239.
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.

參考譯文：
（法律行業）成本如此之高的另一個原因是法律行業的限制性的行業協會式的所有權結構。除哥倫比亞特區外，（在其他地區）非律師不得擁有任何律師事務所的股份。

詞彙突破：

1. restrictive 限制性的
2. guild-like ownership 行業協會式的所有制結構
3. non-lawyers 非律師 non-teacher 非教師；不是律師的人； （有同學理解為了沒有律師，所有錯選了D，真的很可惜。）
4. aggravate 加劇，惡化
5. ethical situation 道德形勢
6. law-firm shares 律所股份

238.
Yet, thanks to cross-party alliances forged in the Lords, the Conservative and Labour leaders, and pro-Brexit MPs, will this week be obliged to justify why they think quitting or, in Labour’s case, not-quite-quitting, the single market, the most advantageous and profitable trading arrangement the UK has enjoyed, is a good idea.

參考譯文：
但是多虧上議院形成的跨黨派聯盟，保守黨和工黨的領袖以及支援脫歐的議員本週將不得不證明，為什麼他們認為退出或“不完全退出”（對工黨來說）單一市場是個好主意。單一市場是英國享受過的最有利、最賺錢的交易協議。

詞彙突破：

1. alliance 聯盟
2. forge 形成，打造，鑄就
3. be obliged to do sth 不得不
4. justify 證明…是合理的
5. advantageous 有利的
6. profitable 賺錢的
7. in one’s case 對…而言； 按照…而言
8. pro-Brexit MPs 支援脫歐的議員
9. the single market 單一市場（這裡指的就是歐盟）

237.

Regulators worry that this novel fund-raising method is allowing people to ignore the rules that are supposed to protect investors. The financial authorities around the world have been promising to crack down on coin offerings, which rose out of nowhere last year to become a popular way for start-ups to raise tens of millions of dollars, sometimes in minutes.

參考譯文：
監管者擔心這種新型的籌資方法會使人們無視那些本應保護投資者的規定。全球的金融管理者均許諾打擊代幣發行。代幣發行去年突然出現，成為創業企業籌資的流行方式，有時不到一小時就能籌集數千萬美元。

詞彙突破：

1. Regulators 監管者
2. fund-raising method 資金募集手段
3. ignore 忽視
4. The financial authorities 金融監管部門
5. crack down on （短語）制裁
6. coin offerings 代幣發行
7. rise out of nowhere 突然出現
8. start-ups 創業企業

236.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan. "That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness.”

參考譯文：
目前對標準化測試的強調突出了分析和過程，這意味著我們很少有人天生地使用我們創新和聯絡的思維模式。“這打破了美國信仰體系的主要規則——任何人都可以做任何事，”M.J.瑞安解釋說。“這是個我們一直在延續的謊言，它讓我們變得平凡。

詞彙突破：

1. highlights 強調
2. analysis分析
3. procedure 程式化
4. inherently 天生
5. innovative and collaborative modes 創新和聯絡的模式
6. perpetuate 一直維持
7. commonness 平庸
8. comply with 遵守
9. foster 培養

235.
While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

參考譯文：
雖然種種民調顯示英國人認為鄉村和王室，莎士比亞和英國國家醫療服務體系（NHS）一樣，是他們為這個國家最感到驕傲的地方，但是鄉村只得到了有限的政治支援。

詞彙突破：

1. poll 民調（民意調查）
2. alongside …相比；和…一樣(對比的作用)
3. NHS 英國國家醫療服務體系
4. while 雖然
5. Briton 英國人
6. rate 評為，認為

234.
Yet New York’s good fortune has brought with it two formidable challenges: the challenge of displacement, the product of a rental housing market that has long been starved of inventory, and of meeting the transit needs of a growing city.

參考譯文：
但紐約的好運氣也帶來了兩個棘手的難題：失所問題，這是租房市場長期庫存不足的產物；以及滿足城市擴張的交通需求的問題。

詞彙突破：

1. fortune 機會，運氣，運勢；鉅款，一大筆錢
2. with it 隨之（作狀語，閱讀時，見到一般就刪除，完全不影響句子意思，翻譯的時候也不用翻譯）
   例句：This change brings with it the greater reward than financial success.
   這個改變帶來了比經濟成功更大的回報
3. formidable 令人恐懼的，令人害怕的= dreadful
4. displacement 取代，替換，移位，免職
5. transit 運輸，交通=transportation； 中轉
6. inventory 庫存，清單
7. be starve of sth 缺少…

233.
But as we move away from the skinny goals of the mid-2000s and embrace different shapes and sizes, one group of campaigners has taken things a step too far. Fronted by plus-sized models and social media influencers, the fat acceptance movement aims to normalize obesity, letting everyone know that it’s fine to be fat.

