IDEA整合SSM框架：簡易圖書操作模組
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-02-08
這個SSM整合文章，以圖書的增刪改查為例
本篇文章原始碼已上傳：
Github：https://github.com/RivTian/University-coursework/tree/master/SSM-Template
搭建資料庫
建立一個存放書籍資料的資料庫表ssmbook：
CREATE DATABASE `ssmbook`; USE `ssmbook`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`; CREATE TABLE `books` ( `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '書id', `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '書名', `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '數量', `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述', KEY `bookID` (`bookID`) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES (1,'Java',1,'這是一個JAVA'), (2,'MySQL',10,'我是Mysql'), (3,'SSM',5,'SSM整合啦');
基本環境搭建
1、新建一Maven專案 ， 新增web的支援
2、匯入相關的pom依賴
<dependencies> <!--Junit--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.13</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!--資料庫驅動--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.46</version> </dependency> <!-- 資料庫連線池 --> <dependency> <!-- 必須使用 com.mchange 不然會出現 C3P0 連線池錯誤 --> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency> <!--Servlet - JSP --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!--Mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.0.6</version> </dependency> <!--Spring--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
3、Maven資源過濾設定
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <configuration> <!-- 設定編碼格式 --> <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> <!-- 控制 tomcat 埠號 --> <port>8080</port> <!-- 專案釋出到 tomcat 後的名稱 --> <!-- 如果寫 /，相當於專案釋出後的名稱為 ROOT --> <!-- 如果寫 /abc，相當於專案釋出後的名稱為 abc --> <path>/ssm</path> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
4、建立基本結構和配置框架
-
com.riotian.domain
-
com.riotian.mapper
-
com.riotian.service
-
com.riotian.controller
-
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> </configuration> -
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> </beans>
Mybatis層編寫
1、資料庫配置檔案
資料庫配置檔案 jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbook?useSSL=false
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=kokoro
2、關聯資料庫
IDEA關聯資料庫，用idea登陸上自己的資料庫
3、編寫MyBatis的核心配置檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--載入properties檔案-->
<properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>
<!--定義別名-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.riotian.domain"/>
</typeAliases>
<!--環境-->
<environments default="developement">
<environment id="developement">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--載入對映-->
<mappers>
<!--<mapper resource="com/riotian/mapper/BookMapper.xml"></mapper>-->
<package name="com.riotian.mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
4、實體類
編寫資料庫對應的實體類 Books（兩種方法）
一、使用lombok外掛，記得匯入Lombok依賴，idea要下載lombok外掛
如何在 IDEA 中使用 LomBok 外掛：Click Here
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
private int bookID;
private String bookName;
private int bookCounts;
private String detail;
}
二、手動新增方法
public class Books {
private int bookID;
private String bookName;
private int bookCounts;
private String detail;
public int getBookID() {
return bookID;
}
public void setBookID(int bookID) {
this.bookID = bookID;
}
public String getBookName() {
return bookName;
}
public void setBookName(String bookName) {
this.bookName = bookName;
}
public int getBookCounts() {
return bookCounts;
}
public void setBookCounts(int bookCounts) {
this.bookCounts = bookCounts;
}
public String getDetail() {
return detail;
}
public void setDetail(String detail) {
this.detail = detail;
}
public Books() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Books{" +
"bookID=" + bookID +
", bookName='" + bookName + '\'' +
", bookCounts=" + bookCounts +
", detail='" + detail + '\'' +
'}';
}
public Books(int bookID, String bookName, int bookCounts, String detail) {
this.bookID = bookID;
this.bookName = bookName;
this.bookCounts = bookCounts;
this.detail = detail;
}
}
5、編寫Mapper層的 Mapper介面以及其註解
public interface BookMapper {
//增加一個Book
@Insert("insert into ssmbook.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail) values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail})")
public int addBook(Books book);
//根據id刪除一個Book
@Delete("delete from ssmbook.books where bookID=#{bookID}")
public int deleteBookById(int id);
//更新Book
@Update("update ssmbook.books set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = #{detail} where bookID = #{bookID}")
public int updateBook(Books books);
//根據id查詢,返回一個Book
@Select("select * from ssmbook.books where bookID = #{bookID}")
public Books queryBookById(int id);
//查詢全部Book,返回list集合
@Select("select * from ssmbook.books")
public List<Books> queryAllBook();
}
6、編寫Service層
介面：
public interface BookService {
//增加一個Book
int addBook(Books book);
//根據id刪除一個Book
int deleteBookById(int id);
//更新Book
int updateBook(Books books);
//根據id查詢,返回一個Book
Books queryBookById(int id);
//查詢全部Book,返回list集合
List<Books> queryAllBook();
}
實現類：
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
private BookMapper bookMapper;
public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
}
public int addBook(Books book) {
return bookMapper.addBook(book);
}
public int deleteBookById(int id) {
return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
}
public int updateBook(Books books) {
return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
}
public Books queryBookById(int id) {
return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
}
public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
}
}
到此，底層需求操作編寫完畢
Spring層
1、配置Spring整合MyBatis，我們這裡資料來源使用c3p0連線池；
2、我們去編寫Spring整合Mybatis的相關的配置檔案：spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置整合mybatis -->
<!-- 1.關聯資料庫檔案 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 2.資料庫連線池 -->
<!--資料庫連線池
dbcp 半自動化操作 不能自動連線
c3p0 自動化操作（自動的載入配置檔案 並且設定到物件裡面）
-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 配置連線池屬性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<!-- c3p0連線池的私有屬性 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
<!-- 關閉連線後不自動commit -->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
<!-- 獲取連線超時時間 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
<!-- 當獲取連線失敗重試次數 -->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
</bean>
