實驗十五  GUI程式設計練習與應用程式部署

一：理論部分。

1.Java 程式的打包：編譯完成後，程式設計師將.class 檔案壓縮打包為 .jar 檔案後，GUI 介面序就可以直接雙擊圖示執行。
JAR 檔案是壓縮的，它使用 ZIP 壓縮格式。

建立一個包含清單的 JAR 檔案，應該執行：jar cf mMyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/ *.class
2.資源：Java 中，應用程式使的類通常需要一些相關數中，應用程式使的類通常需要一些相關數 據檔案，這些稱為資源 (Resource) 。
–影象和聲音檔案。
–帶有訊息字串和按鈕標籤的文字件。
–二進位制資料檔案，如：描述地圖佈局的。

2.Eclipse 匯出 JAR 檔案。

a.工程沒有引用外部 jar 包時：直接匯出。
b.工程沒有引用外部 jar 包時：匯出步驟為：
.選中工程 ---- >右鍵 ，Export--- >Java -- ->JAR file--- >next-- >選擇 jar  file的路徑及名稱 -- >next--- >選擇 main class --- >finish

3.包密封：要想密封一個包，需將中的所有類放到一個JAR 檔案。在預設情況下， JAR 檔案中的包是沒有 密封的。
4.應用首選項的儲存：應用程式戶通常期待能夠自行對進配置，並能夠將其儲存起來以便日後再次執行該程式時能夠讀取這些配置。
 一般有兩種方法：
a.將配置資訊儲存在屬性檔案中；
b.將配置資訊儲存在 中心知識庫。

5.屬性對映：屬性對映常被用來存放配置資訊，是一種儲存鍵 /值對的資料結構。
.屬性對映有三個特徵：
a.鍵和值都是字串；
b.鍵/值對易於寫入檔案或從讀出； 值對易於寫入檔案或從讀出；
c.用二級表存放預設值。
實現屬性對映的 Java 類被稱為 Properties 。

6.Java Web Start:它是一個用 Java 編寫的應用程式，它是 Sun 公司推出的一項在 Internet 上釋出應用程式的技術，通過 Java Web Start 可以使一個應用程式很容易地通過 web 部署在各個平臺上，包括 Windows ，Linux ，Solaris。

1、實驗目的與要求

(1) 掌握Java應用程式的打包操作；

(2) 瞭解應用程式儲存配置資訊的兩種方法；

(3) 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程式的釋出方法；

(5) 掌握Java GUI 程式設計技術。

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1： 匯入第13章示例程式，測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。

測試程式1

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材585頁程式13-1，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 將所生成的JAR檔案移到另外一個不同的目錄中，再執行該歸檔檔案，以便確認程式是從JAR檔案中，而不是從當前目錄中讀取的資源。

l 掌握建立JAR檔案的方法；

程式碼如下：

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.41 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ResourceTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ResourceTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that loads image and text resources.
 */
class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;//定義視窗寬和高

   public ResourceTestFrame()//構造器
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");//URL來指向about.gif資源地址
      Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();//利用about.gif影象檔案製作圖示，在找到ResourceTest類的地方查詢about.gif檔案
      setIconImage(img);

      JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();//建立文字區
      InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");//讀取about.txt檔案
      try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8"))
      {
         while (in.hasNext())
            textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "\n");
      }
      add(textArea);
   }
}

程式中用到如下資源：

程式執行結果入如下：

測試程式2

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材583頁-584程式13-2，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 瞭解Properties類中常用的方法；

程式碼如下：

package properties;

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size,
 * and title.
 * @version 1.01 2015-06-16
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PropertiesTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame();
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates
 * the properties upon exit.
 */
class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame//繼承類：實現屬性對映
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;//定義寬和高

   private File propertiesFile;
   private Properties settings;

   public PropertiesFrame()//構造器
   {
      // 從屬性獲取位置、大小、標題 

      String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");//（讀取單個鍵）找出使用者的主目錄，主目錄包含user.home
      File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava");
      if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir();
      propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties");
      
