SpringMVC簡單使用教程
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-11-06
pathvaria 簡單使用 world direct sdf lns 演示 pub gets
一、SpringMVC簡單入門，創建一個HelloWorld程序
1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關於SpringMVC的配置
1 <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> 2 <servlet> 3 <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> 4 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 5 <init-param> 6 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 7 <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> 8 </init-param> 9 <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> 10 </servlet> 11<servlet-mapping> 12 <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> 13 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 14 </servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> 9 <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> 10 <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> 11 <!-- don‘t handle the static resource --> 12 <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> 13 <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> 14 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 15 16 <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> 17 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 18 id="internalResourceViewResolver"> 19 <!-- 前綴 --> 20 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> 21 <!-- 後綴 --> 22 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> 23 </bean> 24 </beans>
4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller，如下所示:
6.編寫Controller代碼
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/mvc") 3 public class mvcController { 4 @RequestMapping("/hello") 5 public String hello(){ 6 return "hello"; 7 } 8 }
7.啟動服務器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
視圖名稱解析器
3.以上出現的註解
@Controller 負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
三、SpringMVC常用註解
@Controller
負責註冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
註解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求
@RequestBody
該註解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據，使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然後把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上
@ResponseBody
該註解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後，寫入到Response對象的body數據區
@ModelAttribute
在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上標註了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 註解：可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象，再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中，再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法
@PathVariable
綁定 URL 占位符到入參
@ExceptionHandler
註解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法註解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常
四、自動匹配參數
1 //match automatically 2 @RequestMapping("/person") 3 public String toPerson(String name,double age){ 4 System.out.println(name+" "+age); 5 return "hello"; 6 }
五、自動裝箱
1.編寫一個Person實體類
1 package test.SpringMVC.model; 2 public class Person { 3 public String getName() { 4 return name; 5 } 6 public void setName(String name) { 7 this.name = name; 8 } 9 public int getAge() { 10 return age; 11 } 12 public void setAge(int age) { 13 this.age = age; 14 } 15 private String name; 16 private int age; 17 18 }
2.在Controller裏編寫方法
1 //boxing automatically 2 @RequestMapping("/person1") 3 public String toPerson(Person p){ 4 System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); 5 return "hello"; 6 }
六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數
1 //the parameter was converted in initBinder 2 @RequestMapping("/date") 3 public String date(Date date){ 4 System.out.println(date); 5 return "hello"; 6 } 7 8 //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" 9 @InitBinder 10 public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ 11 binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), 12 true)); 13 }
七、向前臺傳遞參數
1 //pass the parameters to front-end 2 @RequestMapping("/show") 3 public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ 4 Person p =new Person(); 5 map.put("p", p); 6 p.setAge(20); 7 p.setName("jayjay"); 8 return "show"; 9 }
八、使用Ajax調用
1 //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax 2 @RequestMapping("/getPerson") 3 public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ 4 pw.write("hello,"+name); 5 } 6 @RequestMapping("/name") 7 public String sayHello(){ 8 return "name"; 9 }
1 $(function(){ 2 $("#btn").click(function(){ 3 $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ 4 alert(data); 5 }); 6 }); 7 });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求
1 //redirect 2 @RequestMapping("/redirect") 3 public String redirect(){ 4 return "redirect:hello"; 5 }
十、文件上傳
1.需要導入兩個jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
1 <!-- upload settings --> 2 <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> 3 <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> 4 </bean>
3.方法代碼
1 @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) 2 public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ 3 MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; 4 MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); 5 String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); 6 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); 7 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ 8 "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(‘.‘))); 9 fos.write(file.getBytes()); 10 fos.flush(); 11 fos.close(); 12 13 return "hello"; 14 }
4.前臺form表單
1 <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 2 <input type="file" name="file"><br> 3 <input type="submit" value="submit"> 4 </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam註解指定參數的name
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/test") 3 public class mvcController1 { 4 @RequestMapping(value="/param") 5 public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, 6 @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ 7 System.out.println(id+" "+name); 8 return "/hello"; 9 } 10 }
十二、Restful風格的SringMVC
1.RestController
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/rest") 3 public class RestController { 4 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) 5 public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ 6 System.out.println("get"+id); 7 return "/hello"; 8 } 9 10 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) 11 public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ 12 System.out.println("post"+id); 13 return "/hello"; 14 } 15 16 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) 17 public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ 18 System.out.println("put"+id); 19 return "/hello"; 20 } 21 22 @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) 23 public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ 24 System.out.println("delete"+id); 25 return "/hello"; 26 } 27 28 }
2.form表單發送put和delete請求
在web.xml中配置:
1 <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> 2 <filter> 3 <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> 4 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> 5 </filter> 6 <filter-mapping> 7 <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> 8 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 9 </filter-mapping>
在前臺的請求:
1 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> 2 <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> 3 <input type="submit" value="put"> 4 </form> 5 6 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> 7 <input type="submit" value="post"> 8 </form> 9 10 <form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> 11 <input type="submit" value="get"> 12 </form> 13 14 <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> 15 <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> 16 <input type="submit" value="delete"> 17 </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.導入以下jar包
2.方法代碼
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/json") 3 public class jsonController { 4 5 @ResponseBody 6 @RequestMapping("/user") 7 public User get(){ 8 User u = new User(); 9 u.setId(1); 10 u.setName("jayjay"); 11 u.setBirth(new Date()); 12 return u; 13 } 14 }
