升板時，您可能需要“擁抱”機箱以穩固安裝板。
With the plate securely in place and the risers set, lay your case down once again in its original work position, with the front panel on your right side. Leave the rear panel removed, it will save you time later.
牢牢固定好板子並固定好提升板之後，將機箱再次放回其原始工作位置，並且前面板在右側。 卸下後面板，這樣可以節省您的時間。
Continue to follow the instructions to install your specific cooler. In our case, that included screwing down these steel brackets and securing them with nuts and the included wrench, then installing a retention screw for the cooler itself.
繼續按照說明安裝特定的散熱器。 在我們的案例中，這包括擰緊這些鋼支架，並用螺母和隨附的扳手將其固定，然後為冷卻器本身安裝固定螺釘。
Before you set the cooler in place, you’ll need to apply thermal paste to the top of the CPU. There area lot of different opinions about the proper technique here, but the easiest and most reliable way to go about it is “just put a pea-sized drop in the middle.”
在將散熱器安裝到位之前，您需要在CPU頂部塗抹導熱膏。 關於正確的技術，這裡有很多不同的觀點，但是最簡單，最可靠的實現方法是“在中間放一個豌豆大小的水滴”。
With the paste in place, set the cooler down and secure it to the mounting bracket; with our model that means clipping it in on one side and screwing it down on the other.
貼上到位後，將冷卻器放下並將其固定到安裝支架上； 使用我們的模型意味著將其夾在一側，然後擰緊在另一側。
Finally, attach the fan onto the cooling fins (this may already be done for some coolers).
最後，將風扇連線到散熱片上(某些冷卻器可能已經這樣做)。
When you’re done, plug the fan into the motherboard, using the same three- or four-pin power port used by the stock cooler.
完成後，使用庫存冷卻器使用的相同的三針或四針電源埠將風扇插入主機板。
第六步：安裝儲存裝置和光碟驅動器 (Step Six: Install the Storage and Optical Drives)
Our basic machine has only one small SSD for storage, but whatever form of storage you’re using, it’s pretty simple to get it installed. Your case will have either permanent mounting locations (like ours, right on the side) or sliding caddies that let you screw in the drive and then slide it into a slot for easy removal and replacement. Either your case or your drive itself should include screws to secure it in place. Check your case’s instruction manual if it’s not immediately obvious where your storage drives should go.
我們的基本機器只有一個小的SSD用於儲存，但是無論您使用哪種儲存形式，安裝它都非常簡單。 您的機箱將具有永久性的安裝位置(如我們的右側)，或滑動式機架，可讓您擰緊驅動器，然後將其滑入插槽，以方便拆卸和更換。 您的機箱或驅動器本身都應包括螺釘以將其固定到位。 如果尚不清楚儲存驅動器應運往何處，請檢視案例的說明手冊。
Our SSD drive goes in a little groove on the side of the case. I raised the case to the vertical position again, then inserted and tightened the screws from the back. Easy peasy. (The case also has larger brackets for optional 3.5-inch hard drives, which we’re not using.)
我們的SSD驅動器位於機箱側面的小凹槽中。 我再次將外殼提升到垂直位置，然後從背面插入並擰緊了螺釘。 十分簡單。 (該機殼還有用於可選的3.5英寸硬碟驅動器的較大支架，但我們沒有使用。)
Once your storage drive is in place, connect the SATA data cable to the SATA port on both the drive.There’s only one way the cable can fit, and it’s the same connection on both sides.
儲存驅動器到位後，將SATA資料電纜連線到兩個驅動器上的SATA埠。 電纜只有一種安裝方式，並且兩端的連線方式相同。
Then, plug that same cable into the SATA port on the motherboard. Repeat this process for as many SSDs or hard drives as you’re planning to use.
然後，將同一根電纜插入主機板上的SATA埠。 對您計劃使用的儘可能多的SSD或硬碟重複此過程。
Installing a DVD drive, if you have one, is also pretty simple. On cheaper, simpler cases, just slide it into place in the large 5.25″ bay at the front and screw it down with the included screws. More elaborate cases have only one more step: screw in the runners on the side of the drive, then slide the drive into place. Like the caddies for SSDs and hard drives, this just makes it easier to take replace the drive.
安裝DVD驅動器(如果有)也非常簡單。 在更便宜，更簡單的情況下，只需將其滑入前部5.25英寸大托架中的位置，然後用隨附的螺釘將其擰緊即可。 更復雜的情況僅需採取以下步驟：擰緊驅動器側面的滑槽，然後將驅動器滑入到位。 就像用於SSD和硬碟驅動器的驅動器一樣，這使得更換驅動器更加容易。
In either case, plug the SATA data cable into the drive and the motherboard, just like you did for the hard drive, and you’re ready to go.
