179.
The ability to distinguish between fact and opinion, and to constantly question what we call knowledge, is vital to human progress, and something we cannot afford to let slip.

參考譯文：
區分事實和觀點和對我們所謂的知識保持懷疑的能力對於人類進步至關重要，這種能力也是我們無法忽視的東西。

詞彙突破：
1. Distinguish 區分
2. Opinion 觀點
3. Constantly 持之以恆地
4. Vital 至關重要的
5. Human progress 人類進步
6. Let slip 錯過；放開

7. question 質疑

178.
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition – wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny – must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.

參考譯文：
如果雄心壯志要得到很好的尊重，那麼雄心壯志的回報就必須被認為是值得為雄心所作的犧牲，無論這些回報是財富、聲望還是對命運的控制。如果雄心的傳統要有生命力，它就必須得到廣泛的認同，尤其要受到那些自己也受人欽佩的人的高度重視，受過良好教育的人在他們當中不是少數。

詞彙突破：
1. well regarded 充分認同
2. distinction 聲望
3. control over one’s destiny 對命運的控制
4. be deemed 被認為
5. vitality 活力

177.
Medium-length or long hair was best—but not too long. Heels and skirts were preferred at trial—but not too high and definitely not too short. But showing up in federal court with bare legs was as unthinkable as showing up drunk. Clothing may seem trivial, but what a woman wears at trial is directly related to her ability to do her job. When impeaching a witness to expose a lie, I would hold incriminating document and shove it in the witness’s face. I had to approach witnesses carefully—because I was balancing on heels.

參考譯文：
中長髮最好——但不要太長。庭審時首選高跟鞋和裙子，但鞋不能太高，裙子絕對不能太短。但在聯邦法院裡，露腿就和醉醺醺地上庭一樣難以想象。衣著看似微不足道，但女人在審訊中的穿著直接關係到她的工作能力。控告證人撒謊時，和我立場相同的男律師會手拿定罪檔案向證人席走去，直接推到證人的面前。而我則不得不小心翼翼地走近證人，因為我得踩著鞋跟保持平衡。

詞彙突破：
1. federal court 聯邦法庭
2. unthinkable 無法想象的
3. trivial 微不足道的
4. impeach 彈劾；控告
5. incriminating 歸罪的；顯示有罪的

176.
If I had to single out a particular bias as the most pervasive and damaging, it would probably be confirmation bias. That’s the effect that leads us to look for evidence confirming what we already think or suspect, to view facts and ideas we encounter as further confirmation, and to discount or ignore any piece of evidence that seems to support an alternate view. Confirmation bias shows up most blatantly in our current political divide, where each side seems unable to allow that the other side is right about anything. Confirmation bias plays out in lots of other circumstances, sometimes with terrible consequences.

參考譯文：
如果必須找出一個最普遍、破壞性最強的特定偏見，可能就是“證實偏差”了。這種偏見導致我們尋找證據支撐已有的想法或質疑，將遇到的事實和想法視為進一步的佐證，並貶損或忽略任何似乎支援其他觀點的證據。“證實偏差”鮮明地出現在當下的政治分歧中，雙方似乎都無法承認對方有任何對的地方。“證實偏差”在許多其他情況下也會發生, 有時會帶來可怕的後果。

詞彙突破：
1. pervasive 廣泛的
2. confirmation 確認
3. discount打折
4. alternate 其他的
5. blatant 公然的，顯眼的

175.
Basically, all Jenner does to make all that money is leverage her social media following. Almost hourly, she takes to Instagram and Snapchat, pouting for selfies with captions about which Kylie Cosmetics shades she’s wearing, takes videos of forthcoming products and announces new launches.

參考譯文：
基本上，詹納賺那麼些錢，所做的就是利用社交媒體粉絲。她幾乎每小時都會上Instagram和Snapchat，要麼撅嘴自拍並加個標題寫自己用的是什麼凱莉化妝品色調, 要麼拍攝產品視訊，宣佈新品釋出。

詞彙突破：
1. Basically 主要地；基本上
2. Leverage 利用
3. Pout撅嘴 selfies 自拍
4. Caption 說明；字幕
5. Forthcoming 即將到來的
6. Launch 產品釋出

174.
AI is one of modern technology’s most competitive fields. Google CEO Sundar Pichai in January called AI “one of the most important things that humanity is working on” and “more profound than electricity or fire.” While Facebook’s AI rivals have developed automated voice assistants or spearheaded breakthroughs in gaming, robotics or self-driving cars, the social network has devoted much of its AI engineering to analysis of images, video and text–facial recognition, language translation and detection of unwanted content or harmful comments.

參考譯文：
人工智慧是是現代技術最具競爭力的領域之一。谷歌的執行長Sundar Pichai 一月稱人工智慧是“人類著手的最重要的事業之一”和 “比電或火意味更深遠”。臉書在人工智慧領域的競爭對手已經開發自動語音助理或在遊戲、機器人或自駕汽車上有領先性突破，但這家社交巨頭也在人工智慧工程上大手筆投入，分析影象、視訊和文字——面部識別、語言翻譯和檢測不良內容或有害評論。

詞彙突破：
1. AI 人工智慧
2. competitive 競爭性的
3. rivals 競爭對手
4. have developed automated voice assistants or
5. spearhead 領先，作為先鋒，突出
6. robotics 機器人
7. self-driving cars 自動駕駛汽車
8. devote 投入

173.
Widespread use of smart phone and social media has changed in no small measure our way of communication, of shopping and of learning. We used to be vocal about the benefits that new technologies brought: they will lead to unprecedented job growth, support the economy and improve the quality of our lives. But it’s hard to ignore the growing public apathy in chatting with our friends in person. Regardless of the enormous amount of photos shared on Face book, modern city dwellers grow detached from their immediate surroundings and fail to realize that codes and digits can never provide the human touch that we yearn for.