      //把所有預設值放在一個二級屬性對映中，並在主屬性對映的構造器中提供這個二級屬性
      Properties defaultSettings = new Properties();
      defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0");
      defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0");
      defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH);
      defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      defaultSettings.setProperty("title", "");

      settings = new Properties(defaultSettings);

      if (propertiesFile.exists()) 
         try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile))
         {         
            settings.load(in);
         }
         catch (IOException ex)
         {
            ex.printStackTrace();
         }

      int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left"));
      int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top"));
      int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width"));
      int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height"));
      setBounds(left, top, width, height);

      //如果沒有標題，詢問使用者

      String title = settings.getProperty("title");
      if (title.equals(""))
         title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
      if (title == null) title = "";
      setTitle(title);

      addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
      {
         public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
         {
            settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX());
            settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY());
            settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth());
            settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight());
            settings.setProperty("title", getTitle());
            try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile))
            {
               settings.store(out, "Program Properties");
            }
            catch (IOException ex)
            {
               ex.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.exit(0);
         }
      });
   }
}

執行結果如下：

測試程式3

l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材593頁-594程式13-3，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

瞭解Preferences類中常用的方法；

程式如下：

package preferences;

import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.prefs.*;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;

/**
 * A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame
 * position, size, and title.
 * @version 1.03 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PreferencesTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame();
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

/**
 * A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the
 * preferences upon exit.
 */
class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot();//定義根節點
   private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava");//定義節點路徑名

   public PreferencesFrame()//構造器
   {
      //從偏好獲得位置、大小、標題

      int left = node.getInt("left", 0);
      int top = node.getInt("top", 0);
      int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH);
      int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
      setBounds(left, top, width, height);

      // if no title given, ask user

      String title = node.get("title", "");
      if (title.equals(""))
         title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
      if (title == null) title = "";
      setTitle(title);

      // 設定顯示XML檔案的檔案選擇器

      final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
      chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
      chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml"));

      //設定選單

      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
      JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(menu);

      JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences");
      menu.add(exportItem);
      exportItem
            .addActionListener(event -> {
               if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
               {
                  try
                  {
                     savePreferences();
                     OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser
                           .getSelectedFile());
                     node.exportSubtree(out);
                     out.close();
                  }
                  catch (Exception e)
                  {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                  }
               }
            });

      JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences");
      menu.add(importItem);
      importItem
            .addActionListener(event -> {
               if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
               {
                  try
                  {
                     InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser
                           .getSelectedFile());
                     Preferences.importPreferences(in);
                     in.close();
                  }
                  catch (Exception e)
                  {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                  }
               }
            });

      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      menu.add(exitItem);
      exitItem.addActionListener(event -> {
         savePreferences();
         System.exit(0);
      });
   }
   
   public void savePreferences() 
   {
      node.putInt("left", getX());
      node.putInt("top", getY());
      node.putInt("width", getWidth());
      node.putInt("height", getHeight());
      node.put("title", getTitle());      
   }
}

執行結果如圖：

測試程式4

 l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材619頁-622程式13-6，結合程式執行結果理解程式；

l 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程式的釋出方法。

程式如下：

package webstart;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application.
 * @version 1.04 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Calculator
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->             {
               CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
               frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
               frame.setVisible(true);
         });
   }
}

package webstart;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.jnlp.BasicService;
import javax.jnlp.FileContents;
import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService;
import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService;
import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService;
import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager;
import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

/**
 * A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
 */
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
   private CalculatorPanel panel;

   public CalculatorFrame()
   {
      setTitle();
      panel = new CalculatorPanel();
      add(panel);

      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);

      JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
      openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
      JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
      saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());
      
      pack();
   }

   /**
    * Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
    * entry.
    */
   public void setTitle()
   {
      try
      {
         String title = null;

         BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
         URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();

         PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
         URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");

         try
         {
            FileContents contents = service.get(key);
            InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            title = reader.readLine();
         }
         catch (FileNotFoundException e)
         {
            title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
            if (title == null) return;

            service.create(key, 100);
            FileContents contents = service.get(key);
            OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
            PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
            printOut.print(title);
         }
         setTitle(title);
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Opens a history file and updates the display.
    */
   public void open()
   {
      try
      {
         FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
         FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });

         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
         if (contents != null)
         {
            InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
            {
               panel.append(line);
               panel.append("\n");
            }
         }
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Saves the calculator history to a file.
    */
   public void save()
   {
      try
      {
         ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
         PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
         printOut.print(panel.getText());
         InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
         FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
               .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
         service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
      }
      catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
      }
   }
}

package webstart;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;

/**
   A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{  
   private JTextArea display;
   private JPanel panel;
   private double result;
   private String lastCommand;
   private boolean start;

   /**
      Lays out the panel.
   */
   public CalculatorPanel()
   {  
      setLayout(new BorderLayout());

      result = 0;
      lastCommand = "=";
      start = true;
      
      // add the display

      display = new JTextArea(10, 20);

      add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);
      
      ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
      ActionListener command = new CommandAction();

      // add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid

      panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));

      addButton("7", insert);
      addButton("8", insert);
      addButton("9", insert);
      addButton("/", command);

      addButton("4", insert);
      addButton("5", insert);
      addButton("6", insert);
      addButton("*", command);

      addButton("1", insert);
      addButton("2", insert);
      addButton("3", insert);
      addButton("-", command);

      addButton("0", insert);
      addButton(".", insert);
      addButton("=", command);
      addButton("+", command);

      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
   }

   /**
      Gets the history text.
      @return the calculator history
   */
   public String getText()
   {
      return display.getText();
   }
   
   /**
      Appends a string to the history text.
      @param s the string to append
   */
   public void append(String s)
   {
      display.append(s);
   }

   /**
      Adds a button to the center panel.
      @param label the button label
      @param listener the button listener
   */
   private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
   {  
      JButton button = new JButton(label);
      button.addActionListener(listener);
      panel.add(button);
   }

   /**
      This action inserts the button action string to the
      end of the display text.
   */
   private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         String input = event.getActionCommand();
         start = false;
         display.append(input);
      }
   }

   /**
      This action executes the command that the button
      action string denotes.
   */
   private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {  
         String command = event.getActionCommand();

         if (start)
         {  
            if (command.equals("-")) 
            { 
               display.append(command); 
               start = false; 
            }
            else 
               lastCommand = command;
         }
         else
         {  
            try
            {
               int lines = display.getLineCount();
               int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
               int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
               String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
               display.append(" ");
               display.append(command); 
               calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
               if (command.equals("="))
                  display.append("\n" + result);
               lastCommand = command;
               display.append("\n");
               start = true;
            }
            catch (BadLocationException e)
            {
               e.printStackTrace();
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /**
      Carries out the pending calculation. 
      @param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
   */
   public void calculate(double x)
   {
      if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
      else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
   }  
}

 程式碼出現錯誤

實驗2：GUI綜合程式設計練習

按實驗十四分組名單，組內討論完成以下程式設計任務：

練習1：採用GUI介面設計以下程式，並進行部署與釋出：

l 編制一個程式，將身份證號.txt 中的資訊讀入到記憶體中；

l 按姓名字典序輸出人員資訊；

l 查詢最大年齡的人員資訊；

l 查詢最小年齡人員資訊；

l 輸入你的年齡，查詢身份證號.txt中年齡與你最近人的姓名、身份證號、年齡、性別和出生地；

l 查詢人員中是否有你的同鄉。

l 輸入身份證資訊，查詢所提供身份證號的人員資訊，要求輸入一個身份證數字時，查詢介面就顯示滿足查詢條件的查詢結果，且隨著輸入的數字的增多，查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。

