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scrapy-redis

pass 功能 轉換成 his int headers _id 處理 ref

scrapy-redis是一個基於redis的scrapy組件,通過它可以快速實現簡單分布式爬蟲程序,該組件本質上提供了三大功能:

  • scheduler - 調度器
  • dupefilter - URL去重規則(被調度器使用)
  • pipeline - 數據持久化

scrapy-redis組件

1. URL去重

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123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748定義去重規則(被調度器調用並應用)
a. 內部會使用以下配置進行連接Redis # REDIS_HOST = ‘localhost‘ # 主機名 # REDIS_PORT = 6379 # 端口 # REDIS_URL = ‘redis://user:pass@hostname:9001‘ # 連接URL(優先於以上配置) # REDIS_PARAMS = {} # Redis連接參數 默認:REDIS_PARAMS = {‘socket_timeout‘: 30,‘socket_connect_timeout‘: 30,‘retry_on_timeout‘: True,‘encoding‘: REDIS_ENCODING,})
# REDIS_PARAMS[‘redis_cls‘] = ‘myproject.RedisClient‘ # 指定連接Redis的Python模塊 默認:redis.StrictRedis # REDIS_ENCODING = "utf-8" # redis編碼類型 默認:‘utf-8‘ b. 去重規則通過redis的集合完成,集合的Key為: key = defaults.DUPEFILTER_KEY % {‘timestamp‘: int(time.time())}
默認配置: DUPEFILTER_KEY = ‘dupefilter:%(timestamp)s‘ c. 去重規則中將url轉換成唯一標示,然後在redis中檢查是否已經在集合中存在 from scrapy.utils import request from scrapy.http import Request req = Request(url=‘http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi.html‘) result = request.request_fingerprint(req) print(result) # 8ea4fd67887449313ccc12e5b6b92510cc53675c PS: - URL參數位置不同時,計算結果一致; - 默認請求頭不在計算範圍,include_headers可以設置指定請求頭 示例: from scrapy.utils import request from scrapy.http import Request req = Request(url=‘http://www.baidu.com?name=8&id=1‘,callback=lambda x:print(x),cookies={‘k1‘:‘vvvvv‘}) result = request.request_fingerprint(req,include_headers=[‘cookies‘,]) print(result) req = Request(url=‘http://www.baidu.com?id=1&name=8‘,callback=lambda x:print(x),cookies={‘k1‘:666}) result = request.request_fingerprint(req,include_headers=[‘cookies‘,]) print(result) """# Ensure all spiders share same duplicates filter through redis.# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

2. 調度器

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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041"""調度器,調度器使用PriorityQueue(有序集合)、FifoQueue(列表)、LifoQueue(列表)進行保存請求,並且使用RFPDupeFilter對URL去重 a. 調度器 SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue‘ # 默認使用優先級隊列(默認),其他:PriorityQueue(有序集合),FifoQueue(列表)、LifoQueue(列表) SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY = ‘%(spider)s:requests‘ # 調度器中請求存放在redis中的key SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER = "scrapy_redis.picklecompat" # 對保存到redis中的數據進行序列化,默認使用pickle SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True # 是否在關閉時候保留原來的調度器和去重記錄,True=保留,False=清空 SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = True # 是否在開始之前清空 調度器和去重記錄,True=清空,False=不清空 SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE = 10 # 去調度器中獲取數據時,如果為空,最多等待時間(最後沒數據,未獲取到)。 SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY = ‘%(spider)s:dupefilter‘ # 去重規則,在redis中保存時對應的key SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter‘# 去重規則對應處理的類 """# Enables scheduling storing requests queue in redis.SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler" # Default requests serializer is pickle, but it can be changed to any module# with loads and dumps functions. Note that pickle is not compatible between# python versions.# Caveat: In python 3.x, the serializer must return strings keys and support# bytes as values. Because of this reason the json or msgpack module will not# work by default. In python 2.x there is no such issue and you can use# ‘json‘ or ‘msgpack‘ as serializers.# SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER = "scrapy_redis.picklecompat" # Don‘t cleanup redis queues, allows to pause/resume crawls.# SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True # Schedule requests using a priority queue. (default)# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue‘ # Alternative queues.# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.queue.FifoQueue‘# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.queue.LifoQueue‘ # Max idle time to prevent the spider from being closed when distributed crawling.# This only works if queue class is SpiderQueue or SpiderStack,# and may also block the same time when your spider start at the first time (because the queue is empty).# SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE = 10  

3. 數據持久化

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123456782. 定義持久化,爬蟲yield Item對象時執行RedisPipeline a. 將item持久化到redis時,指定key和序列化函數 REDIS_ITEMS_KEY = ‘%(spider)s:items‘ REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER = ‘json.dumps‘ b. 使用列表保存item數據

4. 起始URL相關

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12345678910111213141516"""起始URL相關 a. 獲取起始URL時,去集合中獲取還是去列表中獲取?True,集合;False,列表 REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET = False # 獲取起始URL時,如果為True,則使用self.server.spop;如果為False,則使用self.server.lpop b. 編寫爬蟲時,起始URL從redis的Key中獲取 REDIS_START_URLS_KEY = ‘%(name)s:start_urls‘ """# If True, it uses redis‘ ``spop`` operation. This could be useful if you# want to avoid duplicates in your start urls list. In this cases, urls must# be added via ``sadd`` command or you will get a type error from redis.# REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET = False # Default start urls key for RedisSpider and RedisCrawlSpider.# REDIS_START_URLS_KEY = ‘%(name)s:start_urls‘

scrapy-redis示例

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# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"
#
#
# from scrapy_redis.scheduler import Scheduler
# from scrapy_redis.queue import PriorityQueue
# SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue‘          # 默認使用優先級隊列(默認),其他:PriorityQueue(有序集合),FifoQueue(列表)、LifoQueue(列表)
# SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY = ‘%(spider)s:requests‘                         # 調度器中請求存放在redis中的key
# SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER = "scrapy_redis.picklecompat"                  # 對保存到redis中的數據進行序列化,默認使用pickle
# SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True                                            # 是否在關閉時候保留原來的調度器和去重記錄,True=保留,False=清空
# SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = False                                    # 是否在開始之前清空 調度器和去重記錄,True=清空,False=不清空
# SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE = 10                                    # 去調度器中獲取數據時,如果為空,最多等待時間(最後沒數據,未獲取到)。
# SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY = ‘%(spider)s:dupefilter‘                  # 去重規則,在redis中保存時對應的key
# SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter‘# 去重規則對應處理的類
#
#
#
# REDIS_HOST = ‘10.211.55.13‘                           # 主機名
# REDIS_PORT = 6379                                     # 端口
# # REDIS_URL = ‘redis://user:pass@hostname:9001‘       # 連接URL(優先於以上配置)
# # REDIS_PARAMS  = {}                                  # Redis連接參數             默認:REDIS_PARAMS = {‘socket_timeout‘: 30,‘socket_connect_timeout‘: 30,‘retry_on_timeout‘: True,‘encoding‘: REDIS_ENCODING,})
# # REDIS_PARAMS[‘redis_cls‘] = ‘myproject.RedisClient‘ # 指定連接Redis的Python模塊  默認:redis.StrictRedis
# REDIS_ENCODING = "utf-8"                              # redis編碼類型             默認:‘utf-8‘
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import scrapy


class ChoutiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "chouti"
    allowed_domains = ["chouti.com"]
    start_urls = (
        http://www.chouti.com/,
    )

    def parse(self, response):
        for i in range(0,10):
            yield
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scrapy-redis