參考譯文：
智慧手機和社交媒體的廣泛應用大大改變了溝通、購物和學習的方式。我們曾經對新科技的優點不吝讚美：他們可帶來前所未有的就業增長，支援經濟並提升我們的生活質量。但我們很難忽視越來越嚴重的公眾冷漠。不願意與朋友面對面交談。雖然微信和臉書上分享了海量的照片，但現代的都市居民離周圍的現實越來越疏離，沒有意識到程式碼和位元組永遠無法提供我們內心渴望的人情味。

詞彙突破：
1. widespread 廣泛的
2. unprecedented 前所未有的
3. apathy 冷漠
4. detach 分離；分開
5. vocal 發聲，表達 （傳說中的打call）

172.
At a time when drugs can take a decade from discovery to market, and as Big Pharma develops fewer drugs, a growing number of researchers are, like Pantziarka, betting on old drugs. Repurposing isn’t new, but it has accelerated in recent years. And more than anything, that’s because researchers, who used to rely on serendipity, now have formidable data-crunching technologies that help identify crossover candidates.

參考譯文：
在這個發現新葯品到上市需要10年的年頭，大型製藥公司研發藥物的數量也在縮水的時候，越來越多的研究人員和Pantziarka一樣押寶舊藥。藥物用途調整並不是新做法，但近年來加速發展。且重要的是，因為研究人員過去依靠機緣，現在卻擁有強大的資料分析技術來幫助識別跨界藥。

詞彙突破：
1. from discovery to market 從發現到市場= commercialize
2. betting on 把希望寄託在
3. Repurpose 為了新用途對什麼稍加改動
4. formidable data-crunching technologies 強大的資料分析技術
5. crossover 跨界
6. serendipity 機緣，運氣 （不用記，這是超綱詞，但是不影響做題。）
7. disruptive 突破性

171.
And, more than anything, it means accepting that the world needs to wage war against climate change. Powerful vested interests will say there is plenty of time to act, and they are aided by climate-change deniers who say there is nothing to worry about. These people need to be called out. They are not deniers, they are climate-change appeasers. And they are just as dangerously misguided as fascism’s appeasers in the 1930s.

參考譯文：
最重要的是，這意味著（我們必須）接受這個世界需要對氣候變化開戰。強大的既得利益集團會說，我們有足夠的時間採取行動，他們得到了那些否認氣候變化的人的幫助，他們說，沒有什麼可擔心的。我們需要警惕這些人。他們不是否認者，他們是氣候變化的綏靖者。他們也像1930年代法西斯主義的綏靖分子一樣具有危險的誤導性。

詞彙突破：
1. more than anything 重要的是，（表示強調）
2. wage war against A 發動一場針對A的戰爭
3. Powerful vested interests 強大的利益集團
4. deniers 否認者
5. appeaser 綏靖分子
a policy of appeasement 綏靖（綏靖政策）
6. misguided cause 誤導人的事業
7. fascism 法西斯主義

170.
Back in 1990, Pew asked couples what made a marriage work, and fewer than half (47%) of adults said sharing household chores was very important. When couples were asked again 17 years since later, no other item on the list (which included faithfulness and happy sexual relationships) had risen in importance nearly as much, and across the demographic landscape―among men as well as women, marrieds as well as singles; old as well as young.

參考譯文：
上個世紀90年代，皮尤研究中心問一些情侶和夫妻：什麼能使婚姻穩固？低於一半（47%）的成年人表示，分擔家務非常重要。而17年後情侶和夫妻們被問到同樣的問題時，沒有任何一項（包括忠誠度以及和諧的性生活）在重要性上的提升能夠接近“分擔家務”，而且遍佈所有人口結構——不論男女、婚否或是老幼都這麼認為。

詞彙突破：
1. Couple 情侶或夫妻
2. Share 分擔
3. Chores 雜活
4. Faithfulness 忠誠
5. Demographic 人口的

169.
This year’s application round has been beset by controversy over the increasing use of unconditional offers by universities, with more than one in five sixth-form applicants receiving an offer of a place regardless of their A-level results. Some school leaders fear that unconditional offers cause pupils to have less motivation to reach their highest potential grades, and that they are more likely to underperform as a result.

參考譯文：
今年的申請回合一直備受爭議, 因為大學越來越多地使用無條件錄取, 超過 五分之一的六年級學生，無論中學高階水平考試的成績如何, 都能獲得錄取名額。一些學校的領導擔心, 無條件錄取會導致學生缺少動力，以達到可能的最高分數，因而更有可能表現不佳。

詞彙突破：
1. beset 困擾
2. controversy 爭議
3. unconditional 無條件的
4. six-form students 六年級學生，英國最高年級的中學生
5. motivation 動力
6. underperform 表現不佳

168.
Three tobacco companies are appealing against a “historic” decision by a Canadian court to award smokersC$15.6bn (£8.2bn) in damages. Quebec superior court justice Brian Riordan said the companies had put profits before the health of their customers. Bruce Johnston, a lawyer with one of the firms that took on the tobacco companies, called the ruling “historic – not just for the compensation for victims but also for public health and accountability”.

參考譯文：
加拿大法院作出的“歷史性”裁決，判定吸菸者可獲得156億加元（約82億英鎊）的損害賠償，三家菸草公司對此提起上訴。魁北克高階法院法官布萊恩·賴爾登說, 這些公司把利潤放在顧客的健康之前。（魁北克就是加拿大差點獨立的那個省啊。）參與較量菸草公司的一家律所的律師布魯斯·約翰斯頓稱這項裁決具有歷史性意義，不僅對補償受害者來說，對公眾健康和問責也是如此。

詞彙突破：
1. Appeal 上訴
2. Damages 損害賠償
3. Historical 歷史性的
4. Compensation 補償
5. Accountability 責任制；問責制

167.
In England the coalition’s controversial Health and Social Care Act 2012 places the health secretary under “an overarching duty to have regard to the need to reduce inequalities between the people of England with respect to the benefits that may be obtained by them from the health service”.

參考譯文：
在英格蘭，聯盟提出的2012年醫療和社會保障法案備受爭議。該法案規定衛生部長的首要責任是去關注一種需求即：減少英格蘭人從醫療服務中可能獲得的福利方面的不平等。

詞彙突破：
1. coalition 聯盟
2. controversial 有爭議的
3. overarching 首要的；支配一切的
4. inequality 不平等
5. obtain 獲得
6. with respect to 關於
7. to have regard to 關心…

166.
After 20 years of biologists arguing that most of the human genome must have some kind of function, it now seems that, because of the way evolution works, the vast majority of our DNA has to be useless – a suggestion that contradicts claims from prominent researchers.