參考譯文：
隨著我們告別00年代中期的瘦身目標，並接納不同的身材和尺寸，一群活動者的步子邁得過了頭。加大碼模特和網路紅人引領的“接受胖人運動”以肥胖正常化為目標，讓人人都知道胖沒什麼不好。

詞彙突破：

1. Move away from 遠離
2. skinny goal 保持瘦的目標
3. embrace 接受（本意是擁抱，但是考研英語中都是表示接受某個觀點。）
4. campaigner 活動者
5. taken things a step too far 更進一步，因為加了too ,所以表示過分了
6. Fronted by；由…領導；
   例句：Fronted by a seasoned politician, the commission was viewed as a potential game-changer in the field.
   此協會由資深政治家領導，被視為領域內的潛在變革者。（有沒有感覺例句也是知識點滿滿啊。）
7. plus-sized models 大碼模特
8. social media influencers 社交媒體上有影響力的人
9. the fat acceptance movement 這是一個活動的名字
10. aims to 目的是…
11. normalize 使…成為正常；
12. obesity 肥胖
13. mid-2000s 本世紀前十年的中期（2005年左右）

232.
Few would deny that parents and teachers should expose children to a wide range of toys and play activities. But what the Swedes are now doing in some of their classrooms goes far beyond encouraging children to experiment with different toys and play styles—they are requiring it. And toy companies who resist the gender neutrality mandate face official censure. Is this kind of social engineering worth it? Is it even ethical?

參考譯文：
家長和老師應該讓孩子大範圍地接觸各種玩具和遊戲，很少人會否定這點。但瑞典人在一些教室的所為已經超出了鼓勵的範疇，他們在命令孩子嘗試不同玩具和遊戲風格。抵制性別中立指令的玩具公司將面臨官方譴責。這種社會工程值得麼？它甚至是道德的麼？

詞彙突破：

1. expose 使暴露於；揭露
2. go far beyond 遠遠超過
3. resist 抵抗
4. neutrality 中立
5. mandate 命令；指令
6. censure 責難
7. ethical 道德的

231.
But while growth is picking up, the global economy still looks vulnerable, the IMF said, especially amid the growing threat of protectionist measures that could cut economies off from global trading partners and risk triggering a trade war.

參考譯文：
但是國際貨幣基金組織指出，雖然增長復甦，全球經濟仍看似脆弱，特別是貿易保護主義措施所帶來的威脅愈演愈烈，這些措施會讓各經濟體和其全球貿易伙伴失去聯絡，也會帶來貿易戰的風險。

詞彙突破：

1. Vulnerable 脆弱的
2. Protectionist 保護主義的
3. Trading partners 貿易伙伴
4. Trigger 引發
5. Trade war 貿易戰

230.
Celebrities or idols have the strong presence in our daily lives: they appear in TV commercials, movies, interviews, magazine covers and recently, social media platforms. They exist far away from us and yet their influences are so close and immediate that we feel that they are talking to us in person through screens. Contrary to the common lament over “moral decline”, I believe that stars and celebrities can be the positive momentum to society. The excellent idols can set good examples with their good deeds and inspire our dreams with their achievements. They have the power to channel public attention to crucial issues and bring out energy that government agencies are impossible to catch up.

參考譯文：
名人或偶像在我們的日常生活中有著很強的影響力：他們出現在電視廣告、電影、採訪、雜誌封面以及就近而言的社交媒體平臺上。他們生活在遠離我們的地方，但他們對我們的影響是如此的密切和直接，以至於我們會覺得他們是通過螢幕與我們面對面交談。與普遍的“道德淪喪”的哀嘆相反，我相信明星和名人可以成為社會的積極動力。優秀的偶像能用他們的善行樹立好榜樣，用他們的成就激勵我們的夢想。他們有權將公眾的注意力引向關鍵問題，並釋放政府機構不可能趕上的能源。他們有力量將公眾的注意力引向關鍵問題，所能產生的力量甚至連政府部門都沒有辦法企及。

詞彙突破：

1. Contrary to 與…相反
2. lament 哀嘆
3. moral decline 道德滑坡
4. positive momentum 正能量
5. good deeds 善行
6. inspire our dreams 激勵我們的夢想
7. channel public attention to 將公眾的注意力引向…
8. bring out 產生
9. catch up 趕上

229.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

參考譯文：
在任何社會裡面，教育都是這個社會的一面鏡子。在這面鏡子裡面，我們能看到力量，弱點，希望，偏見和文化本身的核心價值觀。過去三十年間，公共教育中表現出來的對於有智力缺陷的孩子巨大關注表明了這個社會中一種強烈的感受：所有的公民，無論他們有什麼樣的特殊條件，都應該有機會去充分地發展他們的能力。

228.
Although he had little else to offer patients besides the lifestyle remedies of the Greeks, melancholia was finally thought to be at least partly biological. In subsequent years, everything from herbal remedies to opium to music therapy to spinning stools designed to make people too dizzy to feel pain fell in and out of vogue.

參考譯文：
雖然他除了希臘人的生活方式療法之外就沒有什麼可以提供給病人，但憂鬱終於被認為至少部分源於生理。接下來的數年，從草藥、鴉片、音樂療法到旋轉凳所有那些旨在讓人因頭暈目眩而無法覺察痛楚的潮流時興時衰。

詞彙突破：

1. lifestyle 生活方式
2. remedy 治療
3. melancholia 憂鬱
4. subsequent 接下來的
5. herbal 草藥的
6. opium 鴉片
7. spinning stool 旋轉凳
8. vogue 流行

227.
So we steadily adjusted our conclusions. We ended up convinced that the national prospect is more promising than we’d felt before we started—full of possibilities that the bleak trench warfare of national politics inevitably obscures.

