SpringMVC：整合SSM框架

整合SSM

環境要求

環境：

• IDEA

• MySQL 5.7.19

• Tomcat 9

• Maven 3.6

要求：

• 需要熟練掌握MySQL資料庫，Spring，JavaWeb及MyBatis知識，簡單的前端知識；

資料庫環境

建立一個存放書籍資料的資料庫表

CREATEDATABASE `ssmbuild`;

USE `ssmbuild`;

DROPTABLEIF EXISTS `books`;

CREATETABLE`books` (
`bookID`INT(10)NOTNULLAUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT'書id',
`bookName`VARCHAR(100)NOTNULLCOMMENT'書名',
`bookCounts`INT(11)NOTNULLCOMMENT'數量',
`detail`VARCHAR(200)NOTNULLCOMMENT'描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

INSERTINTO`books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'Java',1,'從入門到放棄'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'從刪庫到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'從進門到進牢');
 

基本環境搭建

1、新建一Maven專案！ssmbuild ， 新增web的支援

2、匯入相關的pom依賴！

<dependencies>
 <!--Junit-->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>junit</groupId>
   <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   <version>4.12</version>
 </dependency>
 <!--資料庫驅動-->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>mysql</groupId>
   <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   <version>5.1.47</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- 資料庫連線池 -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
   <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
   <version>0.9.5.2</version>
 </dependency>

 <!--Servlet - JSP -->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.5</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
   <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
   <version>2.2</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
   <version>1.2</version>
 </dependency>

 <!--Mybatis-->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
   <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
   <version>3.5.2</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
   <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
   <version>2.0.2</version>
 </dependency>

 <!--Spring-->
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
   <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
   <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
</dependencies>
 

3、Maven資源過濾設定

<build>
 <resources>
   <resource>
     <directory>src/main/java</directory>
     <includes>
       <include>**/*.properties</include>
       <include>**/*.xml</include>
     </includes>
     <filtering>false</filtering>
   </resource>
   <resource>
     <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
     <includes>
       <include>**/*.properties</include>
       <include>**/*.xml</include>
     </includes>
     <filtering>false</filtering>
   </resource>
 </resources>
</build>
 

4、建立基本結構和配置框架！

• com.kuang.pojo

• com.kuang.dao

• com.kuang.service

• com.kuang.controller

• mybatis-config.xml

  <?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
  <!DOCTYPE configuration
     PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
     "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
  <configuration>
  
  </configuration>

• applicationContext.xml

  <?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  
  </beans>

Mybatis層編寫

1、資料庫配置檔案 database.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

2、IDEA關聯資料庫

3、編寫MyBatis的核心配置檔案

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
   PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
   "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
 
 <typeAliases>
   <packagename="com.kuang.pojo"/>
 </typeAliases>
 <mappers>
   <mapperresource="com/kuang/dao/BookMapper.xml"/>
 </mappers>

</configuration>

4、編寫資料庫對應的實體類 com.kuang.pojo.Books

使用lombok外掛！

packagecom.kuang.pojo;

importlombok.AllArgsConstructor;
importlombok.Data;
importlombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
publicclassBooks{
 
 privateintbookID;
 privateStringbookName;
 privateintbookCounts;
 privateStringdetail;
 
}

5、編寫Dao層的 Mapper介面！

packagecom.kuang.dao;

importcom.kuang.pojo.Books;
importjava.util.List;

publicinterfaceBookMapper{

 //增加一個Book
 intaddBook(Booksbook);

 //根據id刪除一個Book
 intdeleteBookById(intid);

 //更新Book
 intupdateBook(Booksbooks);

 //根據id查詢,返回一個Book
 BooksqueryBookById(intid);

 //查詢全部Book,返回list集合
 List<Books>queryAllBook();

}

6、編寫介面對應的 Mapper.xml 檔案。需要匯入MyBatis的包；

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
   PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
   "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mappernamespace="com.kuang.dao.BookMapper">

