一、Requests基礎API

#HTTP請求型別
#get型別
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
#post型別
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
#put型別
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
#delete型別
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
#head型別
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
#options型別
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")

#獲取響應內容
print r.content #以位元組的方式去顯示，中文顯示為字元
print r.text #以文字的方式去顯示

#URL傳遞引數
payload = {'keyword': '中國', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) 
print r.url #示例為http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=中國

#獲取/修改網頁編碼
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.encoding
r.encoding = 'utf-8'

#json處理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.json() #需要先import json    

#定製請求頭
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print r.request.headers

#複雜post請求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果傳遞的payload是string而不是dict，需要先呼叫dumps方法格式化一下

#post多部分編碼檔案
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

#響應狀態碼
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print r.status_code
    
#響應頭
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print r.headers
print r.headers['Content-Type']
print r.headers.get('content-type') #訪問響應頭部分內容的兩種方式
    
#Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name']    #讀取cookies
    
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #傳送cookies

#設定超時時間
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)

#設定訪問代理
proxies = {
           "http": "http://10.10.10.10:8888",
           "https": "http://10.10.10.100:4444",
          }
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)
 

二、Requests示例

json請求

#!/user/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import requests
import json

class url_request():
    def __init__(self):
            """ init """    

if __name__=='__main__':
    headers = {'Content-Type' : 'application/json'}
    payload = {'CountryName':'中國',
               'ProvinceName':'陝西省',
               'L1CityName':'漢中',
               'L2CityName':'城固',
               'TownName':'',
               'Longitude':'107.33393',
               'Latitude':'33.157131',
               'Language':'CN'
               }
    r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity",headers=headers,data=payload)
    #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data=r.json()
    if r.status_code!=200:
        print "LBSLocateCity API Error " + str(r.status_code)
    print data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID'] #列印返回json中的某個key的value
    print data['ResponseStatus']['Ack']
    print json.dumps(data,indent=4,sort_keys=True,ensure_ascii=False) #樹形列印json，ensure_ascii必須設為False否則中文會顯示為unicode
 

xml請求

#!/user/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import requests

class url_request():
    def __init__(self):
            """ init """    

if __name__=='__main__':
    
    headers = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'}
    XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>'
    url = 'http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx'
    r = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=XML)
    #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.text
    print data