參考譯文：
所以我們一直在調整結論。最後我們確信，與開始前的感覺相比，美國的前景更加光明——充滿著各種各樣的可能，雖然慘淡的政治塹壕戰不可避免地模糊了它們。

詞彙突破：

1. steadily 穩定地；一直地
2. adjust 調整
3. conclusion 總結
4. end up doing sth or end up in a particular state: 表示你雖然開始沒有意圖，但最終做了某事或達到了某種狀態
5. prospect 前景
6. promising 有希望的
7. bleak 慘淡的bleak 慘淡的
8. trench warfare 塹壕戰
9. inevitably 不可避免地
10. obscure 掩蓋；使……模糊不清

226.
We need to explore the experience of deep emotional connection, belonging, compensation for shame and humiliation, and purpose and mission in life – the sense of finally living a life of glory and strength and power – that provides the emotional nutrients that generate a breeding ground for young men eager and energized to prove their manhood.

參考譯文：
我們需要探尋一些經歷，它們能帶來深刻的情感聯結、歸屬感，補償羞恥感，給生活以使命和目標——也就是那種終於過上了充滿榮耀、力量和權勢的日子的感覺。這些情感養料能為急切想要證實男子氣概的的少年營造成長的基礎。

詞彙突破：

1. belonging 歸屬感
2. shame and humiliation 羞恥感
3. purpose and mission 目標和使命
4. glory 榮耀 The glory of kings (王者榮耀)
5. the emotional nutrients 情感的養分

225.
Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so called elite or blue ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

參考譯文：
雖然早在1880年的西方Strauder v. West Virginia案例中，美國的最高法院就已經阻止在選舉陪審團時存在有意識的種族歧視，選舉中所謂的精英陪審團的慣例卻提供了一條方便之路，繞開了這種或者另外的反種族歧視法。（也就是說種族歧視在陪審團制度中依然存在！）

224.
looming =potential （若隱若現） rural（鄉村的）
Lucrative（有錢，豐厚，利潤率高） dishonor（違背）
ditch （拋棄） precedent（前任，之前的）
Precedent testing 先驗測試
incentive （刺激因素） superstition（迷信）
dearth （缺乏） jury（陪審團）
skeptical （質疑） scrutiny（審查）
overstep （越界，侵害） lame（無效的）
lameness 無效性
contrast （找出不同點的對比） alleviate（減輕）
correlation （相關性） infancy（初始階段）

223.
Republican leaders abruptly pulled their overhaul of the nation’s health-care system from the House floor on Friday, a dramatic defeat for President Trump and House Speaker Paul D. Ryan that leaves a major campaign promise unfulfilled and casts doubt on the Republican Party’s ability to govern.

參考譯文：
共和黨領導人週五突然從眾議院撤回旨在改革全國醫保系統的法案。這對特朗普總統和眾議院議長保羅•瑞恩來說堪稱重挫，這個大選時作出的重要承諾未能兌現，令共和黨的執政能力受到質疑。

詞彙突破：

1. Abruptly 突然地；意外地
2. Overhaul 大修；改革
3. Dramatic 戲劇性的；重大的
4. Unfulfilled 未兌現的；未實現的
5. Cast doubt on 引起懷疑
6. Govern 治理；執政
7. campaign promise 競選承諾

222.
Dual-language programs are one of the few exemptions allowed under a 15-year-old law that requires schools to teach all subjects to non-native speakers in English, regardless of whether they can speak the language.
Yet a growing body of research has shown that English language learners in dual-language programs tend to achieve at higher rates than those in segregated programs, such as when students are taught only in their native language or just in English, as is the case in Massachusetts.

參考譯文：
雙語專案是一部有15年曆史的法律所允許的少數例外之一。這部法律要求學校教授非本土學生的所有科目都用英語，不管他們是否會說英語。
但越來越多的研究表明，參加雙語專案的學生的成績比那些隔離專案的學生要好。隔離專案的學生只學母語或只學英語，在馬薩諸塞州就是這種情況。

221.
But everybody knows Obama needs a liberal to stop the court from moving further to the right than it already has under John Roberts, the present chief justice, a man more stealth-bomber than aircraft-carrier, whose professions of judicial modesty during his own confirmation hearings in 2005 gave little inkling of the controversial decisions over which he has since presided.

參考譯文：
約翰.羅伯茨是現任的首席大法官，他在2005年自己的就職確認聽證會表達了中庸的法學思想，萬萬沒想到，從那以後，他做出了一系列有爭議的決定，（所以）約翰.羅伯茨是隱形轟炸機而不是航空母艦，在他的領導下最高法院已經右傾了，每個人都知道， 奧巴馬需要一個自由派的法官來阻止法庭進一步的右傾。

詞彙突破：

1. a liberal 自由派的（法官）（在不同的語境中可以是不同的自由派的人士）
2. the court 最高法院
3. moving further to the right 右傾
4. under somebody 在某人得領導下
5. stealth-bomber 隱形轟炸機
6. aircraft-carrier 航空母艦
7. profession 表達
8. judicial modesty 中庸的法學思想
9. confirmation hearings 就職確認聽證會
10. A give little inkling of B A，萬萬沒想到還有B；
11. controversial 爭議的
12. preside over 主持

220.
Tech nostalgia is an increasingly pronounced conceit, with the past swiftly turned into a commodity: obscure Nintendo 64 video games sell for big money, and dedicated YouTube channels allow fans to reminisce about 1990s hardware.

