scrapy配置proxy代理
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-09
一、IP池
IP可以從這個幾個網站獲取:
快代理：https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/
西刺代理：http://www.xicidaili.com/
如果出現像下面這種提示:”由於連線方在一段時間後沒有正確答覆或連線的主機沒有反應，連線嘗試失敗”或者是這種，” 由 於目標計算機積極拒絕，無法連線。”. 那就是IP的問題，更換就行了。。。。發現上面好多IP都不能用。。
2017-04-16 12:38:11 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://news.sina.com 在Scrapy中與代理伺服器設定相關的下載中介軟體是HttpProxyMiddleware，對應的類為:
scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware 2.修改中介軟體檔案middlewares.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
import random
from scrapy import signals
from myproxies.settings import IPPOOL
class MyproxiesSpiderMiddleware(object):
def __init__(self,ip=''):
self.ip=ip
def process_request(self, request, spider):
thisip=random.choice(IPPOOL)
print("this is ip:"+thisip["ipaddr"])
request.meta["proxy"]="http://"+thisip["ipaddr"] 3.在settings中設定DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
[html] view plain copy
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':543,
'DouTu.middlewares.MyproxiesSpiderMiddleware':125
} 4.爬蟲檔案為
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
class ProxieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
def __init__(self):
self.headers = {
'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate',
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.102 Safari/537.36'
}
name = "proxie"
allowed_domains = ["sina.com.cn"]
start_urls = ['http://news.sina.com.cn/']
def parse(self, response):
print(response.body)
二、自動更新IP池
這裡寫個自動獲取IP的類proxies.py，執行一下把獲取的IP儲存到txt檔案中去:
# *-* coding:utf-8 *-*
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import lxml
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import random
import json
import time
import requests
class Proxies(object):
"""docstring for Proxies"""
def __init__(self, page=3):
self.proxies = []
self.verify_pro = []
self.page = page
self.headers = {
'Accept': '*/*',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'
}
self.get_proxies()
self.get_proxies_nn()
def get_proxies(self):
page = random.randint(1,10)
page_stop = page + self.page
while page < page_stop:
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/%d' % page
html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')
for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):
protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower()+'://'
self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))
page += 1
def get_proxies_nn(self):
page = random.randint(1,10)
page_stop = page + self.page
while page < page_stop:
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d' % page
html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')
for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):
protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower() + '://'
self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))
page += 1
def verify_proxies(self):
# 沒驗證的代理
old_queue = Queue()
# 驗證後的代理
new_queue = Queue()
print ('verify proxy........')
works = []
for _ in range(15):
works.append(Process(target=self.verify_one_proxy, args=(old_queue,new_queue)))
for work in works:
work.start()
for proxy in self.proxies:
old_queue.put(proxy)
for work in works:
old_queue.put(0)
for work in works:
work.join()
self.proxies = []
while 1:
try:
self.proxies.append(new_queue.get(timeout=1))
except:
break
print ('verify_proxies done!')
def verify_one_proxy(self, old_queue, new_queue):
while 1:
proxy = old_queue.get()
if proxy == 0:break
protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy else 'http'
proxies = {protocol: proxy}
try:
if requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2).status_code == 200:
print ('success %s' % proxy)
new_queue.put(proxy)
except:
print ('fail %s' % proxy)
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = Proxies()
a.verify_proxies()
print (a.proxies)
proxie = a.proxies
with open('proxies.txt', 'a') as f:
for proxy in proxie:
f.write(proxy+'\n')
修改代理檔案middlewares.py的內容為如下:
import random
import scrapy
from scrapy import log
# logger = logging.getLogger()
class ProxyMiddleWare(object):
"""docstring for ProxyMiddleWare"""
def process_request(self,request, spider):
'''對request物件加上proxy'''
proxy = self.get_random_proxy()
print("this is request ip:"+proxy)
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
'''對返回的response處理'''
# 如果返回的response狀態不是200，重新生成當前request物件
if response.status != 200:
proxy = self.get_random_proxy()
print("this is response ip:"+proxy)
# 對當前reque加上代理
request.meta['proxy'] = proxy
return request
return response
def get_random_proxy(self):
'''隨機從檔案中讀取proxy'''
while 1:
with open('G:\\Scrapy_work\\myproxies\\myproxies\\proxies.txt', 'r') as f:
proxies = f.readlines()
if proxies:
break
else:
time.sleep(1)
proxy = random.choice(proxies).strip()
return proxy修改下settings檔案：
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'myproxies.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':None,
'myproxies.middlewares.ProxyMiddleWare':125,
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware':None
}