1.預配置

import requests
ss = requests.Session()
ss.headers.update({‘user-agent‘:‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:54.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/54.0‘})


# C:\Program Files\Anaconda2\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py:858: InsecureRequestWarning:
# Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: ht
 

# tps://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
ss.verify = False
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning
from warnings import filterwarnings
filterwarnings(‘ignore‘, category = InsecureRequestWarning)


# http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/api.html
import logging
 
try:
    from http.client import HTTPConnection
except ImportError:
    from httplib import HTTPConnection
HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 0  #關閉 0 開啟 1

logging.basicConfig()
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log = logging.getLogger("requests.packages.urllib3")
requests_log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
requests_log.propagate 
 
= True


def s_hooks(r, *args, **kwargs):
    print(‘#‘*20)
    print(r.url, r.request.method, r.status_code, r.reason)
    print(‘request  Content-Type: {} body: {}‘.format(r.request.headers.get(‘Content-Type‘), r.request.body))
    print(‘response Content-Type: {} body length: {}‘.format(r.headers.get(‘Content-Type‘), len(r.content)))
    if ‘json‘ in r.headers.get(‘Content-Type‘, ‘‘).lower():
        print(r.content)
    print(‘#‘*20)    
ss.hooks = dict(response=s_hooks)

def httpbin(postfix=‘‘):
    return ‘http://httpbin.org/‘ + postfix

# r = ss.post(httpbin(‘post‘),json=dict([(‘a‘,1),(‘b‘,2)]) )

2.Content-Type

Sending JSON in Requests

import requests
from pprint import pprint
ss = requests.Session()
ss.headers[‘Content-Type‘] = ‘application/myjson‘
r = ss.post(‘https://httpbin.org/post‘, json={‘my‘: ‘json‘}, headers={‘Content-Type‘:‘somejson‘})
pprint(r.json())

優先級由高到低： 傳參 headers={‘Content-Type‘:‘somejson‘} >>> ss.headers >>> 傳參 json= 自動生成的 u‘Content-Type‘: u‘application/json‘

3. Using Retries in requests

Retries in Requests

（1）簡單粗暴

s.mount(‘https://‘, HTTPAdapter(max_retries=5))

（2）更細粒度

from requests.packages.urllib3.util import Retry
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from requests import Session

s = Session()
s.mount(‘https://pypi.python.org/‘, HTTPAdapter(
    max_retries=Retry(total=5, status_forcelist=[500, 503])
    )
)
r = s.get(‘https://pypi.python.org/simple/requests/‘)

python之requests 亂七八糟