參考譯文：
科技懷舊是一種越來越顯著的傲嬌，過往迅速成為商品：名不見經傳的電動遊戲任天堂64售價極高，YouTube設有專門頻道讓粉絲追憶20世紀90年代的硬體。

詞彙突破：

1. nostalgia 懷舊
2. pronounced 顯著的
3. conceit 自負
4. swiftly 快速地
5. commodity 商品
6. obscure 朦朧的；晦澀的；無名的
7. reminisce 追憶
8. Nintendo 任天堂

219.
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.

參考譯文：
新的超級系統的支持者認為這些合併將會帶來（allow for）大幅的費用降低和更好的協調服務。他們認為任何由壟斷所帶來的威脅都被來自卡車的競爭給消除了。但是很多貨主卻抱怨道對於需要長途運輸的大宗商品，比如煤炭，化學品和糧食；有卡車運輸就太貴了。這樣一來鐵路就卡住了他們的脖子。（這裡是個比喻，表示這些貨主受制於鐵路行業）

217.
Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.

參考譯文：
那些出言謹慎的老人們曾經說：這個世界關鍵不是你想要什麼，而是你得到了什麼。心理學教導我們：如果你知道你想要什麼，而且想要的是恰當的事（並且合乎情理），那麼你就能得到你想要的。

216.
No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

參考譯文：
沒有一家公司樂意聽到別人說自己引起了社會的道德敗壞。參議員羅伯特.多爾上星期質問時代華納公司高階人員時說：難道這就是你們要成就的事業嗎？你們已經出賣了自己的靈魂，難道你們還非要腐化我們的國家，威脅我們的孩子嗎？不過，對於華納公司而言，這樣的質問僅僅體現了自1990年成立以來，其一直在做的自我反思。這種自我反省在不同時期涉及到責任、創作自由和公司底線等問題。

215.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

參考譯文：
今天不存在像Frederick所要求的那種（照顧）的嚴重缺失。但是有些孩子在說話方面依然落後。原因常常就是，嬰兒的大腦本來學語言很快，但母親對於嬰兒發出的訊號並不敏感。如果這些敏感期被忽略了，那麼獲得（語言）技能的理想時期就錯過了，這些（孩子）可能就再也不能容易地學習這些技能了。小鳥在恰當的時間能很快地學會唱歌和飛行，但是一旦這個關鍵時期錯過了這個過程就會變得非常緩慢。

214.
Wouldn’t it be great if your smartphone could call your hairdresser and book an appointment? This past May, Google demonstrated software, called Duplex, that can do just that. But consider what it might be like to be on the other end of that conversation—to get a call from a computer sounding like a real human? That’s how good the next wave of AI is going to be, and it’s not just creepy; it’s dangerous. With software like Google’s Duplex, bad actors could use bots to impersonate not only people but people you know, such as a friend or family member.

參考譯文：
如果你的智慧手機能電話預約髮型師，豈不是很棒？今年5月谷歌展示的Duplex軟體可以做到這一點。但想想身處電話另一端的感覺會是怎樣——接到一個計算機來電，但聽起來像個真人？這就是下一次人工智慧浪潮的“好處”，不只是令人毛骨悚然，還很危險。谷歌Duplex這樣的軟體讓壞人不僅能用“機器人程式”扮人，還能扮你認識的人，比如說朋友或家人。

詞彙突破：

1. hairdresser 髮型師
2. book appointment 預約；定位
3. demonstrate 展示
4. creepy 令人毛骨悚然的
5. impersonate 扮演；模仿；擬人化

213.
Men have a long history of fighting with one another for dominance, but why such duels did not leave tribal unity in tatters and warriors less capable of working together to fend off attacks from predators and hostile clans remains a mystery. One common theory is that men more readily make up after fierce physical conflicts than do women. And an experiment run recently at Harvard University, by Joyce Benenson and Richard Wrangham, and published in Current Biology, suggests this may be true.

參考譯文：
人們為爭奪支配地位而相互爭鬥已經有很長的歷史了，但是為什麼這樣的決鬥並沒有讓部落的團結支離破碎，戰士們在一起對抗捕食者和敵對氏族的攻擊的能力更弱，這仍然是一個謎。一個普遍的理論是，男人比女人更容易在激烈的身體衝突後和好。最近在哈佛大學進行的一項實驗，由Joyce Benenson和Richard Wrangham發表在《當代生物學》上，表明這可能是真的。

詞彙突破：

1. dominance 統治力
2. duels 決鬥
3. tribal unity 部落團結
4. in tatters 衣衫襤褸（比喻為毀掉）
5. warrior 勇士
6. fend off 擊退
7. predator 捕食者
8. hostile clans 敵對氏族
9. fierce physical conflicts 激烈的身體衝突
10. make up 和解，彌補
11. reconcile 和解

211.
A ray of light normally travels in a straight line through empty space, but if the ray passes close by a massive object, the curve in space created by the star acts like a bend in the road, causing the light ray to veer away from its formerly straight path.