 程式如下：

package demo1;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class ButtonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
            JFrame frame = new Main();
            frame.setTitle("身份證");
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

package demo1;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Main extends JFrame {
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    private static ArrayList<Student> list;
    private JPanel panel;
    private JPanel buttonPanel;
    private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 600;
    private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;

    public Main() {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\身份證號.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province = linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("學生資訊檔案找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("學生資訊檔案讀取錯誤");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        panel = new JPanel();
        panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        JTextArea jt = new JTextArea();
        panel.add(jt);
        add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 7));
        JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序");
        JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年齡最大和年齡最小");
        JLabel lab = new JLabel("猜猜你的老鄉");
        JTextField jt1 = new JTextField();
        JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("找找同齡人（年齡相近）：");
        JTextField jt2 = new JTextField();
        JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("輸入你的身份證號碼：");
        JTextField jt3 = new JTextField();
        JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出");
        jButton.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jButton1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jt1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jt2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jt3.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jButton2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30);
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                jt.setText(studentlist.toString());
            }
        });
        jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                int max = 0, min = 100;
                int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
                    if (j > max) {
                        max = j;
                        k1 = i;
                    }
                    if (j < min) {
                        min = j;
                        k2 = i;
                    }

                }
                jt.setText("年齡最大：" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年齡最小：" + studentlist.get(k2));
            }
        });
        jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                dispose();
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String find = jt1.getText();
                String text="";
                String place = find.substring(0, 3);
                for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) {
                        text+="\n"+studentlist.get(i);
                        jt.setText("老鄉：" + text);
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String yourage = jt2.getText();
                int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage);
                int near = agenear(a);
                int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage();
                jt.setText("年齡相近：" + studentlist.get(near));
            }
        });
        jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                list = new ArrayList<>();
                Collections.sort(studentlist);
                String key = jt3.getText();
                for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                    if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) {                        
                        list.add(studentlist.get(i));                        
                        jt.setText("emmm！你可能是：\n" + list);
                        //System.out.println("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i));
                        //jt.setText("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i));
                    }                    
                }
            }
        });
        buttonPanel.add(jButton);
        buttonPanel.add(jButton1);
        buttonPanel.add(lab);
        buttonPanel.add(jt1);
        buttonPanel.add(lab1);
        buttonPanel.add(jt2);
        buttonPanel.add(lab2);
        buttonPanel.add(jt3);
        buttonPanel.add(jButton2);
        add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    }

    public static int agenear(int age) {
        int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
            value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
            if (value < 0)
                value = -value;
            if (value < min) {
                min = value;
                k = i;
            }
        }
        return k;
    }

}

package demo1;

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

    private String name;
    private String number ;
    private String sex ;
    private int age;
    private String province;
   
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
    public void setsex(String sex ) {
        this.sex =sex ;
    }
    public int getage() {

        return age;
        }
        public void setage(int age) {
            // int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
        this.age= age;
        }

    public String getprovince() {
        return province;
    }
    public void setprovince(String province) {
        this.province=province ;
    }

    public int compareTo(Student o) {
       return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
    }

    public String toString() {
        return  name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n";
    }    
}

 測試結果如下

執行結果：

字典排序：

1.查詢最大年齡的人員資訊；

2.查詢最小年齡人員資訊；

 找老鄉：

 年齡相近的人：

 輸入身份證資訊，查詢所提供身份證號的人員資訊，要求輸入一個身份證數字時，查詢介面就顯示滿足查詢條件的查詢結果，且隨著輸入的數字的增多，查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。

輸入數字2時：

輸入數字26時：

輸入數字265時：

練習2：採用GUI介面設計以下程式，並進行部署與釋出

l 編寫一個計算器類，可以完成加、減、乘、除的操作

l 利用計算機類，設計一個小學生100以內數的四則運算練習程式，由計算機隨機產生10道加減乘除練習題，學生輸入答案，由程式檢查答案是否正確，每道題正確計10分，錯誤不計分，10道題測試結束後給出測試總分；

l 將程式中測試練習題及學生答題結果輸出到檔案，檔名為test.txt。

程式如下：

package ui_test;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import javax.swing.*;

public class MyExGUI extends JFrame {
    ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    JMenuBar jm; // 選單條元件
    JMenu menu;// 選單
    JMenuItem item1, item2;// 選單項
    JMenu build; // 二級選單
    JMenuItem file, project;
    TextArea answer_all = new TextArea();
    TextField jta = new TextField();
    TextField jta_answer = new TextField();
    JLabel num_answer = new JLabel();
    JLabel answer;
    JToolBar jtb;// 工具條
    JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next;
    int answer_count;
    int answer_fenshu;

    public MyExGUI() {
        // 建立選單
        jm = new JMenuBar();

        menu = new JMenu("檔案(F)");
        menu.setMnemonic('f'); // 助記符

        build = new JMenu("新建");

        file = new JMenuItem("檔案");
        project = new JMenuItem("答題");
        item1 = new JMenuItem("儲存(S)");
        item2 = new JMenuItem("退出");

        answer = new JLabel("第 1 題");