參考譯文：
二十多年來，生物學家一直認為大部分人類基因組均有一定功能。但現在看起來，因為進化的工作機制，DNA中的絕大多數必須是無用的——這個意見否定了許多傑出研究者的假設。
（也就是說現在的研究結果和生物學家的觀點；傳統的觀點；傑出研究者的觀點是相反的。）

詞彙突破：
1. genome 基因組
2. evolution 進化
3. majority 大多數
4. contradict 否定；與……矛盾
5. claim 聲稱；要求
6. prominent 顯著的；傑出的

165.
The technology of text analytics has been around for a while—it powers, among other things, the spam filter you rely on to keep your inbox manageable—but as the tools have grown in sophistication, so have their uses. Many brands, for instance, rely on text-analytics firms to monitor their reputation on social media, in online reviews, and elsewhere on the web.

參考譯文：
文字分析技術已經存在很長一段時間——它的功能之一就是驅動保持收件箱可管理的垃圾郵件過濾器——但隨著這些工具越來越成熟，它們的用途也越來越多。例如許多品牌依靠文字分析公司來監控自己在社交媒體、線上評論和網路上其他地方的聲譽。

詞彙突破：
Spam filter 垃圾郵件過濾器
Manageable 可管理的
Sophistication 成熟，複雜
Monitor 監控
Reputation 名聲

164.
It is not surprising that generalizations about millennials—or about any generation — largely collapse under scrutiny. It is easy to confuse an observation about people of a given age with observations about a given generation. By virtue of their stage in life, they have particular hopes, worries, challenges and opportunities—all worthy of concern and study. The place to start is the assumption that the millennial generation are much like the people who came before them.

參考譯文：
對千禧一代（或者任何世代）的泛化大多一細究就會分崩離析，這不足為奇。人們極易混淆對一個年齡段人群和對一個特定世代的觀察。他們因人生階段不同，而擁有特別的希望、憂慮、挑戰和機遇——這些都值得關注和研究。我們可以從一個假設開始，即千禧一代很像他們的前輩。

詞彙突破：
1. generalization 概括；泛化 (歸納，找出某類事物的共性)
2. millennial 千禧一代
3. collapse 崩塌
4. observation 觀察
5. assumption 假設
6. By virtue of 因為
7. scrutiny 審查

163.
Throughout the history of dating, it’s been a truth universally acknowledged that a smart woman trades up socioeconomically but down when it comes to youth and looks – to ensure that the gentleman in question remains forever “grateful” to secure such a “prize”.

參考譯文：
聰明的女人會在經濟社會方面就高，但在年紀和外表上則就低，這樣她的物件就會因為獲得如此的“獎勵”（恩賜）而一直“心存感激”。綜觀整個求偶史，這是一個被普遍認可的真理。
（也就是：聰明的女人會找一個比自己社會地位高，經濟條件好，但長相不如自己的男性。）

詞彙突破：
1. universally 普遍地
2. acknowledge 認可
3. ensure 確保
4. grateful 心存感激的
5. desirable 令人滿意的
6. trade up 就高消費/交易/賣次買好
7. trade down 就低消費/交易
8. in question = 相關的 the gentleman in question=the gentleman concerned

162.
Incidentally, if you’re wondering whether the stars belonging to Oscar-winning directors Roman Polanski or Woody Allen have become contentious, the answer is that they don’t exist. Presence on the Walk of Fame is by no means an automatic honor – a celebrity has to be nominated, then they have to accept it and someone has to shell out $40,000.

參考譯文：
順便說一句，如果你想知道奧斯卡獲獎導演羅曼·波蘭斯基或伍迪·艾倫的“星星”是否有爭議的話，答案是他們的“星星”根本不存在。出現在 “星光大道”上絕不是自動獲得的榮譽——一個名人必須被提名，然後他們必須接受提名並有人必須支付40000美元。

詞彙突破：
1. Incidentally： 順便提一句
2. contentious： 有爭議的
3. by no means： 絕不是
4. celebrity： 名人
5. shell out 支付

161.
When there are clear alternatives to burning fossil fuels then politicians who do not act to prevent it must stand accused not just of failing to act, but of condoning the mass poisoning of their people.

參考譯文：
當有明顯的可替換方式出現，而不用再燃燒化石能源的時候，那些不採取行動來阻止燃燒化石能源的政客們必須受到指責，不僅因為他們不作為，而且因為他們縱容大規模的毒害本國人民。

詞彙突破：
1. alternatives 可替換物或者方式
2. fossil fuels 化石能源
3. stand accused not just of A, but of B 不僅被指責為A，而且被指責為B
4. condone 縱容（這個詞是超綱詞）但是完全不影響做題。（會影響做題的詞我都替換了。）
比如昨天：laude= praise; price gouging= price raising 該做的我都會做，你也不要懈怠！
5. blame 指責

160.
Johnson & Johnson and its peers were once praised as a collective of hero-innovators and credited with bringing lifesaving, world-changing technology from lab bench to patient bedside. Today they are more readily associated with rampant price raising, the worst drug overdose epidemic in modern history and a steady beat of cases similar to the talc-cancer one, in which profitable products caused real harm.

參考譯文：
強生及其同行一度被譽為 “英雄的創新集體”，是他們發明了拯救生命、改變世界的技術，並將它們從實驗室的工作臺帶到病人的床邊。今天它們卻更容易令人聯想起猖獗的漲價、現代史上最嚴重的藥物濫用大流行、比如類滑石粉-癌症案件等一系列事件，那些盈利的產品確實造成了真實傷害。

詞彙突破：
1. lifesaving 救命的
2. lab bench 實驗室的工作臺
3. rampant 猖獗的
4. bedside 床邊
5. talc-cancer 爽身粉致癌
6. A be credited with B 　把B歸功於A. 是A做了B

159.
In a time of Facebook, smartphones, self-driving cars, and computers that can beat a person at just about any board game, how can the key economic measure of technological progress be so pathetic? Some argue that it’s because today’s technologies are not nearly as impressive as we think. Robert Gordon contends that compared with breakthroughs like indoor plumbing and the electric motor, today’s advances are small and of limited economic benefit.