<!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory物件 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入資料庫連線池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 配置MyBaties全域性配置檔案:mybatis-config.xml -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 4.配置掃描Dao介面包，動態實現Dao介面注入到spring容器中 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<!-- 給出需要掃描Dao/mapper介面包 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.riotian.mapper"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3、Spring整合service層：spring-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 掃描service相關的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.riotian.service" />
<!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中-->
<bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.riotian.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入資料庫連線池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
</beans>
如果這個檔案出錯，是因為Spring的幾個配置檔案沒有整合在一起，有兩個方法：
一、手動關聯
File—Project Structure中：
如果不在同一個裡面，點 “+” 新增檔案。
二、語句引用
在配置檔案applicationContext.xml中加入引用語句：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
</beans>
這樣這三個xml檔案就關聯起來了。
SpringMVC層
1、web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--一定要注意:我們這裡載入的是總的配置檔案，之前被這裡坑了！-->
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--encodingFilter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--Session過期時間-->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
</web-app>
2、springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
<!-- 1.開啟SpringMVC註解驅動 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 2.靜態資源預設servlet配置-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 3.配置jsp 顯示ViewResolver檢視解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 4.掃描web相關的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.riotian.controller" />
</beans>
3、applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="spring-dao.xml"/>
<import resource="spring-service.xml"/>
<import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
</beans>
4.BookController類
@Controller
public class BookController {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
private BookService bookService;
// 方法一：查詢全部書籍
@RequestMapping("/allBook")
public String list(Model model) {
List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook();
model.addAttribute("list", list);
return "allBook";
}
// 方法二：新增書籍
@RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
public String toAddPaper() {
return "addBook";
}
@RequestMapping("/addBook")
public String addPaper(Books books) {
System.out.println(books);
bookService.addBook(books);
return "allBook";
}
// 方法三：修改書籍
@RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook")
public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) {
Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
System.out.println(books);
model.addAttribute("book",books );
return "updateBook";
}
@RequestMapping("/updateBook")
public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) {
System.out.println(book);
bookService.updateBook(book);
Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID());
model.addAttribute("books", books);
return "allBook";
}
// 方法四：刪除書籍
@RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}")
public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) {
bookService.deleteBookById(id);
return "allBook";
}
}
5.編寫jsp檔案
首頁 index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>首頁</title>
<style type="text/css">
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: black;
font-size: 18px;
}
h3 {
width: 180px;
height: 38px;
margin: 100px auto;
text-align: center;
line-height: 38px;
background: deepskyblue;
border-radius: 4px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/allBook">點選進入列表頁</a>
</h3>
</body>
</html>
以下 JSP 頁面建在 WEB-INF/pages/ 下
書籍列表頁面 allBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>書籍列表</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>
<small>書籍列表 —— 顯示所有書籍</small>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 column">
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/toAddBook">新增</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<table class="table table-hover table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>書籍編號</th>
<th>書籍名字</th>
<th>書籍數量</th>
<th>書籍詳情</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}">
<tr>
<td>${book.getBookID()}</td>
<td>${book.getBookName()}</td>
<td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td>
<td>${book.getDetail()}</td>
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> |
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/del/${book.getBookID()}">刪除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
新增書籍頁面：addBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>新增書籍</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>
<small>新增書籍</small>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/addBook" method="post">
書籍名稱：<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br>
書籍數量：<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br>
書籍詳情：<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="新增">
</form>
</div>
修改書籍頁面 updateBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>修改資訊</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- 引入 Bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>
<small>修改資訊</small>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/updateBook" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/>
書籍名稱：<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/>
書籍數量：<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/>
書籍詳情：<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</div>
因為在 Maven 已經配置好 Tomcat 了，所以直接部署即可
專案架構展示
專案結構圖
專案頁面展示
總結
遇到的錯誤
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Receiver class com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyResultSet does not define or inherit an implementati
這個錯誤是 maven 導包時導錯了
dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> -
A child container failed during start
使用 maven 配置 tomcat7 執行一直報這個錯誤，還沒有找到好的解決方法解決方法：pom.xml檔案中servlet-api和jsp-api的座標中缺少了scope，載入 <scrop>就可以了
<!--Servlet - JSP --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
還有意識到，idea的maven工程，程式碼有錯除錯，重新部署tomcat伺服器時間好長。
這個問題一定要解決，不然每次改程式碼，重新部署，重新整理，除錯，時間太長。
Tips：時間會解決一切