無論哪種情況，都可以將SATA資料線插入驅動器和主機板中，就像為硬碟驅動器那樣，就可以開始使用了。
第七步：安裝圖形卡(和其他PCI-e附件) (Step Seven: Install the Graphics Card (and other PCI-e Accessories))
If you’re using a discrete graphics card for gaming, you’ll want to install it now. It uses a PCI-Express (abbreviated PCI-e, PCIe, or sometimes just PCI) slot, which opens to the outside of the case for expansion ports and is almost always found beneath the CPU socket on the motherboard.
如果您使用獨立顯示卡進行遊戲，則需要立即安裝。 它使用PCI-Express(縮寫為PCI-e，PCIe，有時僅是PCI)插槽，該插槽在機箱外部用於擴充套件埠，並且幾乎總是在主機板上的CPU插槽下面找到。
First, determine which of your PCI-e ports uses the x16 speed lanes. It should have PCIEX1_16 or a similar designation: it will be the slot closest to the CPU and the longest (or tied for the longest). If this stuff is confusing, check out this article on using the right PCI-E accessories in the right slots.
首先，確定您的哪個PCI-e埠使用x16速度通道。 它應該具有PCIEX1_16或類似的名稱：它將是最接近CPU且最長的插槽(或最長的插槽)。 如果這些東西令人困惑，請檢視有關在正確的插槽中使用正確的PCI-E附件的文章。
Now remove the rear cover for that slot (or slots, if your card is big enough that it needs to have two of them removed). These little metal or plastic pieces are just there to protect your computer’s insides for PCI-E slots that aren’t being used. Now lower the plastic tab at the end of the slot—this works a lot like the RAM modules, but only one one side. Slide the graphics card in, starting with the side closest to the outside of the case. Press firmly down until the tab locks into place.
現在，卸下該插槽(或多個插槽，如果您的卡足夠大，需要卸下其中兩個)的後蓋。 這些小金屬或塑料件就在那兒，以保護未使用的PCI-E插槽的計算機內部。 現在放下插槽末端的塑料卡舌，這很像RAM模組，但只有一側。 從最靠近外殼外部的一側開始，將圖形卡滑入。 用力向下按，直到卡舌鎖定到位。
Then, put the thumbscrews back in where they came from, securing the card in place.
然後，將指旋螺釘放回原來的位置，將卡固定到位。
第八步：安裝電源 (Step Eight: Install the Power Supply)
You’re getting close to the end here. Slide the power supply into its bay or bracket. The part that accepts the three-prong power cable (the one that plugs into the wall) should be flush with the back of the case, and accessible from the outside.
您在這裡快要結束了。 將電源滑入其托架或支架中。 接受三芯電源線的那部分(插入牆壁的那一部分)應與外殼背面齊平，並可以從外部接觸。
Depending on the design of your case, you may want to mount it so the fan is facing either up or down. Most people like to have the fans facing outside the case (fan up if the power supply is at the top of the case, fan down if it’s at the bottom), as this will let your power supply take in cooler air. But to be honest, it doesn’t make a huge amount of difference—your power supply won’t overheat unless you chose one that’s insufficient for your computer. If it’s easier to access components the other way, that’s fine, as long as there’s a bit of clearance between the fan and the closest non-mesh surface.
根據機箱的設計，您可能需要安裝它，使風扇朝上或朝下。 大多數人喜歡使風扇面向機箱外部(如果電源位於機箱頂部，則風扇向上通風；如果電源位於底部，則風扇向下通風)，因為這會使您的電源吸入較冷的空氣。 但是，老實說，這並沒有太大的不同-您的電源不會過熱，除非您選擇的電源不足以容納計算機。 如果通過另一種方式訪問元件更容易，那很好，只要風扇和最近的非網格表面之間有一定的間隙即可。
Different cases have different spots to secure the power supply in place, but generally you’re going to be using at least four screws. Sometimes you may need to screw the supply in place via the holes on the outside of the case.
不同的機箱有不同的位置可將電源固定到位，但是通常您將至少使用四個螺釘。 有時您可能需要通過外殼外部的Kong將電源固定到位。
When the power supply is firmly in place, it’s time to plug it in to all of the components that need power from it. Remember that you can run the cables through more or less any hole, and it might be best to use the back of the case to keep things from getting tangled or catching on the fans.
電源固定到位後，就該將其插入需要其供電的所有元件了。 請記住，您可以將電纜穿過或多或少地穿過任何Kong，並且最好使用機箱的背面以防止纏繞或纏繞風扇。
From biggest to smallest:
從最大到最小：
Motherboard: 24-pin cable (sometimes more). This is usually on the right-hand side of the motherboard in its mounted position. look at the pattern of the plastic molding around the pins: there’s only one way it will fit.
