python中呼叫API的幾種方式：

- urllib2
- requests

一、呼叫別人的介面

案例1、urllib2

import urllib2, urllib
github_url ='https://api.github.com/user/repos'
password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
password_manager.add_password(None,github_url, 'user', '***')
auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
 
# create an authentication handler
opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth)# create an opener with the authentication handler
urllib2.install_opener(opener)# install the opener
    ...
request = urllib2.Request(github_url,
    urllib.urlencode({
        'name': 'Test repo',
        'description': 'Some test repository
 
'
    }))# Manual encoding required
handler = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print handler.read()

案例2、requests

import requests, json
github_url = "
data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'}) 
r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****'))
print r.json

import requests
 
from lxml import etree
from random import randint

def get_joke():
    url="http://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/"+ str(randint(1,5))
    r = requests.get(url)
    tree = etree.HTML(r.text)
    contentlist = tree.xpath('//div[@class="content"]/span')
    jokes = []
    for content in contentlist:
        content = content.xpath('string(.)') # string() 函式將所有子文字串聯起來，# 必須傳遞單個節點，而不是節點集。
        if '檢視全文' in  content:  # 忽略包含“檢視原文”笑話
            continue
        jokes.append(content)
    joke = jokes[randint(1, len(jokes))].strip()
    return joke

if __name__ == "__main__":
    content = get_joke()
    print(content)

二、python一個http介面服務，給別人呼叫 ----之Flask

案例1、flask、get介面程式碼實現

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# flask


from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
 
 
app = Flask(__name__)
 
 
@app.route('/test', methods=["GET"])
def calculate():
    a = request.args.get("a", 0)
    b = request.args.get("b", 0)
    c = int(a) + int(b)
    res = {"result": c}
    return jsonify(content_type='application/json;charset=utf-8',
                   reason='success',
                   charset='utf-8',
                   status='200',
                   content=res)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',
            threaded=True,
            debug=False,

呼叫方式：

http://127.0.0.1:8080/test?a=1&b=4

案例2、post介面flask

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
 
app = Flask(__name__)
 
@app.route('/test', methods=["POST"])
def calculate():
    params = request.form if request.form else request.json
    print(params)
    a = params.get("a", 0)
    b = params.get("b", 0)
    c = a + b
    res = {"result": c}
    return jsonify(content_type='application/json;charset=utf-8',
                   reason='success',
                   charset='utf-8',
                   status='200',
                   content=res)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',
            threaded=True,
            debug=True,
            port=8080)
 

呼叫方式

http://127.0.0.1:8080/test

最常用介面形式

POST API介面：

import json
import requests
if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9001/rsa/set_uplod"
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
    requestData = {"certificate_no": "56565656565656", "auth_code": "123456"}
    ret = requests.post(url, json=requestData, headers=headers)
    if ret.status_code == 200:
        text = json.loads(ret.text)
        print(text)






get  API 介面：

import json
import requests

if __name__ == '__main__':

    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9001/getSha1Test?message=APP000051527151133935949D49FDC0A86605313931B9BB9A4C87"
    ret = requests.get(url)
    if ret.status_code == 200:
        text = json.loads(ret.text)
        print(text)

三、二、python一個http介面服務，給別人呼叫 ----之FastAPI

這次選擇fastapi，FastAPI是一個現代的、快速（高效能）的web框架，用於基於標準Python型別提示使用Python 3.6+構建api。具有快速、快速編碼、更少的錯誤、直觀、簡單、簡便、健壯。簡易而且本地win10能夠跑起來。

二、FastAPI的get介面程式碼實現

1.安裝:pip install fastapi

pip installuvicorn

# !/usr/bin/python
 
from fastapi import FastAPI
 
app = FastAPI()
 
@app.get('/test/a={a}/b={b}')
def calculate(a: int=None, b: int=None):
    c = a + b
    res = {"res":c}
    return res
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app=app,
                host="0.0.0.0",
                port=8080,
                workers=1)

介面訪問:http://127.0.0.1:8080/test/a=1/b=4

from pydantic import BaseModel
from fastapi import FastAPI
 
app = FastAPI()
 
class Item(BaseModel):
    a: int = None
    b: int = None
 
@app.post('/test')
def calculate(request_data: Item):
    a = request_data.a
    b = request_data.b
    c = a + b
    res = {"res":c}
    return res
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app=app,
                host="0.0.0.0",
                port=8080,
                workers=1)

介面訪問：http://127.0.0.1:8080/test