MySQL進階管理
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-12-29
1 二進位制格式mysql安裝
2 本機在官網下載後利用xftp傳輸
3 [root@localhost ~]# ls
4 anaconda-ks.cfg :wq
5 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
6 建立MySQL組，不加目錄，並設定無法登入
7 [root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r -M -s /bin/nologin -g mysql mysql
8 [root@localhost ~]# id mysql
9 uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) 組=27(mysql)
10 解壓
11 [root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
12 [root@localhost ~]# ls
13 anaconda-ks.cfg
14 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
15 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
16 :wq
17 [root@localhost ~]# mv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/
18 [root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/
19 bin include libexec share
20 etc lib mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 src
21 games lib64 sbin
22 對映到/usr/local/mysql下
23 [root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
24 'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
25 [root@localhost local]# ll
26 總用量 0
27 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 bin
28 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 etc
29 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 games
30 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 include
31 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 lib
32 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 lib64
33 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 libexec
34 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 12月 13 03:20 mysql -> mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
35 drwxr-xr-x. 9 7161 31415 129 6月 2 2020 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
36 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 sbin
37 drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 12月 16 2020 share
38 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 12 2018 src
39 修改目錄的屬主與屬組
40 [root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
41 [root@localhost local]# ll -d /usr/local/mysql
42 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 12月 13 03:20 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
43 新增環境變數
44 [root@localhost local]# cd mysql
45 [root@localhost mysql]# ls
46 bin include LICENSE README support-files
47 docs lib man share
48 [root@localhost mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
49 [root@localhost mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
50 [root@localhost mysql]# echo $PATH
51 /usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
52 對映MySQL檔案
53 [root@localhost mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
54 新增幫助文件
55 [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
56 MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
57 新增lib庫檔案地址
58
59
60 [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.cof
61 [root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig
62 建立資料存放目錄，並修改屬主與屬組
63 [root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
64 [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
65 [root@localhost mysql]# ll /opt/
66 總用量 0
67 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 12月 13 03:28 data
68 初始化配置，並獲取臨時密碼
69 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
70 2020-12-12T22:54:25.149163Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )0c4gRhBdzi!
71 將密碼儲存
72 [root@localhost ~]# echo "0c4gRhBdzi!" > ww
73 生成配置檔案
74 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
75 [mysqld]
76 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
77 datadir = /opt/data
78 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
79 port = 3306
80 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
81 user = mysql
82 skip-name-resolve
83 配置服務啟動指令碼
84 [root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
85 [root@localhost support-files]# cd
86 [root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld
87 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10576 12月 13 07:03 /etc/init.d/mysqld
88 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
89 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
90 datadir=/opt/data
91 啟動程序
92 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
93 Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
94 [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
95 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
96 LISTEN0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
97 LISTEN0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
98 LISTEN0 80 *:3306 *:*
99 進入mysql，報錯缺少依賴包
100 檢視依賴包由那個包提供
101 [root@localhost ~]# yum whatprovides libncurses.so.5
102 Updating Subscription Management repositories.
103 Unable to read consumer identity
104 This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
105 ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
106 倉庫 ：BaseOS
107 匹配來源：
108 提供 : libncurses.so.5
109 安裝mysql依賴包ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686
110 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686
111 Updating Subscription Management repositories.
112 Unable to read consumer identity
113 This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
114 appstream 674 kB/s | 3.2 kB 00:00
115 baseos 1.4 MB/s | 2.7 kB 00:00
116 依賴關係解決。
117 =========================================================================================================================
118 軟體包 架構 版本 倉庫 大小
119 =========================================================================================================================
120 Installing:
121 ncurses-compat-libs i686 6.1-7.20180224.el8 BaseOS 350 k
122 安裝依賴關係:
123 glibc i686 2.28-42.el8 BaseOS 3.6 M
124 libgcc i686 8.2.1-3.5.el8 BaseOS 84 k
125 libstdc++ i686 8.2.1-3.5.el8 BaseOS 485 k
126
127
128 已安裝:
129 ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686 glibc-2.28-42.el8.i686 libgcc-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686
130 libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686
131 完畢！
132 修改密碼
133 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p')0c4gRhBdzi!'