主機板：24針電纜(有時更多)。 它通常位於主機板右側的安裝位置。 看一下銷子周圍的塑料模製圖案：只有一種適合的方法。
CPU: 4, 6, or 8-pin cable (sometimes more). This port is also on the motherboard, but it’s somewhere near the CPU socket, often at the top left. Again, there should only be one way to plug this in.
CPU ：4、6或8針電纜(有時更多)。 該埠也位於主機板上，但位於CPU插槽附近，通常位於左上方。 同樣，應該只有一種方法可以將其插入。
Storage drives and DVD drives: SATA power cables (the ones with the L-shaped connectors). Most modern power supplies will include at least one SATA power cable, often with sockets for multiple drives that you can use at the same time.
儲存驅動器和DVD驅動器：SATA電源電纜(帶有L形聯結器的電纜)。 大多數現代電源裝置將至少包括一根SATA電源線，通常帶有用於多個驅動器的插槽，您可以同時使用它們。
Graphics card: 6, 8, 12, or 14-pin cable, depending on how powerful the card is. (Ours is a low-power model that gets all of its electrical power from the motherboard, and it doesn’t need a direct connection to the power supply). For very powerful cards, you may need to use multiple power cables for a split connection, but again, each individual cable should only be able to fit one way.
圖形卡：6、8、12或14針電纜，具體取決於圖形卡的功能。 (我們的是一種低功率型號，可以從主機板上獲取所有電能，並且不需要直接連線到電源)。 對於功能非常強大的卡，您可能需要使用多根電源線進行拆分連線，但是同樣，每條單獨的電纜只能以一種方式安裝。
Case fans, coolers, and radiators:Connect the cooling equipment to the power supply with whatever it needs. Some fans with a four-pin connector can attach directly to the motherboard, but others need to be plugged into a power supply rail. You may need molex adapters or SATA adapters if you have more than two or three fans, but generally the power supply comes with enough extra cables for most basic builds.
機箱風扇，冷卻器和散熱器：根據需要將冷卻裝置連線到電源。 一些具有四針聯結器的風扇可以直接連線到主機板，但是其他風扇則需要插入電源導軌中。 如果您擁有兩個或三個以上的風扇，則可能需要Molex介面卡或SATA介面卡，但是通常電源隨附的附加電纜足以滿足大多數基本構建要求。
Anything else you’re likely to install should be able to draw its power directly from its connection to the motherboard.
您可能要安裝的任何其他產品都應該能夠直接從其與主機板的連線中獲取電源。
第九步：插入外殼控制元件，音訊和USB電纜 (Step Nine: Plug in the Case Controls, Audio, and USB cables)
The last thing you’ll need to plug in are the cables for your case—these connect the power and reset buttons, the front-mounted headphone and microphone jacks, and any USB ports on the front of the case to the motherboard.
您需要插入的最後一件事是外殼的電纜-它們連線電源和重置按鈕，前置耳機和麥克風插Kong，以及外殼前面與主機板的任何USB埠。
The power buttons and lights are the trickiest here, because they’re really tiny electrical cables that have to plug into very specific pins on the motherboard’s I/O panel. This panel is usually at the bottom-right of the board. Depending on how your case is laid out, you’ll definitely have a two-pin power cable, a two-pin cable for the light that shows you the computer’s on, and possibly a two-pin reset cable and a two-pin “HD,” “IDE LED,” or “Drive” cable (for the little light that blinks whenever your computer is accessing its storage drive). Some or all of these might be broken into positive and negative connectors.
電源按鈕和指示燈是最棘手的，因為它們實際上是很小的電纜，必須插入主機板I / O面板上非常特定的引腳。 該面板通常位於面板的右下角。 根據機箱的佈置方式，您肯定會使用兩針電源線，用於顯示計算機電源的兩針電源線，以及兩針復位電纜和兩針“ HD”，“ IDE LED”或“ Drive”電纜(用於當計算機訪問其儲存驅動器時閃爍的小燈)。 其中一些或全部可能會分為正極和負極聯結器。
These get frustrating because they’re tiny and hard to read. It’s best to break out your motherboard’s manual and look for specific instructions on the I/O panel. Our motherboard came with a handy little plastic piece that was pre-labelled, and our case has nice bright white labels on the cable itself, making the whole process fairly obvious. Double-check these connections with the motherboard manual if you’re not sure about them: you need the power button to be right at the very least if you want your PC to turn on!