 <!--增加一個Book-->
 <insertid="addBook"parameterType="Books">
   insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail)
   values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail})
 </insert>

 <!--根據id刪除一個Book-->
 <deleteid="deleteBookById"parameterType="int">
   delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID}
 </delete>

 <!--更新Book-->
 <updateid="updateBook"parameterType="Books">
   update ssmbuild.books
   set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = #{detail}
   where bookID = #{bookID}
 </update>

 <!--根據id查詢,返回一個Book-->
 <selectid="queryBookById"resultType="Books">
   select * from ssmbuild.books
   where bookID = #{bookID}
 </select>

 <!--查詢全部Book-->
 <selectid="queryAllBook"resultType="Books">
   SELECT * from ssmbuild.books
 </select>

</mapper>

7、編寫Service層的介面和實現類

介面：

packagecom.kuang.service;

importcom.kuang.pojo.Books;

importjava.util.List;

//BookService:底下需要去實現,呼叫dao層
publicinterfaceBookService{
 //增加一個Book
 intaddBook(Booksbook);
 //根據id刪除一個Book
 intdeleteBookById(intid);
 //更新Book
 intupdateBook(Booksbooks);
 //根據id查詢,返回一個Book
 BooksqueryBookById(intid);
 //查詢全部Book,返回list集合
 List<Books>queryAllBook();
}

實現類：

packagecom.kuang.service;

importcom.kuang.dao.BookMapper;
importcom.kuang.pojo.Books;
importjava.util.List;

publicclassBookServiceImplimplementsBookService{

 //呼叫dao層的操作，設定一個set介面，方便Spring管理
 privateBookMapperbookMapper;

 publicvoidsetBookMapper(BookMapperbookMapper) {
   this.bookMapper=bookMapper;
 }
 
 publicintaddBook(Booksbook) {
   returnbookMapper.addBook(book);
 }
 
 publicintdeleteBookById(intid) {
   returnbookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
 }
 
 publicintupdateBook(Booksbooks) {
   returnbookMapper.updateBook(books);
 }
 
 publicBooksqueryBookById(intid) {
   returnbookMapper.queryBookById(id);
 }
 
 publicList<Books>queryAllBook() {
   returnbookMapper.queryAllBook();
 }
}

OK，到此，底層需求操作編寫完畢！

Spring層

1、配置Spring整合MyBatis，我們這裡資料來源使用c3p0連線池；

2、我們去編寫Spring整合Mybatis的相關的配置檔案；spring-dao.xml

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
   https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

 <!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
 <!-- 1.關聯資料庫檔案 -->
 <context:property-placeholderlocation="classpath:database.properties"/>

 <!-- 2.資料庫連線池 -->
 <!--資料庫連線池
   dbcp 半自動化操作 不能自動連線
   c3p0 自動化操作（自動的載入配置檔案 並且設定到物件裡面）
 -->
 <beanid="dataSource"class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
   <!-- 配置連線池屬性 -->
   <propertyname="driverClass"value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
   <propertyname="jdbcUrl"value="${jdbc.url}"/>
   <propertyname="user"value="${jdbc.username}"/>
   <propertyname="password"value="${jdbc.password}"/>

   <!-- c3p0連線池的私有屬性 -->
   <propertyname="maxPoolSize"value="30"/>
   <propertyname="minPoolSize"value="10"/>
   <!-- 關閉連線後不自動commit -->
   <propertyname="autoCommitOnClose"value="false"/>
   <!-- 獲取連線超時時間 -->
   <propertyname="checkoutTimeout"value="10000"/>
   <!-- 當獲取連線失敗重試次數 -->
   <propertyname="acquireRetryAttempts"value="2"/>
 </bean>

 <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory物件 -->
 <beanid="sqlSessionFactory"class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
   <!-- 注入資料庫連線池 -->
   <propertyname="dataSource"ref="dataSource"/>
   <!-- 配置MyBaties全域性配置檔案:mybatis-config.xml -->
   <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
 </bean>