參考譯文：
在這個臉書、智慧手機、自動駕駛汽車和電腦能夠在任何棋類遊戲中擊敗人類的時代，技術進步的關鍵經濟指標怎會如此可憐？一些人認為這是因為今天的技術並沒有我們想象的那麼驕人。羅伯特. 戈登認為, 與室內管道和電動機等突破性技術相比, 當下的技術進步很小, 經濟利益有限。

詞彙突破：
1. contend 認為
2. breakthrough 突破
3. indoor plumbing 室內管道系統
4. pathetic 慘淡
5. Time was when 曾經 （有同學說這個表達好像見過，你應該見過：2010年的翻譯真題：Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence.）

158.
Teaching was never a way to get rich, but it was long considered a solid and respectable middle-class occupation. Over the past few decades, though, policymakers have chipped away at the economic and moral status of educators. The Reagan administration laid the groundwork with its seminal 1983 report “A Nation at Risk”. Among its recommendations are “more rigorous and measurable standards” for students and an “effective evaluation system” for teachers.

參考譯文：
教書從來都不是發家致富的途徑，但長期以來被認為是份穩定且體面的中產職業。然而在過去的幾十年裡，政策制定者們削弱了教育工作者的經濟和道德地位。里根政府奠定基礎，1983釋出開創性報告《危機中的國家》。報告的建議包括：制定針對學生的“更嚴格且可量化的標準”，針對教師的“有效評價體系”。

詞彙突破：
1. respectable 值得尊敬的；體面的
2. policymaker 政策制定者
3. chip away at 破壞；削弱
4. groundwork 根基
5. seminal 開創性的
6. recommendation 建議
7. rigorous 嚴格的

157.
But the truth is, the problem lies not with abuse of the medium, but with the medium itself. Addiction was built into social media’s design from the start – recall former Facebook president Sean Parker describing the “little dopamine hit” the product gives users to keep them hooked – and so too was the anger. The algorithm connected one’s fiercest opponents with each other online.

參考譯文：
但真相是問題不在於媒介的濫用，問題就出現在媒介本身。前臉書總裁肖恩·帕克（Sean Parker）回憶說，從一開始，成癮就被植入到社交媒體的設計中，他描述道社交軟體給使用者帶來的“一點多巴胺的刺激”就是為了讓使用者上癮，憤怒也是為了達到這個目的。該演算法將網路上最激烈的對手聯絡起來。

詞彙突破：
1. recall 回憶
2. A is built into B A被融入B；
This ability is built into us. 這種能力是我們與生俱來的。
3. “little dopamine hit” 少量多巴胺 這裡比喻為：帶來快樂的情緒
(比如讓你看到黃景瑜，你就會get “little dopamine hit”)
4. keep them hooked= get somebody addicted 使某人上癮
5. algorithm 演算法
6. employ 使用！！！（除了僱傭之外，這個單詞就是可以單純的表示，使用！）
還有：Evolution 除了“進化”之外，就是單純的表示“過程”；Earn 除了“賺”之外，就是單純的表示“獲得”；Knowledge 除了“知識”之外，就是單純的表示“知道”

156.
The QWERTY keyboard layout was designed to be deliberately inefficient so that the mechanical keys of the typewriter would jam less frequently. That feature is no longer relevant, but it doesn’t matter—we’re still typing on QWERTY keyboards, because that’s what people are used to. The same principle is what makes Google or Facebook or Amazon so massive.

參考譯文：
標準鍵盤的佈局故意設計的低效，以減少打字機的機械按鍵卡住的頻率。這個功能已無用武之處，但沒有關係——我們仍用標準鍵盤上打字，因為大家已經習慣了。同一規則也讓谷歌、臉書和亞馬遜體量巨大。

詞彙突破：
1. The QWERTY keyboard layout 標準鍵盤的佈局
2. deliberately 有意地
3. massive 體量巨大
4. And the like 等等； 根據之前名詞性質的不同可以改寫為：and its like; and her like; and his like和and their like 等；

155.
Can Apple beat others to be first with trillion dollar valuation? It seems only a matter of time before the milestone is reached, but whether that marks the start of a new bull-market phase for equities or a storm warning is still up in the air.

參考譯文：
蘋果能打敗其他公司成為首家市值過萬億（美元）的企業麼？看起來達到這個里程碑只是時間問題，但它標誌的是新牛市的起點還是風暴預警，尚待商榷。

詞彙突破：
1. valuation 估值
2. milestone 里程碑
3. bull market 牛市
4. equity 股票；權益
5. up in the air 懸而未決

154.
Few would deny that parents and teachers should expose children to a wide range of toys and play activities. But what the Swedes are now doing in some of their classrooms goes far beyond encouraging children to experiment with different toys and play styles—they are requiring it. And toy companies who resist the gender neutrality mandate face official censure. Is this kind of social engineering worth it? Is it even ethical?

參考譯文：
家長和老師應該讓孩子大範圍地接觸各種玩具和遊戲，很少人會否定這點。但瑞典人在一些教室的所為已經超出了鼓勵的範疇，他們在命令孩子嘗試不同玩具和遊戲風格。抵制性別中立指令的玩具公司將面臨官方譴責。這種社會工程值得麼？它甚至是道德的麼？

詞彙突破：
1. expose 使暴露於；揭露
2. go far beyond 遠遠超過
3. resist抵抗
4. neutrality 中立
5. mandate 命令；指令
6. censure 責難
7. ethical 道德的

153.
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

參考譯文：
還記得那些日子嗎？科學家認為吸菸會殺了我們。但是懷疑者堅持認為我們還不能確定地知道。新聞媒體開頭喜歡標新立異，有些用法就不是很規範，比如這裡的that其實就是第一句中insist後的that；所以第二句就是doubters的觀點：（問號其實還是第一句中第一個小分句的問號，本身這個句子是沒有疑問語氣的。）吸菸的遊說團體正準備摧毀我們的生活方式。政府應該別插手。很多美國人都相信了這種胡說八道。過去的三十年間，有大約一千萬吸菸者過早的死去。

詞彙突破：
1. correlation 聯絡
2. nonsense 胡說八道
3. argument 論點 （一些語境下也可以是論據；）
4. inconclusive 無定論的，不確定的，沒有說服力的；
5. lobby 遊說團體
6. buy 相信

152.
Although the Environmentally Sensitive Area is extremely popular with the American public, it has long been a bogeyman of special interest groups – especially the mining industry, oil and gas extractors, timber companies and ranchers. The reason is simple: in some cases, protecting species requires limiting activities that are putting those species at risk.