        // 新增選單項至選單上
        build.add(file);
        build.add(project);

        menu.add(build);
        menu.add(item1);
        menu.add(item2);
        menu.addSeparator();
        // 將選單加入至選單欄
        jm.add(menu);

        JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel();
        contentPanel.setLayout(null);
        JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案");
        JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("=");
        num_answer = answer;
        num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        jb_next = new JButton("下一題");
        jta.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        daan.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));
        dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22));

        contentPanel.add(num_answer);
        contentPanel.add(daan);
        contentPanel.add(dengyu);
        contentPanel.add(jta);

        contentPanel.add(jta_answer);
        contentPanel.add(answer_all);
        contentPanel.add(jb_next);

        num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50);
        daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50);
        jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30);
        dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20);
        jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30);
        jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30);
        answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300);

        this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 新增選單欄，不能設定位置，會自動放在最上部
        this.add(contentPanel);

        this.setTitle("線上答題系統");
        this.setSize(600, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
                BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
                boolean flag = true;
                File file;
                // String test ;
                do {
                    // test = "test"+count;

                    String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name");
                    file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt");
                    if (!file.exists()) {
                        // 建立檔案
                        try {

                            flag = file.createNewFile();

                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();

                        }
                        flag = false;
                    } else {

                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "該檔名已存在，請重新輸入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                        flag = true;
                    }
                } while (flag);
                // 寫入檔案
                String u_answer;
                try {
                    outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file);
                    Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
                    System.out.println("選擇是後執行的程式碼" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size());
                    for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) {
                        try {
                            Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes());
                            Buff.write("    ".getBytes());
                            u_answer = user_answer.get(i);
                            if (u_answer.equals(""))
                                u_answer = "沒有作答";

                            Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes());
                            Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes());
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                            i--;
                        }
                    }
                    Buff.flush();
                    Buff.close();

                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                try {
                    outSTr.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                user_zongti.clear();
                user_answer.clear();
            }
        });

        project.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                arithmetic art = new arithmetic();
                true_answer = art.list_answer;
                jta_timu = art.list_timu;
                jta_zong = art.list;
                answer_count = 1;
                answer_all.setText("");
                for (int i = 0; i < art.list_timu.size(); i++) {
                    user_zongti.add(jta_zong.get(i));
                    answer_all.append(jta_timu.get(i));
                    answer_all.append("\r\n");
                }
                num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 題");
                jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1));
                answer_count++;

            }
        });
        jb_next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                String temp;
                temp = jta_answer.getText();

                if (jta.getText().equals("")) {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "錯誤,請匯入題庫", "錯誤", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                    return;
                }
                jta_answer.setText("");
                if (answer_count <= 10) {
                    if (isInteger(temp)) {

                        user_answer.add(temp);
                        System.out.println("選擇否後執行的程式碼" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size());
                        num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 題");
                        jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1));
                        answer_count++;
                    } else {
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "錯誤", "請輸入數字", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                    }
                } else {
                    user_answer.add(temp);
                    System.out.println("選擇否後執行的程式碼" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size());
                    answer_fenshu = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < user_answer.size(); i++) {
                        if (user_answer.get(i).equals(true_answer.get(i)))
                            answer_fenshu += 5;
                    }
                    user_fenshu.add(answer_fenshu);
                    Object[] options = { "是", "取消" };
                    int res = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否檢視成績", "答題完畢", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
                            JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, options, options[0]);
                    if (res == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
                        chart ct = new chart(user_fenshu);
                        ct.setVisible(true);

                    } else {
                        Object[] option = { "是", "取消" };
                        int res1 = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否退出程式", "終止框", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,
                                JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, option, option[0]);

                        if (res1 == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
                            dispose();
                            System.exit(0);