 <!-- 4.配置掃描Dao介面包，動態實現Dao介面注入到spring容器中 -->
 <!--解釋 ：https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html-->
 <beanclass="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
   <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
   <propertyname="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName"value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
   <!-- 給出需要掃描Dao介面包 -->
   <propertyname="basePackage"value="com.kuang.dao"/>
 </bean>

</beans>

3、Spring整合service層

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

 <!-- 掃描service相關的bean -->
 <context:component-scanbase-package="com.kuang.service"/>

 <!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
 <beanid="BookServiceImpl"class="com.kuang.service.BookServiceImpl">
   <propertyname="bookMapper"ref="bookMapper"/>
 </bean>

 <!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
 <beanid="transactionManager"class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
   <!-- 注入資料庫連線池 -->
   <propertyname="dataSource"ref="dataSource"/>
 </bean>

</beans>

Spring層搞定！再次理解一下，Spring就是一個大雜燴，一個容器！對吧！

SpringMVC層

1、web.xml

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-appxmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
   version="4.0">

 <!--DispatcherServlet-->
 <servlet>
   <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
     <!--一定要注意:我們這裡載入的是總的配置檔案，之前被這裡坑了！-->
     <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

 <!--encodingFilter-->
 <filter>
   <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
   <filter-class>
     org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
   </filter-class>
   <init-param>
     <param-name>encoding</param-name>
     <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
   </init-param>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>
 
 <!--Session過期時間-->
 <session-config>
   <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
 </session-config>
 
</web-app>

2、spring-mvc.xml

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
 https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

 <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
 <!-- 1.開啟SpringMVC註解驅動 -->
 <mvc:annotation-driven/>
 <!-- 2.靜態資源預設servlet配置-->
 <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

 <!-- 3.配置jsp 顯示ViewResolver檢視解析器 -->
 <beanclass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
   <propertyname="viewClass"value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
   <propertyname="prefix"value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
   <propertyname="suffix"value=".jsp"/>
 </bean>

 <!-- 4.掃描web相關的bean -->
 <context:component-scanbase-package="com.kuang.controller"/>

</beans>

3、Spring配置整合檔案，applicationContext.xml

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

 <importresource="spring-dao.xml"/>
 <importresource="spring-service.xml"/>
 <importresource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
 
</beans>

配置檔案，暫時結束！Controller 和 檢視層編寫

1、BookController 類編寫 ， 方法一：查詢全部書籍

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
publicclassBookController{

 @Autowired
 @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
 privateBookServicebookService;

 @RequestMapping("/allBook")
 publicStringlist(Modelmodel) {
   List<Books>list=bookService.queryAllBook();
   model.addAttribute("list",list);
   return"allBook";
 }
}

2、編寫首頁 index.jsp

<%@pagelanguage="java"contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
 <title>首頁</title>
 <styletype="text/css">
   a{
     text-decoration:none;
     color:black;
     font-size:18px;
   }
   h3{
     width:180px;
     height:38px;
     margin:100pxauto;
     text-align:center;
     line-height:38px;
     background:deepskyblue;
     border-radius:4px;
   }
 </style>
</head>
<body>

<h3>
 <ahref="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">點選進入列表頁</a>
</h3>
</body>
</html>

3、書籍列表頁面 allbook.jsp

<%@taglibprefix="c"uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@pagecontentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"language="java"%>
<html>
<head>
 <title>書籍列表</title>
 <metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
 <linkhref="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<divclass="container">

 <divclass="row clearfix">
   <divclass="col-md-12 column">
     <divclass="page-header">
       <h1>
         <small>書籍列表 —— 顯示所有書籍</small>
       </h1>
     </div>
   </div>
 </div>

 <divclass="row">
   <divclass="col-md-4 column">
     <aclass="btn btn-primary"href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a>
   </div>
 </div>

 <divclass="row clearfix">
   <divclass="col-md-12 column">
     <tableclass="table table-hover table-striped">
       <thead>
       <tr>
         <th>書籍編號</th>
         <th>書籍名字</th>
         <th>書籍數量</th>
         <th>書籍詳情</th>
         <th>操作</th>
       </tr>
       </thead>