參考譯文：
雖然環境敏感區在美國公眾中非常受歡迎, 但它對特殊利益集團（尤其是礦業、石油天然氣開發商、木材公司和牧場主）來說卻是“可怕的妖孽”。原因很簡單：有時候保護物種需要限制那些會讓它們涉險的活動。

151.
But we also must reject educational systems that, behind a supposed commitment to equity, quietly perpetuate the status quo. Instead of focusing on who from the margins is able to get in, we would do better to direct our attention to the fundamental ways selective admissions and educational institutions maintain the privileges of whiteness.

參考譯文：
但是我們同樣應該抵制這樣的教育系統：一邊聲稱遵守公平，一邊背後悄悄地固化現狀。我們不用關注哪些來自弱勢群體的人能進入（精英學校），我們最好把注意力集中到這些根本性的方式上：有選擇性的招生方式和教育機構在維持著白人的特權。

詞彙突破：
1. supposed 聲稱的
2. commitment to equity 對於公平的承諾
3. perpetuate the status quo 固化現狀 cement= perpetuate
4. people from margins 邊緣人群，弱勢群體
5. direct our attention to 把我們的注意力集中到…
6. selective admissions 有選擇性的招生方式

150.
But the problem isn’t just the proliferation of falsehoods. Fabricated videos will create new and understandable suspicions about everything we watch. Politicians and publicists will exploit those doubts. When captured in a moment of wrongdoing, a culprit will simply declare the visual evidence a malicious mixture.

參考譯文：
但問題不僅僅在於虛假資訊的傳播。假視訊將讓我們對看到的所有事物都生髮新的、情有可原的懷疑。政客和公關人員會利用這種疑心。當被捕捉到不法行為或作惡時，元凶只需簡單地宣稱，視覺證據是惡意合成的。

詞彙突破：
1. proliferation of falsehoods 虛假資訊的增加和擴散
2. Fabricated videos 虛假視訊
3. publicists 公關人員
4. exploit 利用
5. culprit （這個詞我們見過的）犯錯的人，引起問題的事物
6. a malicious mixture 惡意合成的

149.
With digital rivals like Apple jumping into entertainment and entertainment competitors like Disney pouncing on digital, Netflix’s fast-growing, big-spending ways suddenly don’t seem so ironclad. Investors are beginning to wonder whether Netflix is about to be disrupted itself.

參考譯文：
蘋果之類的數字對手一頭扎進娛樂業，迪士尼之流的娛樂對手則撲向數字化，奈飛Netflix的快速增長、鉅額支出的模式看起來並不是牢不可破。投資者開始懷疑這個特立獨行的巨頭是否即將被顛覆。投資者開始擔心奈飛公司是否會自亂陣腳。

詞彙突破：
1. rivals 競爭對手
2. pounce on 猛撲
3. ironclad 不可打破的，堅如鋼鐵的
4. invincible 不可戰勝的
5. be disrupted itself 自亂陣腳

148.
However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.

參考譯文：
但是，看戲的人在看戲的時候，確實會稍作觀光。看戲的人在這個小城裡除了劇院哪裡也不去。RSC認為，正是看戲的人帶來小鎮大量收入，因為他們會在這裡過夜（有些人會呆四到五個晚上）這樣現金就流入了賓館和酒店。觀光的人在夜幕降臨時候就參觀完一切離開小鎮了。

詞彙突破：
1. playgoers 看戲的人
2. sight-seeing 觀光
3. along with 在…的時候
4. contend 認為
5. take in 看完
6. no other A than B ；除了B之外什麼都沒有(A 和B是上下詞關係)
I see no other handsome men in the village than Aman.
(這個村子裡我只看到一男這一個帥哥。）（男哥顏值擔當，全村驕傲！）

147.
People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, the advertising in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

參考譯文：
人們被吸引到了19世紀百貨商店發起的消費文化中，這些商店在高雅的氛圍中提供各種商品。
反歡樂藝術的興起幾乎準確地追隨者大眾傳媒的出現，以及隨之而來的廣告的出現。在廣告中幸福是一種手段而不是目的。

詞彙突破：
1. a culture of consumption 消費文化
2. vast arrays of goods 各種商品
3. elegant atmosphere 高雅的氛圍
4. not an ideal but an ideology 不是目標而是手段
5. owe A to B B是A的原因
6. rise= emergence:出現
7. emerge 出現

146.
The city of Hazleton’s experience offers a glimpse into the future as white Americans confront the end of their majority status, which often has meant that their story, their traditions, their tastes, and their cultural aesthetic were seen as being essentially American.

參考譯文：
黑澤爾頓市的經歷讓我們看到了未來的樣子：美國白人將面對其主體地位的終結。美國白人的主體地位指的是，他們的故事、傳統、品位和文化審美被視為經典的美式風範。

詞彙突破：
1. A offers a glimpse into B：A讓我們能瞭解B
2. majority status 主體地位
3. cultural aesthetic 文化審美
4. essentially American 經典的美式風範

145.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

參考譯文：
在一個如此執著地歌頌生育的社會裡，毫無疑問，承認你後悔有孩子就等於承認你支援殺小貓。不快樂的父母很少被刺激去思考：他們是否不該有孩子；但不開心的沒有孩子的夫妻卻常被下面的資訊騷擾：孩子才是世界上最重要的事情：很明顯，他們的痛苦就是他們生活中一個張開的嬰兒大小的洞，造成的直接後果。
（這裡也是一個比喻，就想說明，你們不開心就是因為生命不完整，你們的生命缺孩子。）

詞彙突破：
1. be equivalent to 相當於
2. provoke 刺激
3. the gaping baby-size holes 張開的嬰兒大小的洞
4. is it any wonder that…? 還有什麼疑問嗎？= 毫無疑問；
5. celebrate 慶祝
6. procreation 生育
7. kitten 小貓
8. are exposed to 面對，受到

144.
With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.
Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell.

