本文為芬蘭奧盧應用科學大學（作者：Simon Mensah）的碩士論文，共71頁。

這篇碩士論文的主要目的是詳細概述為物聯網（IoT）應用程式的實現設計最有前途的協議，其目的還在於為新的研究和應用開發人員選擇應用程式的最佳協議提供理解與建議。對現有的IoT體系結構、協議棧、IoT閘道器效能以及具有協議語義互操作性的資料管理進行了綜述，以供開發人員參考。同時，對即將到來的5G蜂窩技術也給出了一個快速的概述，該技術已經被計劃用於物聯網的全面部署，以提供物聯網在不久將來的概貌。

本論文的工作主要是通過收集相關的科學論文和已批准的物聯網（IoT）技術標準來進行的。此外，由於協議標準的不同，通過聯絡IoT行業的參與者以進一步研究實時應用程式實現面臨的挑戰以及他們在協議選擇和與其它應用程式互連性或互操作性方面所面臨的約束。

只要沒有實現IoT協議的通用標準，本研究的結果將作為IoT應用開發人員在開發IoT產品時選擇正確應用協議的指導。再次，由於缺乏IoT的共同標準，不同廠商裝置之間的互聯或互操作性對消費者來說是一個挑戰。因此，本文的研究結果將幫助消費者從當今市場上的大量IoT產品中仔細考慮互操作特性。然而，今後關於這個課題的研究可以繼續展開，以研究如何實現本工作所呈現的應用層協議之間的語義互操作性，使得來自一個供應商應用程式的資料可以在另一個供應商應用程式中以相似的格式表示。

The main objective of this Master’s thesiswas to present a detailed overview of the most promising protocols designed forthe Internet of Things (IoT) application implementation. The objective was alsoto serve as a comprehension for new researches and application developers tochoose the best protocol for their applications deployment. A review on theexisting IoT architectures, the protocol stacks, IoT gateway performance anddata management with semantic interoperability of the protocols were presentedto serve as a guide for developers. Also, a quick overview on the upcoming 5G cellular technology, which has beenplanned to have more promising technology for IoT full deployment is alsopresented to give an idea of what IoT will be in near future. This thesis workwas conducted mainly by a collection of relevant scientific papers and approvedstandards of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Also, players in the IoTindustry were personally contacted for further real-time applicationimplementation challenges and the constrains they face in terms of the choiceof protocol and the interconnectivity or interoperability with otherapplications due to different protocol standards. As long as there is no commonstandard for IoT protocol implementation, the result of this study will serveas a guide for IoT application developers to help them to choose the rightapplication protocol when developing an IoT product. Again, due to the lack ofcommon standard for IoT, interconnectivity or interoperability between devicesfrom different vendors is a challenge for consumers, hence, the result of thisthesis will help consumers to choose carefully from the vast IoT products onthe market today in other to interoperate the product the buy. However, futurestudies on this subject could be conducted to investigate how to achieve asemantic interoperability among the application layer protocols presented inthis work so that data from one vendor application can be represented in thesimilar format in another vendor application.

1 引言
2 IoT架構
3 IoT閘道器協議與IP棧
4 CoAP協議
5 MQTT協議
6 比較MQTT和CoAP協議
7 5G行動通訊中的IoT
8 結論

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