       <tbody>
       <c:forEachvar="book"items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
         <tr>
           <td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
           <td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
           <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
           <td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
           <td>
             <ahref="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a>|
             <ahref="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">刪除</a>
           </td>
         </tr>
       </c:forEach>
       </tbody>
     </table>
   </div>
 </div>
</div>

4、BookController 類編寫 ， 方法二：新增書籍

@RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
publicStringtoAddPaper() {
 return"addBook";
}

@RequestMapping("/addBook")
publicStringaddPaper(Booksbooks) {
 System.out.println(books);
 bookService.addBook(books);
 return"redirect:/book/allBook";
}

5、新增書籍頁面：addBook.jsp

<%@taglibprefix="c"uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@pagecontentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"language="java"%>

<html>
<head>
 <title>新增書籍</title>
 <metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
 <linkhref="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<divclass="container">

 <divclass="row clearfix">
   <divclass="col-md-12 column">
     <divclass="page-header">
       <h1>
         <small>新增書籍</small>
       </h1>
     </div>
   </div>
 </div>
 <formaction="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook"method="post">
   書籍名稱：<inputtype="text"name="bookName"><br><br><br>
   書籍數量：<inputtype="text"name="bookCounts"><br><br><br>
   書籍詳情：<inputtype="text"name="detail"><br><br><br>
   <inputtype="submit"value="新增">
 </form>

</div>

6、BookController 類編寫 ， 方法三：修改書籍

@RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook")
publicStringtoUpdateBook(Modelmodel,intid) {
 Booksbooks=bookService.queryBookById(id);
 System.out.println(books);
 model.addAttribute("book",books);
 return"updateBook";
}

@RequestMapping("/updateBook")
publicStringupdateBook(Modelmodel,Booksbook) {
 System.out.println(book);
 bookService.updateBook(book);
 Booksbooks=bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID());
 model.addAttribute("books",books);
 return"redirect:/book/allBook";
}

7、修改書籍頁面 updateBook.jsp

<%@taglibprefix="c"uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@pagecontentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"language="java"%>
<html>
<head>
 <title>修改資訊</title>
 <metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
 <linkhref="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<divclass="container">

 <divclass="row clearfix">
   <divclass="col-md-12 column">
     <divclass="page-header">
       <h1>
         <small>修改資訊</small>
       </h1>
     </div>
   </div>
 </div>

 <formaction="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook"method="post">
   <inputtype="hidden"name="bookID"value="${book.getBookID()}"/>
   書籍名稱：<inputtype="text"name="bookName"value="${book.getBookName()}"/>
   書籍數量：<inputtype="text"name="bookCounts"value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/>
   書籍詳情：<inputtype="text"name="detail"value="${book.getDetail() }"/>
   <inputtype="submit"value="提交"/>
 </form>

</div>

8、BookController 類編寫 ， 方法四：刪除書籍

@RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}")
publicStringdeleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId")intid) {
 bookService.deleteBookById(id);
 return"redirect:/book/allBook";
}

配置Tomcat，進行執行！

到目前為止，這個SSM專案整合已經完全的OK了，可以直接執行進行測試！這個練習十分的重要，大家需要保證，不看任何東西，自己也可以完整的實現出來！

專案結構圖

小結及展望

這個是同學們的第一個SSM整合案例，一定要爛熟於心！

SSM框架的重要程度是不言而喻的，學到這裡，大家已經可以進行基本網站的單獨開發。但是這只是增刪改查的基本操作。可以說學到這裡，大家才算是真正的步入了後臺開發的門。也就是能找一個後臺相關工作的底線。

或許很多人，工作就做這些事情，但是對於個人的提高來說，還遠遠不夠！

我們後面還要學習一些 SpringMVC 的知識！

• Ajax 和 Json

• 檔案上傳和下載

• 攔截器

前路漫漫，認真堅持最重要！