參考譯文：
經濟發展了，人口也越來越集中了。1億1千9百萬日本人中，有76%居住在城市中。城市裡，社群和大家庭關係被拋棄了，取而代之的是孤立的兩代家庭。都市的日本人長期以來忍受著長時間的通勤（上下班）和擁擠的居住環境。但是由於傳統的集體和家庭價值觀削弱了，不舒服的感覺就呈現出來了。

143.
The presumption that low-income first-generation college students will cash in their “golden ticket” of going to a top school can be strong. “Middle- or upper-class students have the luxury of making mistakes. Students from working-class backgrounds – that one mistake can send them back down the economic ladder,” says Stephens, the Kellogg professor.

參考譯文：
這些學生會變現就讀名校的“黃金門票”，這一說法很有說服力。中產或上等階層的學生有可以試錯的優勢。“而對於來自工人家庭背景的學生，一個錯誤就能讓他們順著經濟階梯回到原點。” 凱洛格商學院教授斯蒂芬斯說

詞彙突破：
1. presumption 觀點,假設,看法
2. The presumption can be strong 這種想法是很有說服力的；=人們強烈的認定
3. cash in 兌換
4. luxury 不常有的樂趣(或享受、優勢) （這個意思你是不知道的；好好積累！）
例句：
We had the luxury of being able to choose from five good candidates for the job.
我們的挑選餘地大,有五位出色的職位候選人可供選擇。
5. “golden ticket” of going to a top school 就讀名校的”黃金門票”

142.
While the government continues to flounder, it is important for us to reflect on whether the convenience of websites such as Amazon are truly worth the cost to workers who claim to suffer from the inadequate facilities and awful environments that are pervasive in these warehouses.

參考譯文：
雖然政府仍在苦苦掙扎，但我們必須反思，像亞馬遜這樣的網站，其(提供的)便利性是否真正值得工人們付出這樣的代價，工人們聲稱，由於普遍缺乏足夠的設施和惡劣的環境而飽受折磨。

詞彙突破：
1. flounder 不知所措，困難重重，苦苦掙扎
2. ponder 思考
3. pervasive 遍佈的，瀰漫的
4. dwarf 使顯得矮小；使相形見絀；(必考詞彙)
例句1：The old houses were dwarfed by the huge new tower blocks.
這些舊房子在新建的高樓大廈的映襯下顯得十分矮小。
例句2：The US air travel market dwarfs that of Britain.
與美國航空旅行市場比起來，英國的航空旅行市場相形見絀。
你就記住：A dwarfs B = B is dwarfed by A : A 比B大；

141.
In her Lancaster House speech of January last year, Mrs May appeared to have a viable plan for Brexit: to withdraw from the single market and the customs union, to negotiate in their place a free trade agreement, and to opt back into EU programmes where the government saw fit. But since Article 50 was triggered it has become increasingly and painfully clear that the government has no negotiating strategy to get to this point. Instead, ministers have allowed themselves to be buffeted around by an EU negotiating team that has seemed to have more purpose and direction than its counterpart.

參考譯文：
梅首相去年1月在蘭卡斯特宮的演講時，看似擁有可行的退歐計劃：退出單一市場和關稅聯盟，協商自由貿易協議作為取代，政府認為合適時再選擇回到歐盟專案。但觸發第50條之後，越來越明朗的是，政府沒有談判策略來達到這點，這是令人痛心。相反，歐盟談判小組比英國的談判小組更有目標和方向，英國的部長們被對手們“推來搡去”。

詞彙突破：
1. a viable plan 可行的計劃
2. customs union 關稅聯盟
3. opt 選擇
4. fit 合適
5. trigger 發起
6. painfully 翻譯的時候可以獨立成句，翻譯為：這令人痛心；
7. negotiating strategy 談判策略
8. Instead 相反
9. buffet 除了自助餐的意思之外，這個單詞還有：“推來搡去”的意思
10. counterpart : 對應人，對應物（翻譯時要找到具體指代是什麼）

140.
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” – the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center，“If you don’t like it, change it.”

參考譯文：
在一個好的夜晚睡眠的所有組成部分中，夢似乎是我們最無法控制的。在夢中，一扇窗通往另一個世界的窗戶打開了，在那裡邏輯被擱置，死人說話。一個世紀前，弗洛伊德提出了他革命性的理論，即夢是我們潛意識慾望和恐懼的偽裝影子。到了20世紀70年代末，神經學家們開始把夢看作是“精神噪音”– 睡眠時神經修復工作的隨機副產品。現在，研究人員認為夢是大腦情緒調節器的一部分，當大腦處於“離線”狀態時，夢會調節情緒。一位頂級權威人士說這些非常強大的精神事件（夢）不僅可以被利用，而且可以被有意識地控制，幫助我們睡的更好並感覺更好。“這是你的夢想，”芝加哥醫學中心的心理學主任羅莎琳德·卡特賴特說，“如果你不喜歡，改變它。”

139.
The decline in renewable power generation spending was mostly down to falls in wind power and hydro but solar hit record levels despite becoming cheaper to install.

World leaders’ warm words on renewables and energy efficiency needed to be matched with action, Birol said, urging governments to create less investment uncertainty for green energy.