                        } else {

                        }

                    }

                }

            }
        });

        item2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                dispose();
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }

    public static boolean isInteger(String str) {
        for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) {
            if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

}

package ui_test;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyExGUI lg = new MyExGUI();
        //new MyExGUI();

    }

}

package ui_test;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class arithmetic {
    ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> list_timu = new ArrayList<String>();
    ArrayList<String> list_answer = new ArrayList<String>();

    public arithmetic() {
        FileOutputStream outSTr = null;
        BufferedOutputStream Buff = null;
        int number_n = 10, count;

        ArrayList<String> list_temp = new ArrayList<String>();
        String[] operator = new String[] { "+", "-", "*", "/" };

        Random rand = new Random();
        File file1 = new File("test.txt");
        if (file1.exists()) {
            // 建立檔案
            try {
                file1.createNewFile();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        while (number_n > 0) {
            int[] number_temp = new int[rand.nextInt(2) + 3];
            String[] str_temp = new String[number_temp.length - 1];
            for (int i = 0; i < number_temp.length; i++) {
                if (i < number_temp.length - 1) {
                    number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100);
                    list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i]));
                    str_temp[i] = operator[rand.nextInt(4)];
                    list_temp.add(str_temp[i]);

                }

                else {
                    number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100);
                    list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i]));
                }
            }

            count = calculate_RPN(produce_RPN(list_temp));
            if (count != -1) {
                list_timu.add(transform_string(list_temp));
                list_answer.add(String.valueOf(count));
                list_temp.add(" = " + count);
                list.add(transform_string(list_temp));
                number_n--;
                list_temp.clear();
            } else
                list_temp.clear();
            System.out.println(number_n);

        }
        try {
            outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file1);
            Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr);
            for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                try {
                    Buff.write(list.get(i).getBytes());
                    Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    i--;
                }
            }
            Buff.flush();
            Buff.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // Buff.close();
        try {
            outSTr.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            System.out.print(list.get(i));
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.print("計算完畢！");

    }

    public static int calculate_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
        int i = 0, t;
        double a = 0, b = 0;
        String l_temp;
        Stack sk = new Stack(10);
        for (t = 0; t < list_temp.size(); t++) {
            l_temp = list_temp.get(i++);
            if (!isInteger(l_temp)) {
                b = sk.mypop();
                a = sk.mypop();
                switch (l_temp) {
                case "+":
                    sk.mypush(a + b);
                    break;
                case "-":
                    if(!(a<b)) {
                    sk.mypush(a - b);
                    }
                    else
                        return -1;
                    break;
                case "*":
                    sk.mypush(a * b);
                    break;
                case "/":
                    if (b == 0||a<b)
                        return -1;
                    sk.mypush(a / b);
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println("st.mytop: " + sk.mypeek());
            } else {
                sk.mypush((double) Integer.parseInt(l_temp));
            }

        }
        if (!sk.myisempty()) {
            a = sk.mypop();
            b = a - (int) a;
            System.out.println("a:  " + a);
            if (a > 0 && b == 0) {
                return (int) a;
            } else
                return -1;
        } else
            return -1;

    }

    public static ArrayList<String> produce_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
        int t = 0, i = 0;
        String tmp;
        Tack mytack = new Tack(10);
        ArrayList<String> lt_temp = new ArrayList<String>();
        while (true) {
            tmp = list_temp.get(i++);
            if (isInteger(tmp)) {
                lt_temp.add(tmp);
            } else {
                if (mytack.myisempty()) {
                    mytack.mypush(tmp);
                }

                else {
                    if (isCPriority(tmp, mytack.mypeek()))
                        mytack.mypush(tmp);
                    else {
                        lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop());
                        mytack.mypush(tmp);
                    }

                }
            }
            if (i >= list_temp.size()) {
                while (!mytack.myisempty())
                    lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop());
                System.out.println(transform_string(list_temp));
                list_temp = lt_temp;
                System.out.println(list_temp);
                return list_temp;
            }
        }