十四、異常的處理
1.處理局部異常（Controller內）
1 @ExceptionHandler 2 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ 3 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); 4 mv.addObject("exception", ex); 5 System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); 6 return mv; 7 } 8 9 @RequestMapping("/error") 10 public String error(){ 11 int i = 5/0; 12 return "hello"; 13 }
2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）
1 @ControllerAdvice 2 public class testControllerAdvice { 3 @ExceptionHandler 4 public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ 5 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); 6 mv.addObject("exception", ex); 7 System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); 8 return mv; 9 } 10 }
3.另一種處理全局異常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置:
1 <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> 2 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> 3 <property name="exceptionMappings"> 4 <props> 5 <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> 6 </props> 7 </property> 8 </bean>
說明:error是出錯頁面
十五、設置一個自定義攔截器
1.創建一個MyInterceptor類，並實現HandlerInterceptor接口
1 public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { 2 @Override 3 public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, 4 HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) 5 throws Exception { 6 System.out.println("afterCompletion"); 7 } 8 @Override 9 public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, 10 Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { 11 System.out.println("postHandle"); 12 } 13 @Override 14 public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, 15 Object arg2) throws Exception { 16 System.out.println("preHandle"); 17 return true; 18 } 19 }
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
1 <!-- interceptor setting --> 2 <mvc:interceptors> 3 <mvc:interceptor> 4 <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> 5 <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> 6 </mvc:interceptor> 7 </mvc:interceptors>
3.攔截器執行順序
十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化
1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
2.編寫實體類User並加上驗證註解
1 public class User { 2 public int getId() { 3 return id; 4 } 5 public void setId(int id) { 6 this.id = id; 7 } 8 public String getName() { 9 return name; 10 } 11 public void setName(String name) { 12 this.name = name; 13 } 14 public Date getBirth() { 15 return birth; 16 } 17 public void setBirth(Date birth) { 18 this.birth = birth; 19 } 20 @Override 21 public String toString() { 22 return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; 23 } 24 private int id; 25 @NotEmpty 26 private String name; 27 @Past 28 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") 29 private Date birth; 30 }
說明:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單
1 <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> 2 id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> 3 name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> 4 birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> 5 <input type="submit" value="submit"> 6 </form:form>
說明:path對應name
4.Controller中代碼
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/form") 3 public class formController { 4 @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST) 5 public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ 6 if(br.getErrorCount()>0){ 7 return "addUser"; 8 } 9 return "showUser"; 10 } 11 12 @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) 13 public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ 14 map.put("user",new User()); 15 return "addUser"; 16 } 17 }
補充：
1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的註解驗證參數
3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯
5.錯誤信息自定義
在src目錄下添加locale.properties
1 NotEmpty.user.name=name can‘t not be empty 2 Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value 3 DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong 4 typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong 5 typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
1 <!-- configure the locale resource --> 2 <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> 3 <property name="basename" value="locale"></property> 4 </bean>
6.國際化顯示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
1 username=賬號 2 password=密碼
locale.properties中添加
1 username=username 2 password=password
創建一個locale.jsp
1 <body> 2 <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> 3 <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> 4 </body>
在SpringMVC中配置
1 <!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> 2 <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問
最後，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了
十七、整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，並創建各類
2.User實體類
1 public class User { 2 public int getId() { 3 return id; 4 } 5 public void setId(int id) { 6 this.id = id; 7 } 8 public String getName() { 9 return name; 10 } 11 public void setName(String name) { 12 this.name = name; 13 } 14 public Date getBirth() { 15 return birth; 16 } 17 public void setBirth(Date birth) { 18 this.birth = birth; 19 } 20 @Override 21 public String toString() { 22 return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; 23 } 24 private int id; 25 @NotEmpty 26 private String name; 27 @Past 28 @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") 29 private Date birth; 30 }
3.UserService類
1 @Component 2 public class UserService { 3 public UserService(){ 4 System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); 5 } 6 7 public void save(){ 8 System.out.println("save"); 9 } 10 }
4.UserController類
1 @Controller 2 @RequestMapping("/integrate") 3 public class UserController { 4 @Autowired 5 private UserService userService; 6 7 @RequestMapping("/user") 8 public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ 9 System.out.println(u); 10 userService.save(); 11 return "hello"; 12 } 13 }
5.Spring配置文件
在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/util 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 10 " 11 xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" 12 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 13 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 14 > 15 <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> 16 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 17 expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> 18 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 19 expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> 20 </context:component-scan> 21 22 </beans>
在web.xml中添加配置
1 <!-- configure the springIOC --> 2 <listener> 3 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 4 </listener> 5 <context-param> 6 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 7 <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> 8 </context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合
1 <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> 2 <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> 3 <context:include-filter type="annotation" 4 expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> 5 <context:include-filter type="annotation" 6 expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> 7 </context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖
十九、SpringMVC運行原理
1. 客戶端請求提交到DispatcherServlet
2. 由DispatcherServlet控制器查詢一個或多個HandlerMapping，找到處理請求的Controller
3. DispatcherServlet將請求提交到Controller
4. Controller調用業務邏輯處理後，返回ModelAndView
5. DispatcherServlet查詢一個或多個ViewResoler視圖解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的視圖
6. 視圖負責將結果顯示到客戶端
二十、SpringMVC與struts2的區別
1、springmvc基於方法開發的，struts2基於類開發的。springmvc將url和controller裏的方法映射。映射成功後springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參數據銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。
2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，並且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。
3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在於使用struts標簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。
SpringMVC簡單使用教程