SpringMVC的web專案的一個簡單的例子

平時自己很少完整的搭建一個Java的Web程式，突然搭建一個web程式會不知所措，在這裡就記錄下自己搭建的一個簡單的例子。專案環境：eclipse,tomcat,maven,springmvc。

首先，新建一個maven專案springdemo,
1.專案springmvc的相關jar包

pom檔案如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation
 
="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.xwh</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdemo</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId
 
>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <webResources>
                        <resource>
                            <directory>WebContent</directory>
                        </resource>
                    </webResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.配置spring上下文，這裡採用註解方式，在實際專案中也是使用的較多的，所以配置檔案箱單簡潔：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd ">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xwh.*"></context:component-scan>
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

1. 配置web.xml 檔案，配置該檔案主要是讓servlet容器載入spring的上下文和配置spring的dispatchServlet。檔案也很簡單：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:web_1="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    version="3.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-context.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

到這裡所有的配置基本完成，接下來是編寫控制器了，
4.編寫控制器：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class HomeController {
    @RequestMapping("home")
    public @ResponseBody String homePage(){
        return "This  is home page";
    }
    public String indexPage(){
        return "login";
    }

}

到這裡，簡單的web程式就算搭建好了，啟動tomcat,在瀏覽器中訪問http://localhost:8080/springdemo/home 可以看到返回了This is home page的頁面。

這裡搭建一個簡單的web應用，需要的配置還是比較多，需要配置spring的上下文和web.xml的servlet容器的配置，當然這些配置完全可以用註解的形式來完成，我個人比較喜歡用xml來配置。