參考譯文：
光通常在真空中直線傳播，但如果近距離經過一個質量極大的物體，恆星造成的空間曲面會像路中出現的彎道一樣，讓光偏離原來的直線路徑。

詞彙突破：

1. Ray 光線
2. Massive 巨大的
3. Curve 曲線，曲面
4. Bend 彎曲
5. Veer away 偏離
6. Path 路徑

209.
Deliberate practice entails (needs) more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

參考譯文：
DP練習需要的不只是簡單的重複一項任務。DP練習進一步的講需要設定具體的目標，獲得立即的反饋以及既要關注方法又要關注結果。

208.
The modern society cannot function properly without trust, a faith that other people or organizations will act fairly and honor their promise. With trust, individuals can make decisions on future plan in expectation of other people’s deliverance, avoiding the upsetting of risks.
For the economy as a whole, the force of trust best shows itself in the form of credit. When there is widespread trust in the market, we see dropping transaction costs and increasing business volume, because companies can get the necessary financial support for expansion at low interest rate from the public.

參考譯文：
現代社會不能在缺少信任的狀態下正常運轉。信任是一種理念，相信他人或機構會公平地行動並遵守諾言。有了信任，個人能夠基於別人的行動來制定計劃，做出決定，無需因風險而不安。
就整體經濟而言，信任的力量最能體現在信用上。當市場充溢著信任時，我們會看到交易費用下降和經濟體量上升，因為企業能以低利率向公眾籌資，獲得經濟上的支援進而進行擴張。

詞彙突破：

1. act fairly 公平行動
2. honor their promise 遵守諾言
3. deliverance 行為，行動
4. In expectation of 期待，基於
5. shows oneself 表現自己
6. dropping transaction costs 交易費用下降
7. increasing business volume 經濟體量上升

207.
In his first extensive interview since his appointment, Hackett talked about his view of the technology and design necessary for the public to embrace self-driving cars, his passion for understanding how technology shapes the way people live and work and how he hopes to change Ford’s corporate culture.

參考譯文：
哈克特在被任命後的首次全面訪談中提及，他對讓公眾接受自動駕駛汽車所必要的技術和設計的看法，他對理解技術如何塑造人們生活和工作方式的熱情，以及他希望如何改變福特的企業文化。

詞彙突破：

1. Extensive 廣闊的；全面的
2. Appointment 任職
3. Embrace 擁抱；信奉
4. Passion 熱情
5. Corporate culture 企業文化

206.
Wilson and colleagues hope to prove their test, which will be more widely available this summer for about $2,400, can be an efficient and reliable solution for the sorts of medical mysteries that befuddle doctors, aggravate patients and can run up huge medical bills.

參考譯文：
威爾遜和同事希望能證明他們的檢測對於疑症是一種有效且可靠的解決方案。此類疑症令醫生為難，令病人惱怒，也令賬單上漲。檢測將以2400美元的價格在今年夏天廣泛普及。

詞彙突破：

1. Available 可獲得的
2. Efficient 有效的
3. Reliable 可靠的
4. Mystery 祕密
5. Befuddle 使困惑
6. Aggravate 使惡化；激怒

205.
The strike, like most #MeToo-era advocacy, reveals that those who’ve dealt with workplace misbehavior don’t desire vengeance so much as an acknowledgement of the harm that’s been wrought.

參考譯文：
這次罷工和#MeToo時代大多數倡議一樣，表明那些受到職場不端傷害的人們渴望的與其說是復仇，不如說是承認已造成傷害。

詞彙突破：

1. advocacy 倡議
2. misbehavior 行為不端
3. vengeance 報復
4. acknowledgement 認可，承認
5. wrought （wreak的過去分詞）造成巨大的破壞或傷害
6. Not A so much as B : 否定A，肯定B
7. Rather than: 而不是

204.
Technology giants in the United States offer some of the country’s most generous employee benefits, but the workers who mow the lawns or serve lunch in the company cafeteria — jobs that are often staffed by outside firms — tend to get far smaller packages. Microsoft announced a new policy Thursday that it hopes will shrink that gap, pledging it will ink contracts only with service providers who give their employees 12 weeks of paid family leave. Analysts say it’s a first for large American firms, which often outsource culinary, housekeeping and receptionist work to contractors that may not supply paid leave. The announcement comes as Washington state, where the company is based, prepares to introduce paid family leave for workers, the fifth state to do so.

參考譯文：
技術巨頭們提供的一些員工福利是全美最慷慨的, 但那些在企業食堂備餐或修剪草坪的工人往往得到的福利小得多，這些工作通常是由外包公司來配備人員。微軟星期四宣佈了一項新政策, 希望能縮小這一差距；微軟承諾將只與為員工提供12周帶薪生育假的服務供應商簽約。分析人士說, 美國大企業中這是首例, 它們通常將烹飪、家政和前臺的工作外包給可能不提供帶薪假的服務商。這項政策釋出時，微軟總部所在的華盛頓州正準備引入針對職工的帶薪生育假, 成為第5個這麼做的州。

詞彙突破：

1. mow the lawns 修剪草坪
2. compel 促使
3. paid family leave 帶薪的生育假

203.
Yet the threats to freedom of immigration movement are more likely to come from the countries that benefit from it. The row over posted workers shows how mobility rights can run up against the EU’s impulse to “protect” citizens in rich countries from globalization’s ravages. Economic and technological changes are making working lives more precarious; in time, more governments may choose to pin the blame on free movement. One former senior EU official involved in previous rounds of accession talks says that an “emergency brake” rule allowing governments to halt labour inflows is inevitable.