    }

    public static boolean isInteger(String str) {
        for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) {
            if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static boolean isCPriority(String str, String s) {
        if ((str + s).equals("*+") || (str + s).equals("*-") || (str + s).equals("/+") || (str + s).equals("/-"))
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }

    public static String transform_string(ArrayList<String> list_temp) {
        String s = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < list_temp.size(); i++) {
            s += list_temp.get(i);
        }
        return s;

    }

    static class Stack {
        int mytop;
        double stk[];

        public Stack(int num) {
            mytop = -1;
            stk = new double[num];
        }

        /* 出棧 */
        double mypop() {
            double peek = stk[mytop];
            mytop--;
            return peek;
        }

        /* 入棧 */
        void mypush(double x) {
            mytop++;
            stk[mytop] = x;

        }

        /* 判空 */
        Boolean myisempty() {
            if (mytop == -1)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        /* 取棧頂元素 */
        double mypeek() {
            double peek = stk[mytop];
            return peek;
        }

        /* 棧大小 */
        int mysize() {
            return mytop + 1;
        }
    }

    static class Tack {
        int mytop;
        String tk[];

        public Tack(int num) {
            mytop = -1;
            tk = new String[num];
        }

        /* 出棧 */
        String mypop() {
            String peek = tk[mytop];
            mytop--;
            return peek;
        }

        /* 入棧 */
        void mypush(String x) {
            mytop++;
            tk[mytop] = x;

        }

        /* 判空 */
        Boolean myisempty() {
            if (mytop == -1)
                return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

        /* 取棧頂元素 */
        String mypeek() {
            String peek = tk[mytop];
            return peek;
        }

        /* 棧大小 */
        int mysize() {
            return mytop + 1;
        }

    }

}

package ui_test;

import java.awt.Color;  
import java.awt.Graphics;  
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;  
  
import javax.swing.JFrame;
  
public class chart extends JFrame{
      //繪製柱形統計圖  
        ArrayList<Integer> ran=new  ArrayList<Integer>();
        public chart(ArrayList<Integer> scores)
        {  
            super();  
            getContentPane().setForeground(Color.CYAN);
            setForeground(Color.CYAN);
            setBackground(Color.CYAN);
            for(int i=0;i<scores.size();i++)
            {
                ran.add(scores.get(i));
                System.out.println(scores.get(i));
            }
              
            setTitle("繪製柱形圖");  
            setSize(600, 400);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
        }  
        @Override  
        public void paint(Graphics g){
            int Width = getWidth();
            int Height = getHeight();
            int leftMargin = 20;//柱形圖左邊界
            int topMargin = 50;//柱形圖上邊界
            Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
            g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);//繪製白色背景
            g2.fillRect(0, 0, Width, Height-100);//繪製矩形圖
            g2.setColor(Color.black);
             for(int i=0;i<=10;i++)
             {
                 //繪製灰色橫線和百分比
                 g2.drawString((100-10*i)+" ", 15, topMargin+30*i);
                 g2.drawLine(10, topMargin+30*i, Width, topMargin+30*i);//繪製灰色橫線
             }
             g2.setColor(Color.RED);
             for(int i=0;i<=ran.size();i++)
             {
                 //繪製柱形圖
                 int step = (i+1)*40;//設定每個柱形圖的水平間隔為40
                 //繪製矩形
                 g2.fillRoundRect(leftMargin+step*2-5,(100-ran.get(i))*3+50, 40, 300-(100-ran.get(i))*3, 40, 10);
                 //列出測試輪數
                 g2.drawString("第"+(i+1)+"輪", leftMargin+step*2, 380);
             }    
         }  

    
}

執行結果：

選擇答題：

答題完畢後，按照提示可查詢成績：

點選檔案選單中的“儲存”選項，可儲存答題記錄：

正確答案：

答題記錄：

三：實驗總結。

       最近學習的都是基於圖形使用者介面的知識內容，即採用圖形方式顯示的計算機操作使用者介面，相比使用命令列，圖形介面更清晰明瞭。但在學習過程中，出現了很多問題，相比之前學習時只學習一個點的知識內容，現在的需要結合各種內容在一起，就要比以前學的複雜而且感覺不太好理解。課後自己執行程式時，對一些程式還不理解，希望老師能多講解一下程式，自己也會繼續學習。