單實例安裝

近些年,由於內存技術的提升、造價的下降，越來越多企業的服務器內存已增加到幾百G。這樣的內存容量給了內存數據庫一個良好的發展環境。 而使用Redis是內存數據庫的一股清流，漸有洪大之勢。下面就來接觸下redis。從安裝開始。

1.1 安裝

1.1.1 安裝

從redis 官網下載：http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-stable.tar.gz

也可以在http://download.redis.io/releases/ 上查找自己想要的版本。

順便將redis的windows客戶端也下載下來: https://github.com/uglide/RedisDesktopManager/releases/

將下載的redis-stable.tar.gz 上傳至服務器，並解壓到指定路徑。

示例：

#tar -xzvf ./redis-stable.tar.gz
#cd redis-stable
#make                                      # 編譯redis,生成可執行文件
#cd src
#make install PREFIX=/usr/                 # 將make 操作生成的幾個可執行文件復制至prefix指定的路徑

 Hint: It‘s a good idea to run ‘make test‘ ;)

     INSTALL install
     INSTALL install
     INSTALL install
     INSTALL install
     INSTALL install
#yum install -y tcl                        # make test 需要tcl 依賴包，版本要求8.5以上
 .....
#make test                                 # 共進行46項測試,測試完成，會輸出匯總信息
......華麗麗的省略線......  
Execution time of different units:
  2 seconds - unit/printver
  2 seconds - unit/type/incr
  3 seconds - unit/keyspace
  4 seconds - unit/scan
  4 seconds - unit/auth
  3 seconds - unit/quit
  6 seconds - unit/protocol
  5 seconds - unit/multi
  17 seconds - unit/expire
  28 seconds - unit/type/list
  38 seconds - integration/aof
  65 seconds - unit/other
  76 seconds - unit/type/hash
  12 seconds - integration/convert-zipmap-hash-on-load
  13 seconds - integration/rdb
  5 seconds - integration/logging
  5 seconds - unit/pubsub
  4 seconds - unit/slowlog
  99 seconds - unit/type/string
  105 seconds - unit/type/set
  5 seconds - unit/introspection
  35 seconds - integration/psync2-reg
  6 seconds - unit/limits
  10 seconds - unit/introspection-2
  46 seconds - integration/psync2
  130 seconds - integration/replication-2
  137 seconds - unit/type/zset
  50 seconds - unit/scripting
  17 seconds - unit/bitfield
  152 seconds - unit/sort
  149 seconds - unit/aofrw
  14 seconds - unit/lazyfree
  15 seconds - unit/wait
  53 seconds - unit/bitops
  187 seconds - unit/dump
  58 seconds - unit/memefficiency
  197 seconds - integration/replication
  103 seconds - unit/maxmemory
  197 seconds - integration/replication-psync
  234 seconds - unit/type/list-2
  238 seconds - unit/type/list-3
  237 seconds - integration/replication-3
  241 seconds - integration/replication-4
  116 seconds - unit/hyperloglog
  131 seconds - unit/geo
  199 seconds - unit/obuf-limits

\o/ All tests passed without errors!


Cleanup: may take some time... OK~

1.1.2 了解可執行文件

redis-benchmark

redis性能測試工具

redis-check-aof

檢查aof日誌的工具

redis-check-dump

檢查rdb日誌的工具

redis-cli

連接用的客戶端

redis-server

redis服務進程

1.2 配置

1.2.1 移動配置文件

redis 解壓後，在解壓路徑裏有 redis.conf 文件。該文件包含了所使用版本中的所有 可用參數，及部署默認配置。一般我們要將該參數存放到一個統一的位置以便日後進行統 一管理。這裏我將該文件存放至/etc/redis 中。文件名將以redis端口號命名。

makedir -p /etc/redis
cp /path/redis-stable/redis.conf /etc/redis/6379.conf

下面了解下各參數的意義。並配置相應參數。其中最重要的是bind 和port。 這兩個參數 決定了我們是否可以從外部連接到redis數據庫。

1.2.2 參數配置

不同的版本中參數也不一樣。下面是部分參數的解釋。 在版本中有特別指定的，說明只適用於該版本。 redis 4.0.8 默認參數：

bind 127.0.0.1                  # 註意調整此參數值
protected-mode yes              #
port 6379                       # 默認是6379，同一服務器的其他redis一定要修改此參數
tcp-backlog 511
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 300
daemonize yes
supervised no
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
loglevel debug
logfile "/var/log/redis.log"
databases 16
always-show-logo yes
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir ./                          # 建議調整為絕對路徑。否則容易找不到日誌文件
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-diskless-sync no
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
slave-lazy-flush no
appendonly no
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
aof-load-truncated yes
aof-use-rdb-preamble no
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
latency-monitor-threshold 0
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
list-max-ziplist-size -2
list-compress-depth 0
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

1.3 啟停服務

1.3.1 啟動

redis 啟動的命令非常簡單.

redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf

啟動時，會有如下提示:

582:C 28 Feb 03:03:42.226 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
582:C 28 Feb 03:03:42.226 # Redis version=4.0.8, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=582, just started
582:C 28 Feb 03:03:42.227 # Configuration loaded
582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.228 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
                _._                                                  
           _.-``__ ‘‘-._                                             
      _.-``    `.  `_.  ‘‘-._           Redis 4.0.8 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ‘‘-._                                   
 (    ‘      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in standalone mode
 |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|‘` _.-‘|     Port: 6379
 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-‘    |     PID: 582
  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-‘    _.-‘                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-‘    _.-‘_.-‘|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-‘_.-‘    |           http://redis.io        
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-‘_.-‘    _.-‘                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-‘    _.-‘_.-‘|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-‘_.-‘    |                                  
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-‘_.-‘    _.-‘                                   
      `-._    `-.__.-‘    _.-‘                                       
          `-._        _.-‘                                           
              `-.__.-‘                                               

582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.229 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.229 # Server initialized
582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.229 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add ‘vm.overcommit_memory = 1‘ to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command ‘sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1‘ for this to take effect.
582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.229 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command ‘echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled‘ as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.229 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds
582:M 28 Feb 03:03:42.229 * Ready to accept connections

1.3.2 設置開機自啟動

echo redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf  >> /etc/rc.local

1.3.3 停止

   redis-cli shutdown
　　或者
 　pkill redis-server

redis 單實例安裝