參考譯文：
但對移居自由的威脅更可能來自受益國。關於派遣勞工的爭議表明，遷徙自由與歐盟保護富裕國家居民免受全球化之害的衝動相左。經濟和技術變革正令工作生活更加危險。最終會有更多政府選擇讓遷徙自由背鍋。一位參與前幾輪入盟談判的前高階歐盟官員說，建立允許各國政府叫停勞工遷入“緊急剎車”規則勢在必行。

詞彙突破：

1. Immigration 移民，遷移
2. Row 爭吵
3. Posted worker 派遣工人
4. Mobility 移動
5. Impulse 衝動
6. Ravages 摧殘，損害
7. Accession 登記入冊，加入
8. Inevitable 不可避免的

202.
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.

參考譯文：
毫無疑問， Jennifer Senior發表的一篇有見地的而且是有爭議性的雜誌封面文章：“我愛我的孩子，我恨我的生活”一定會引起人們的熱烈討論：“養孩子絕不是一種能令人滿足和豐富人生的體驗。”這樣的說法是最能引起人們談興的。

詞彙突破：

1. provocative 有爭議性的，煽動性的
2. chatter 討論，嘮叨
   the chattering classes 喋喋階級(貶)喋喋階級（受過教育 的人士，尤指學術界、藝術界或媒體人士，習慣於發表有關社會和文化的自由主義見解）
3. life-enriching 豐富人生的
4. fulfilling 滿足的
5. anything less than 絕不是
   He is anything less than a good man.
   他絕不是一個好人。
6. more often than not= often

201.
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

參考譯文：
去過美國的人回去後經常說，大多數美國人樂於助人，很好客，對他們也很友善。公正的說，人們對加拿大人也有這樣的評論，因而，應當認為這是北美普遍的現象。當然也有例外。在美國，心胸狹隘的官員，舉止粗魯的招待和毫無禮貌的計程車司機也並非罕見。但因為人們常常得出（美國人好客的）觀察意見，以至於這一觀察也就值得議論一番了。

詞彙突破：

1. courteous 文明
2. ill-mannered 行為粗魯的
3. small-minded 思維狹隘的
4. deserve 配的上，值得，活該

200.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

參考譯文：
在這個多變而又複雜的世界裡，對資訊的要求最為重要。那些擁有準確、可信、最新資訊並用來解決日常問題、工作中的重要問題以及社會和家庭問題的人就能生存下去並取得成功。“知識就是力量”是再正確不過了，獲取資訊也許是所有人最迫切的要求。

199.
In America the science of biotic control has its obscure beginnings a century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success.

參考譯文：
生物控制學一個世紀前在美國就已經隱約出現了。（ 當時，） 一些昆蟲給農民帶來了麻煩，（有人）首次試圖引入這些昆蟲的天敵， 該項工作有時進展緩慢甚至停滯不前，但有時在一項突出的成就的促使下，它又加速發展，突飛猛進。

詞彙突破：

1. the science of biotic control 生物控制學
2. obscure 隱隱約約的
3. now and again 有時（這個短語很重要哦！）
4. momentum 力量
5. impetus 刺激
6. prominent 傑出的
7. propel 促進

198.
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

參考譯文：
從共有特徵中濾出獨有特徵，這使我們得以理解複雜的文化行為是如何產生的，並從進化論或認知角度理解是什麼引導了它的走向。

詞彙突破：

1. filter out…from…從…中過濾出…
2. arose 出現
3. in…terms 就…角度而言
4. evolutionary or cognitive 進化和認知

197.
But the newspaper industry never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

參考譯文：
但報紙行業似乎從未注意到許多以前的買家所抱怨的文化和階級偏見。如果報業注意到了文化和階級的歧視，它就會開放其多元化計劃（現在這個專案僅僅關注了狹隘的種族和性別）並尋找那些在觀點、價值觀、教育背景和階級方面差異很大的記者。
（說明報業沒有意識到文化和階級的歧視，也就是報業沒有意識到自己的真正問題。）

詞彙突破：

1. race and gender 種族和性別
2. get around to noticing 注意到
3. annoying 令人討厭的
4. likeliness 可能性=likelihood=possibility
5. owing to 因為
6. prejudice 歧視=bias
7. in matters of 就什麼而言
8. narrowly 僅僅，只是

196.
This is a case where the collective interest of the nation’s health overrides the rights of individual companies to sell whatever they want to whomever they want. Manufacturers of processed foods increasingly resemble the tobacco lobby–reluctant to admit that their product is poisonous, insistent that consumer choice is paramount. The analogy is strengthened by neurological research suggesting the extreme compulsion to keep eating sugary, fatty, salty food amounts to a kind of addiction.

參考譯文：
這個情況就體現了，國家的整體健康利益超越公司向任何願意購買的人出售任何他們想生產的產品的權利。加工食品製造商越來越類像菸草遊說勢力——不願意承認他們的產品有毒，堅持消費者選擇至關重要。這個類比為神經學的研究所加強，因為研究顯示持續吃高鹽高糖高脂食物的衝動相當於一種成癮症。

詞彙突破：

1. This is a case where…這個情況體現了…
2. override 比…更重要；凌駕
   Considerations of safety override all other concerns. 對安全的考慮高於一切。

195.
Imitation can get a bad reputation, but researchers say our species’ drive to imitate so readily is a significant mechanism through which we learn social norms, integrate into society, and build social connection. And, they say, this level of imitation might be what sets us apart from other species and may have set us on the path to building an advanced society.