參考譯文：
可再生能源發電支出的下降主要是由於風力和水力方面的下降，但儘管安裝成本越來越低，太陽能方面的投入支出也達到了創紀錄的（低）水平。

Birol說，世界各國領導人在可再生能源和能源效率問題上的熱情洋溢的好聽話需要與行動配合起來，他敦促各國政府減少對綠色能源投資的不確定性。

詞彙突破：
1. renewable power generation spending：可再生能源發電開支：
2. Be down to： 由…引起(造成) （是不是一個很酷的短語啊！）
The problem is down to the media.
(這個問題是媒體造成的。)
3. wind power and hydro：風能和水力發電
4. solar：太陽能
5. hit record levels 達到創紀錄的水平
6. warm words 好聽的話
7. urge 敦促

138.
As long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses high-dosage pain-relieving medication to hasten death.

Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.

參考譯文：
只要醫生的處方是出於合法的醫學目的，那麼醫生就沒有做非法的事情，即使病人用大劑量的鎮痛藥來加速死亡。

只有當每隻猴子感覺到沒有被欺騙的時候，這樣的合作才有可能是穩定的。

詞彙突破：
1. prescribe 處方
2. legitimate 合法的
3. high-dosage pain-relieving medication 大劑量的鎮痛藥
4. hasten 加速

137.
Lack of definitive proof that a technology is harmful does not mean the technology is safe, yet the wireless industry has succeeded in selling this logical fallacy to the world. The upshot is that, over the past 30 years, billions of people around the world have been the wireless industry a public-health experiment: use a mobile phone today, find out later if it causes genetic damage or cancer.

參考譯文：
沒有確鑿的證據證明一種技術是有害的並不意味著這種技術是安全的，然而手機行業已經成功地將這種邏輯謬論兜售給了全世界。結果是，在過去的30年中，全世界有數十億人接受了手機行業的一個公共衛生實驗：今天使用手機，晚點看看它是否會導致基因損傷或癌症。

詞彙突破：
1. definitive proof 確鑿的證據
2. the wireless industry 手機行業（無線通訊行業）
3. upshot 結果
4. logical fallacy 邏輯謬論
5. public-health experiment：公共衛生實驗
6. genetic damage 基因損傷

136.
In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.

參考譯文：
John McWhorter 是一位語言學家也是一位有爭議的人，他既有自由派的觀點又有保守派的觀點。他認為1960年代反文化運動的勝利造成了正式英語的衰退。McWhorter先生的學術專長是語言史和語言的改變，而且他認為比如像whom這樣表達的消失，是自然而然的事情；就和古英語中格結尾的消失一樣不令人遺憾。

詞彙突破：
1. controversialist 具有爭議的人物
2. liberal and conservative views 自由派和保守派的觀點
3. sees A as responsible for B： 認為A是B的原因
4. academic speciality：學術專長
5. see A to be natural ：認為A是正常的
6. see A to be no more regrettable than B : 認為A和B一樣不令人遺憾
7. the loss of the case-endings of Old English 古英語格結尾的丟失
（我們知道現代英語中有主格和賓格；古英語中還有陰格和陽格等各種格；古時候的英語都可以叫“格格”了。總之就是古英語的一種語言現象。）
8. but all too： 再…不過了；相當於very
9. inevitable 不可避免；radical 激進的
10. bring about 造成
11. controversy over A 對於A的爭議； 這裡的over= about
12. counter-culture 反文化的運動

135.
It is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that sets lead safety levels for drinking water utilities, although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises there is no safe amount of lead once it gets into the bloodstream.

參考譯文：
儘管美國食品和藥物管理局（FDA）建議，一旦進入血液中，就不存在鉛的安全含量這一說了，但美國環境保護局（EPA）為飲用水公用設施設定了鉛的安全標準。

詞彙突破：
1. lead 鉛 （這個真的是必考詞彙）
2. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 美國環保署
3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 食品與藥物管理局
4. drinking water utilities 飲用水的公共設施 （這個是解題的關鍵資訊）

134.
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

參考譯文：
憲法在多大程度上保護了你的數字資料呢？最高法院現在將考慮，如果在逮捕期間，手機就在犯罪嫌疑人身上或周圍，警察是否可以在沒有搜查令的情況下搜查行動電話的內容。

詞彙突破：
1. the Constitution 美國憲法
2. The Supreme Court 最高法院
3. a warrant 授權令，搜查令，執行令
4. legitimate 合法的，合理的
5. being authorized 授權
6. prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
7. prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事

133.
Meat industry lobby recently defeated two measures seen as “anti-meat”. First, the French parliament dropped a proposal to introduce at least one vegetarian school meal a week. Then it voted in favour of a ban of the use of meat-related words such as “sausage” or “bacon” for the selling of veggie or vegan alternative products.

參考譯文：
肉類行業的遊說集團最近挫敗了兩個被視為“反肉類”的措施。首先，法國國會放棄了學校每週至少引入一次素食餐的提議。其次國會投票支援禁止銷售純素食或純素替代產品時使用諸如“腸”或“培根”等相關肉類詞彙。

詞彙突破：
1. defeat 擊敗
2. Meat industry 肉類行業
3. French parliament 法國議會
4. dropped a proposal （放棄）否定掉一個提案
Drop的反義詞是pick ,現在知道了吧！
天天都在說pick me! Pick me！
你今天就被這個題給drop 了吧!
5. voted in favour of 投票支援
6. meat-related words 與肉相關的詞彙
7. veggie or vegan alternative products 純素食或純素替代產品

132.
It remains unclear, too, whether the programs can consistently recruit enough high-potential students to sustain profitable operations once they exhaust their venture capital.

參考譯文：
目前還有一件事情不清楚，一旦這些專案耗盡了風險資本，它們是否能夠持續招聘足夠多的高潛力學生，以維持盈利的運作。

詞彙突破：
1. consistently：持續地
2. recruit 招募
3. high-potential 高潛力的
4. sustain 維持
5. profitable operations 盈利的運作
6. exhaust 耗盡
7. venture capital 風險資本=風險投資（來自於投資人的）
Operational cost 運營成本

131.
Beyond this, liberal Europe has to find ways of addressing those deep emotional needs for community and identity that populists exploit. For the foreseeable future, it is an illusion to believe that any transnational or supranational identity can compete with national identity which remains an incomparable source of passion and belonging.