134 mysql> set password = password('123456');
135 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
136 檢視MySQL執行進行，以及停止MySQL
137 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status
138 SUCCESS! MySQL running (3632)
139 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stop
140 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
141 [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
142 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
143 LISTEN0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
144 LISTEN0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
145 檢視開機自動啟動項
146 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-dependencies
147 設定開機自動啟動
148 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
149 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
150 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list
151 mysqld 0:關 1:關 2:開 3:開 4:開 5:開 6:關
152 重啟，檢視mysql是否啟動
153 [root@localhost ~]# reboot
154 [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
155 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
156 LISTEN0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
157 LISTEN0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
158 LISTEN0 80 *:3306 *:*
159 設定配置檔案
160 [root@localhost ~]# vim .my.cnf
161 [client]
162 user=root
163 password=123456
164 檢視資料庫：配置。my.cnf檔案後可在root中不使用密碼檢視資料庫內容
165 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -e 'show databases'
166 +--------------------+
167 | Database |
168 +--------------------+
169 | information_schema |
170 | mysql |
171 | performance_schema |
172 | sys |
173 +--------------------+
174 修改MySQL埠為3307
175 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
176 [mysqld]
177 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
178 datadir = /opt/data
179 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
180 port = 3307
181 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
182 user = mysql
183 skip-name-resolve
184 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
185 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
186 Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
187 [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
188 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
189 LISTEN0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
190 LISTEN0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
191 LISTEN0 80 *:3307 *:*
192 資料庫密碼破解
193 第一步修改配置檔案
194 第二步重啟
195 第三步可直接登入資料庫修改密碼
196 第四步修改配置檔案，刪除skip-grant-tables
197 第五步重啟服務
198 第六步驗證密碼是否修改成功
199 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
200 加入：skip-grant-tables（跳過授權表）
201 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
202 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
203 Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
204 [root@localhost ~]# mysql
205 進入資料表
206 mysql> use mysql;
207 mysql> show tables;
208 mysql> select * from user\G
209 *************************** 1. row ***************************
210 Host: localhost
211 User: root
212
213 authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
214 mysql> update user set authentication_string =password('wangming123!') where User='root' and Host='localhost';（修改密碼）
215 Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
216 Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
217 刪除檔案配置中的skip-grant-tables
218 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
219 skip-grant-tables（刪除）
220 重啟服務
221 [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
222 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
223 Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
224 重新登入MySQL驗證密碼是否更改
225 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'wangming123!'
226 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.（登入成功）
227 建立資料表，並建立資料
228 mysql> create database school ;
229 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
230 mysql> use school;
231 Database changed
232 mysql> create table student(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),age tinyint);
233 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
234 mysql> insert student(name,age) values('tom',20),('jerry',155),('zhangshan',23);
235 Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec)
236 Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
237 mysql> select * from student;
238 +----+-----------+------+
239 | id | name | age |
240 +----+-----------+------+
241 | 1 | tom | 20 |
242 | 2 | jerry | 15 |
243 | 3 | zhangshan | 23 |
244 +----+-----------+------+
245 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
246 備份資料將資料寫入all.sql中
247 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pwangming123! --all-databases> all.sql
248 mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
249 [root@localhost ~]# ls
250 all.sql :wq
251 anaconda-ks.cfg ww
252 mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
253 刪除school資料庫
254 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pwangming123! -e 'drop database school;'
255 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
256 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pwangming123! -e 'show databases;'
257 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
258 +--------------------+
259 | Database |
260 +--------------------+
261 | information_schema |
262 | mysql |
263 | performance_schema |
264 | sys |
265 +--------------------+
266 恢復school資料庫
267 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pwangming123! < all.sql
268 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
269 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pwangming123! -e 'show databases;'
270 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
271 +--------------------+
272 | Database |
273 +--------------------+
274 | information_schema |
275 | mysql |
276 | performance_schema |
277 | school |
278 | sys |
279 +--------------------+
280 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pwangming123! -e 'select * from school.student;'
281 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
282 +----+-----------+------+
283 | id | name | age |
284 +----+-----------+------+
285 | 1 | tom | 20 |
286 | 2 | jerry | 15 |
287 | 3 | zhangshan | 23 |
288 +----+-----------+------+