參考譯文：
模仿也許名聲不好，但研究者說人類極其樂於模仿的衝動是一種重要機制，通過這種機制我們學習社會規範、融入群體和建立聯絡。他們認為，這種模仿水平也許是將人類與其他物種區別開來的原因，它也讓我們走上了建立先進社會的道路。

詞彙突破：

1. Imitation 模仿
2. Reputation 名聲
3. Mechanism 機制
4. Integrate 融入

194.
It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.

參考譯文：
外面的世界很殘酷。一出門，你可能在門墊上滑倒，摔斷了腿。一給爐子生火，你可能會把房子給燒了。幸運的是，如果門墊或者火爐沒有警告即將到來的災難，一場成功的訴訟可能會對你的麻煩做出賠償。從1980年代以來人們的想法就是這樣的了！那時候陪審團開始認為(holding)更多的公司應該為他們消費者的不幸負責（liable for）。

193.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to information — and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive — advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

參考譯文：
還有一點我覺得我應該談一下。最近我聽到一位著名電視人宣稱他反對廣告，因為廣告意在勸誘而非提供資訊。他把兩者區分得過於細微。廣告當然會不可避免地要勸說消費者。如果廣告的內容僅僅限於提供資訊（雖說這不是不可能做到的，但它本身也是很難做的，因為哪怕是挑襯衫顏色這樣的細節也帶有幾分勸誘性），那會令人生厭，以致沒人再去理會。但也許這就是那位著名電視人所希望看到的。

詞彙突破：

1. persuade 誘導，說服
2. inform 提供資訊
3. distinction 區分
4. subtly 微妙的

192.
The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.

參考譯文：
20世紀，在家庭外被僱傭的女性人數增加了，這與其說是由於家務活的機器化和閒暇時間的增加，還不如說是由於女性自身的經濟需求和由於高結婚率。正是高結婚率減少了單身女工勞動力資源的數量，而在這之前很多情況下，她們是僱主們會僱傭的唯一女性。

詞彙突破：

1. have less / more to do with… 與…有關(表示原因)
2. Economic necessity 經濟需求
3. pool of single women workers 單身女工的資源
4. high marriage rates 高結婚率

191.
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.

參考譯文：
今天，人們非常關注所謂的數字鴻溝——把世界劃分為資訊（資訊）豐富和資訊貧乏。而這種鴻溝今天確實存在。二十年前，我和妻子就曾就這一迫在眉睫的危險發表過演講。然而，那個時候對抗數字鴻溝的新的積極力量也不明顯。我們有理由感到樂觀。

詞彙突破：

1. looming danger 若隱若現的危險
2. work against 對抗= guard against對抗
3. digital divide 數字鴻溝
4. less visible 不明顯

190.
Although Evans says he’s leaving simply because he’s run out of professional mountains to climb, cynics may wonder if the mountain of cash on offer at Virgin might have something to do with it.

參考譯文：
雖然埃文斯說, 他離開只是因為職業上已經“無高可攀”但是懷疑者們可能會懷疑，（他的離職）或許和維京報出的“高”價關係不小。

詞彙突破：

1. professional 職業的
2. cynics 憤世嫉俗者
3. on offer 報價；在售中
4. Virgin這裡指挖Evans的維京音樂電臺

189.
The devices used by the laboratories, known as DNAsequencers, have greatly accelerated biomedical research and discovery,allowing scientists to pinpoint mutations and devise treatments tailored to the genetic characteristics of individual patients. Such tests and treatments,developed in research laboratories, are quickly moving into the practice of medicine.

參考譯文：
在實驗室中，承擔這類工作的裝置稱為DNA測序儀，有了它，科學家們就可以精確地定位突變，並針對患者個體的遺傳特徵量身打造個性化治療，極大地促進了生物醫學研究和發現。這類測試和治療方法雖誕生於研究性實驗室，但很快就進入了醫療實踐領域。

詞彙突破：

1. DNA sequencers DNA測序儀
2. pinpoint mutations 定位突變
3. tailor 調整，針對

188.
Blame for the demise of pubs tends to focus on the 2007 smoking ban, impossible business rates and beer duty, the ocean of cheap alcohol sold by the big supermarkets, and younger people’s dwindling interest in alcoholic drink and its associated rituals.

參考譯文：
人們傾向將酒吧的消亡（消亡）歸咎於2007年的禁菸令、無法承受的營業稅和啤酒稅、大型超市海洋般的廉價酒水，以及年輕人對酒精飲料的興趣正在減弱，同時年輕人對與酒相關的儀式感的興趣也正在減弱。

詞彙突破：

1. demise死亡，衰敗
2. beer duty啤酒稅
3. dwindle減少
4. associated相關聯的
5. ritual儀式

187.
One reason for the complexity is that airlines were early adopters of computerized systems. They built their first electronic reservation systems in the early 1950s; Delta’s current system once belonged to a defunct airline that went bust in 1982. But as airlines merged and more new functions were added—from crew scheduling to passenger check-in and bag tracing— they have come to resemble technological hairballs in which one small problem quickly spirals into bigger ones that even experts struggle to disentangle.