因為它們很小並且很難閱讀，所以它們令人沮喪。 最好拆開主機板的手冊，並在I / O面板上查詢特定的說明。 我們的主機板帶有一個方便的，預先貼有標籤的塑料小塊，並且外殼上的電纜本身帶有漂亮的亮白色標籤，使整個過程相當明顯。 如果不確定這些連線，請與主機板手冊仔細檢查：如果要開啟PC，則至少需要電源按鈕正確！
The USB and audio connections are more obvious: they’ll plug into specific sockets on the motherboard, usually labelled as such. Our case has one for the USB 2.0 ports, another and another similar-looking one for the audio jacks, both of which plug into the bottom of the motherboard.
USB和音訊連線更加明顯：它們將插入主機板上的特定插座，通常標有相應名稱。 我們的機箱有一個用於USB 2.0埠，另一個用於音訊插Kong，外觀相似，兩個都插入主機板的底部。
The bigger plastic cable for the USB 3.0 jacks goes in the side. Again, if you can’t find the specific plugs for your motherboard, consult the manual—it should have a diagram either of the parts of the whole board or the specific locations of the connections for the case’s front buttons and inputs.
USB 3.0插Kong的較大塑料電纜在側面。 同樣，如果找不到主機板的特定插頭，請查閱手冊，該手冊應包含整個電路板的各個部分的圖，或機箱正面按鈕和輸入的連線的特定位置的圖。
結語！ (Wrap It All Up!)
You’re nearly done. Before you close up your case, double-check to make sure none of the power or data cables are too close to one of the case or cooler fans, and that everything is firmly in place and locked down. Looks good? Then put the front and rear covers on and secure them in place with the thumbscrews.
您快完成了。 在合上機箱之前，請仔細檢查以確保電源線或資料線都沒有太靠近機箱或冷卻風扇之一，並且所有物品都已固定到位並鎖定。 看起來不錯？ 然後放上前後蓋，並用翼形螺釘將它們固定到位。
Plug in the power cable to the power supply, then your monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Press the power switch. If you can see the power indicator light on the case, hear the case fans, and see the motherboard logo (known as the POST screen), you’re all ready to install your operating system. Congratulations, you’ve successfully assembled your PC!
將電源線插入電源，然後將顯示器，鍵盤和滑鼠插入。 按下電源開關。 如果您可以看到機箱上的電源指示燈亮起，聽到機箱風扇的聲音並看到主機板徽標(稱為POST螢幕)，那麼您已經準備好安裝作業系統。 恭喜，您已經成功組裝了PC！
If for some reason the power didn’t come on, unplug the PC and the accessories, then double-check these common problems:
如果由於某種原因無法接通電源，請拔下PC和配件的電源，然後再次檢查以下常見問題：
- Did you have the power switch on the power supply in the right position? This is the switch accessible from the outside of the case; the “I” should be down and the “O” should be up. 您的電源開關是否在正確的位置？ 這是可以從盒子外部訪問的開關。 “ I”應該向下，“ O”應該向上。
- Did you plug the power cable from the power supply into the CPU power socket on the motherboard? This is the smaller of the two cables going from the power supply to the motherboard, usually somewhere near the CPU socket at the top of the board. 您是否將電源線從電源插座插入主機板上的CPU電源插座？ 這是從電源到主機板的兩條電纜中較小的一條，通常位於主機板頂部CPU插槽附近。
- Are all the RAM sticks securely in place, with the plastic clips clamped down? 是否將所有RAM棒牢固地固定到位，並用塑料夾夾住？
- Is the CPU cooler connected to the motherboard for power? CPU散熱器是否已連線至主機板以供電？
- If you’re using a graphics card, did you plug the monitor cable into the card instead of the video-out port on the motherboard? 如果使用的是圖形卡，您是否將監視器電纜插入了圖形卡而不是主機板上的視訊輸出埠？
- If you’re using a graphics card, did you plug it into the PCI-E slot on the motherboard firmly, with the plastic clip clamped down? Did you use the correct power cable to connect it to the power supply (if it needs one)? 如果您使用的是圖形卡，是否已將塑料卡夾向下牢固地插入了主機板上的PCI-E插槽？ 您是否使用正確的電源線將其連線到電源(如果需要)？
- Did you have the case’s power switch cable in the right pins on the motherboard’s I/O panel? 機箱的電源開關電纜是否在主機板的I / O面板的正確插針中？
Once your system POSTs properly, it’s time to prepare your BIOS and install your operating system. Proceed to the next article for more information.
一旦系統正確開機自檢，就可以準備BIOS並安裝作業系統了。 繼續下一篇文章以獲取更多資訊。
Or, if you want to jump to another part in the guide, here’s the whole thing:
或者，如果您想跳到指南的另一部分，請參閱以下內容：
Building a New Computer, Part Four: Installing Windows and Loading Drivers
Building a New Computer, Part Five: Tweaking Your New Computer
翻譯自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/uncategorized/building-a-new-computer-part-2-putting-it-together/
計算機組裝和維護