參考譯文：
除此之外，自由歐洲必須找到辦法來應對那些民粹主義者所利用的對社群和身份的深刻情感需求。在可預見的將來，認為任何跨國或超國家認同能與國家認同相競爭，都是一種幻想。國家認同仍然是激情和歸屬的無可比擬的源泉。

詞彙突破：
1. Beyond this 除此之外
2. address 應對
3. populists 民粹主義者
4. exploit利用
5. the foreseeable future 可預見的未來
6. illusion 幻想
7. transnational 跨國的
8. supranational 超越國界的
9. incomparable 無可比擬的

130.
Shell also bought the UK’s biggest challenger electricity and gas supplier recently, so it stands to benefit if more motorists plug in their cars.Ben van Beurden, Shell’s chief executive, tells investors that he is not spending up to $2bn (£1.5bn) a year on green stuff just for the company’s reputation. So straightforward self-interest explains a lot.

參考譯文：
因此，殼牌最近還收購了英國最大的和自己有競爭關係的電力和天然氣供應商，如果更多的汽車司機插上電源，該公司將從中受益。殼牌執行長本·範伯登(Ben van Beurden)告訴投資者，他不會僅僅為了公司的聲譽而在環保產品上花費多達20億美元（£15億）的資金。所以直截了當的利己主義解釋了很多。

詞彙突破：
1. stands to benefit: 獲益
2. plug in their cars: 給自己的汽車充電（這裡指的就是選擇新能源汽車）
3. straightforward self-interest：直截了當的利己主義
4. up to 達到
5. green stuff 環保產品

129.
A graphic went viral on social media ahead of England’s World Cup match against Tunisia, claiming: “No one wants England to win more than women.” Published by the domestic abuse charity Pathway Project, it explained that domestic abuse rates increase by 38% when England lose.

參考譯文：
在英格蘭與突尼西亞的世界盃比賽前，一副圖表在社交媒體上迅速傳播開來，並聲稱：“沒有人比女人更希望英格蘭隊贏。”這個圖表是由防止家庭虐待慈善組織Pathway Project釋出的，這個圖表解釋說，當英國隊輸球時，家庭虐待率上升了38%。

詞彙突破：
1.A graphic went viral on social media社交媒體上流傳著一幅圖表
（sth go viral on social media: 非常好的寫作句型；可以用於圖畫或者圖表作文的第一段）
This graphic,if posted on the Weibo, will go viral on it.
這個圖表如果貼在微博上，一定會獲得廣泛的關注。
雖然，viral是一個貶義詞，病毒的意思，但是這個短語本身是中性的。
2. ahead of：在…之前
3. the domestic abuse charity （防止）家庭暴力的慈善機構
這和之前有意識的（反）歧視訓練，是一個路數；.（還記得嗎？）
unconscious bias training 無意識的反歧視訓練
4. outfit 機構，小組

128.
The original proposal to extend produced a lot of “Stop the Tate” posters in windows throughout the town, and protests about everything from property prices being driven up by arty incomers to the loss of parking spaces.
After extensive public consultation, the architects’ eventual solution was to double the gallery space by excavating into the hillside behind the original building .

參考譯文：
原來擴建計劃使得全城的窗戶上貼上很多“阻止泰特”的（抗議）海報，還引發了各種抗議，內容包括從正在被愛好藝術的新來人口給推高的房價到停車位的損失等所有事情。經過廣泛的公眾諮詢後，建築師最終的解決方案是在原有建築後面的山坡進行開鑿，進而使畫廊空間翻倍。

詞彙突破：
1. original proposal to extend：最初的擴建建議
2. produce 導致
3. “Stop the Tate” posters 停止擴建泰特美術館的海報
4. property prices 房價
5. arty incomers 愛好藝術的新來人口
6. parking spaces 停車位
7. gallery 美術館，藝術館
8. excavate 挖掘，開鑿
9. hillside 山坡

127.
It’s fairly well-known that a bad diet, a lack of exercise, and genetics can all contribute to type 2 diabetes. But a new global study points to an additional, surprising culprit: the air pollution emitted by cars and trucks.

參考譯文：
眾所周知，不良的飲食習慣、缺乏鍛鍊以及遺傳因素都會導致2型糖尿病。但一項新的全球研究指出了另一個令人驚訝的原因：汽車和卡車排放所造成的空氣汙染。

詞彙突破：
1. type 2 diabetes 二型糖尿病
2. culprit 肇事者，引起問題的事物，罪魁禍首
3. additional 另外的
4. bad diet 糟糕的膳食
5. a lack of exercise 缺乏鍛鍊
6. genetics 基因

126.
We are not supposed to think of the world in terms of us and them, yet it is impossible, moving between the two countries, not to see the welfare state, the NHS, and the philosophy that underpins them, as the greatest differences between society in the UK and the one in the US.

參考譯文：
我們不應該按“我們”和“他們”的視角來看待這個世界，然而，在兩國間移動，不可能不把福利國家、國家醫療服務體系以及作為其基礎的哲學視為英國和美國社會之間最大的差異。

詞彙突破：
1. in terms of 就…而言
2. underpin 加強，鞏固，構成（基礎等）
3. welfare state 福利國家 （福利國家是國家通過創辦並資助社會公共事業，實行和完善一套社會福利政策和制度，對社會經濟生活進行干預，保證社會秩序和經濟生活正常執行的一種方法。）
4. NHS(National Health Service)，即英國國家醫療服務體系，這個體系一直承擔著保障英國全民公費醫療保健的重任，遵行救濟貧民的選擇性原則，並提倡了普遍性原則。
5.see A as B 重點搭配：認為A是B
View A as B= treat A as B = accept A as B= portray A as B=identify A as B
(認為A是B；) 這些搭配還可以寫成：
View as B A=accept as B A= portray as B A
6. be supposed to do sth： 應該做某事

125.
Already there is much speculation that Donald Trump’s nominee to replace Kennedy will be, if confirmed, the decisive vote to overturn Roe v Wade, the decision legalizing a woman’s right to have an abortion.

參考譯文：
已經有很多人猜測，唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)提名的接替肯尼迪(Kennedy)的候選人，如果得