參考譯文：
複雜性的一個原因在於航空公司是電腦系統早期的使用者。他們在20世紀50年代初建造了自己第一個電子預訂系統；達美航空的當前系統曾經屬於一家1982年破產的航空公司。但隨著航空公司合併和更多功能的新增——從乘務排程到乘客簽入到行李跟蹤——這些系統開始變得像技術毛團，一個小問題快速發展成即使專家也很難理清的大問題。

186.
This chasm disproportionately dictates outcomes. While some mobility remains within the middle rungs, the top and bottom 10 percent are the most likely to end up where they’re born.
In America, elite education is the gateway to elite professions. Well over half of Ivy League graduates enter the preserves of the highly educated: finance, management consulting, medicine or law.

參考譯文：
這種裂痕不成比例地左右著結果。雖然有些流動性仍停留在中間階層，但最上層和最底層的10%最有可能留在他們出生的階層。（以留在他們出生的階層為結束。）
在美國，精英教育是通向精英職業的大門。超過半數的常春藤盟校畢業生進入了那些專屬於受過高等教育人的職業領域比如，金融、管理諮詢、醫學或法律。

詞彙突破：

1. chasm 裂痕
2. dictate 支配，左右
3. disproportionately 不成比例地（這就是一個貶義詞，通常表示不好的結果）
4. the middle rungs 中間階層
5. Management consulting 管理諮詢行業
6. the preserves專屬的
7. end up 以…為結束

185.
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels — funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions — which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.

184.
Some crowdfunding campaigns have been astoundingly successful: they’ve raised millions of dollars to fund basic research and clinical trials that have likely saved children’s lives. Donations can, however, only carry a therapy so far before a pharmaceutical company must grab the baton—an outcome that’s not guaranteed. And such therapies may not be able to turn back the clock on damage that’s already done, making cinematic happy endings to these stories unlikely. Still, participation in trials gives families some hope of a longer and healthier future for their children.

參考譯文：
一些眾籌活動令人驚奇的成功：它們籌集了數以百萬計美元資助基礎研究和貌似拯救了孩童生命的臨床研究。然而捐助只能把一種療法帶這麼遠，藥企必須抓住接力棒——（即使這樣做，）結果也不一定就有保障。此類療法也許不能撥回時鐘，消除已經遭受的損害，不太可能讓這些故事有戲劇性的美麗結局。但參加這些試驗仍給予了家庭希望，讓他們的孩子可能有更長更健康的未來。

詞彙突破：

1. crowdfunding 眾籌
2. astoundingly 令人驚訝地
3. clinical trials 臨床試驗
4. therapy 治療方案
5. cinematic happy endings 戲劇性的美麗結局
6. Still 然而（這個詞是關鍵）
7. pharmaceutical company 製藥公司
8. guaranteed 保障
9. grab the baton 接過接力棒

183.
Royal Bank of Scotland’s gambit to sidestep having to sell its Williams & Glyn business is under threat as smaller lenders mount a challenge, arguing that it does not go far enough to address competition concerns.

參考譯文：
蘇格蘭皇家銀行為避免（不得不）出售威廉姆斯和格林業務而提出的妙計正受到威脅，一些小銀行提出異議，認為該計劃在處理競爭問題上走得不夠遠。

詞彙突破：

1. Gambit 策略
2. Sidestep 避免
3. Under threat 愛到威脅
4. Mount 發起；提出
5. Concerns 問題

182.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.

參考譯文：
我已經發現，放棄那種"為生活忙碌"的人生信條並轉而追求比較悠閒的生活所帶給你的回報遠遠大於經濟的成功和社會地位。或許凱爾西因不堪積勞重負而公開地辭去她在《女友》雜誌社的編輯一職之後也會有這樣的發現。沒有任何事情可以說服我回到那種Kelsey曾經推崇而我也曾經享受的生活方式：每天工作12小時，緊迫的最後期限，恐怖壓抑的辦公室政治以及很難在“黃金時期”做父母。

詞彙突破：

1. much-publicized：公開的，引人注目的
2. Resignation：辭職
3. Build-up: 集結的，巨大的(寫作詞彙)
4. Doctrine：信條
5. Downshifting：降檔，這裡根據語境應靈活翻譯為悠閒，閒適。

181.
Remember the last time you were scrolling through an email and saw phrases like “Reattached for your convenience”, “sorry for the double email” or “please advise”? You’re not alone if you felt enraged by reading them. In fact, the nine most loathed phrases in emails all had one thing in common: passive aggression.

參考譯文：
還記得上次你瀏覽電郵看到“在此重新附上供你參考”，“抱歉郵件重複”或“請告知”之類語句的時候麼？如果這些話讓你感到憤怒，你不是獨自一人。事實上，電郵中最令人厭惡的9句話有一個共同點：消極攻擊。

詞彙突破：

1. scroll through 滾動
2. for your convenience 為您方便起見
3. enrage 激怒
4. loathe 厭惡
5. aggression 攻擊；侵略

180.
Managers don’t need an academic study to recognize that launches take a toll on many parts of a company, from design and development to manufacturing and marketing. Firms that launch many new products incur high costs, which may hurt stock returns.

參考譯文：
管理人員不需要學術研究就知道，產品釋出會在公司的許多部門造成消極影響，從設計開發、製造到市場營銷，不一而足。公司推出許多新產品會帶來高昂的成本，可能會損害股票收益。

詞彙突破：

1. launch 新品釋出
2. incur 導致（這個詞你必須知道哈！）
3. hurt stock returns 損害股票收益