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leetcode 126. Word Ladder II解題報告

題目給出了一個單詞表,一個起始單詞和一個結尾單詞,要求找出所有的最短路徑。
因為一開始沒有看到找出所有路徑,寫的是雙向BFS搜尋,後面改了一下,使用BFS進行查詢。
將原本的parent陣列改為了vector<vector<string>>以滿足查詢所有最短路徑的需求。在BFS的過程中,通過遍歷單詞表的形式搜尋可行的單詞。對於可行的單詞,如果沒有訪問過,則將其入隊準備進行訪問;如果已經訪問過,檢查其深度是否為當前深度+1,如果是的話,則可能為最短路的一條岔路。

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include
<vector>
#include <string> #include <queue> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; class Solution { public: bool diff(string a,string b){ if(a.length()!=b.length()) { return false; } int counting = 0; for(unsigned int
i=0;i<a.length();i++) { if(a[i]!=b[i]) { counting++; if(counting>1) { return false; } } } if(counting == 1) { return true; }
else { return false; } } vector<vector<string>> findLadders(string beginWord, string endWord, vector<string>& wordList) { queue<string> q; //給每個字串做標記 int counting = 0; map<string,int> lookup; vector<int> depth;//BFS深度 vector<vector<string>> parent;//其他同等深度下連結到這個點的點 q.push(beginWord); lookup[beginWord] = 0; depth.push_back(0); parent.push_back(vector<string>()); while(!q.empty()) { string point = q.front(); q.pop(); int id = lookup[point]; //cout<<point<<" enter BFS search, its number is "<<id<<". It's depth is"<<depth[id]<<endl;//debug //遍歷單詞表,找到可行的解 for(unsigned int i = 0;i<wordList.size();i++) { if(diff(wordList[i],point)) { if(lookup.find(wordList[i])==lookup.end())//目標節點尚未登記,登記資訊,加入。 { counting++; q.push(wordList[i]); lookup[wordList[i]]=counting; depth.push_back(depth[id]+1); vector<string> now; now.push_back(point); parent.push_back(now); //cout<<"It found new node "<<wordList[i]<<" and its number is"<<counting<<" with it's depth"<<depth[counting]<<endl; } else if(depth[lookup[wordList[i]]] == depth[id]+1)//目標節點已經登記,檢視距離資訊是否符合 { parent[lookup[wordList[i]]].push_back(point); //cout<<"It also add to "<<wordList[i]<<endl; } } } } vector<vector<string>> ans; if(lookup.find(endWord)==lookup.end()) return ans; else { vector<string> answer; getResult(endWord,answer,beginWord,wordList,ans,lookup,parent); for(unsigned int i=0;i<ans.size();i++) { reverse(ans[i].begin(),ans[i].end()); } return ans; } } void getResult(string current,vector<string> ans,string& endPoint,vector<string>& wordList,vector<vector<string>>& result,map<string,int>& lookup,vector<vector<string>>& parent) { ans.push_back(current); if(current == endPoint) { result.push_back(ans); return; } else { for(unsigned int i = 0;i<parent[lookup[current]].size();i++) { getResult(parent[lookup[current]][i],ans,endPoint,wordList,result,lookup,parent); } } } }; /* 樸素思想: 目標找到所有的最短路徑 BFS搜尋,允許連結串列 使用map作為parent,同時提供對於BFS深度的記錄 函式diff() 接受兩個string,判斷它們的差值是否為一個字母 */ int main(void) { vector<string> l; l.push_back("hot"); l.push_back("dot"); l.push_back("dog"); l.push_back("lot"); l.push_back("log"); l.push_back("cog"); Solution s; vector<vector<string>> ans(s.findLadders("hit","cog",l)); for(unsigned int i = 0 ;i<ans.size();i++) { for(unsigned int j=0;j<ans[i].size();j++) { cout<<ans[i][j]<<" "; } cout<<endl; } return 0; }