OpenGL原始碼之五繪製3D圖形

阿新 • • 發佈：2019-01-18

#include <Windows.h> //Windows的標頭檔案
#include <gl/glut.h> //包含OpenGL實用庫

HGLRC hRC=NULL; //視窗著色描述表控制代碼
HDC hDC=NULL;//OpenGL渲染描述表控制代碼
HWND hWnd=NULL; //儲存視窗控制代碼
HINSTANCE hInstance; //儲存程式例項

bool keys[256];//儲存鍵盤按鍵的陣列
bool active=TRUE;//視窗的活動標誌，預設為TRUE
bool fullscreen=TRUE; //全屏標誌預設，預設設定成全屏模式

GLfloat rtri;//用於三角形的角度
GLfloat rquad;//用於四邊形的角度

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);//WndProc的定義

//重置OpenGL視窗大小
GLvoid ResizeGLScene(GLsizei width,GLsizei height)
{
if (height == 0) //防止被零除
{
height =1;//將height設為1
}

glViewport(0,0,width,height);//重置當前的視口
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);//旋轉投影矩陣
glLoadIdentity();//重置投影矩陣

//設定視口的大小
gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);//選擇模型觀察矩陣
glLoadIdentity();//重置模型觀察矩陣
}

int InitGL(GLvoid)//對OpenGL進行設定
{
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);//啟用陰影平滑
glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//黑色背景
glClearDepth(1.0f);//設定深度快取
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//啟用深度測試
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);//所作深度測試的型別
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);//告訴系統對透視進行修正

return TRUE;
}

//進行繪製
int DrawGLScene(GLvoid)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);//清除螢幕和深度快取
glLoadIdentity();//重置當前的模型觀察矩陣
glTranslatef(-1.5f,0.0f,-6.0f);//左移1.5單位，並移入螢幕6.0

glRotatef(rtri,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//繞Y軸旋轉金字塔
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); //繪製金字塔各面

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為紅色
glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//上頂點(前側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為綠色
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//左下(前側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//設定當前色為藍色
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//右下(前側面)

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為紅色
glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//上頂點(右側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為綠色
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//左下(右側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//設定當前色為藍色
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//右下(右側面)

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為紅色
glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//上頂點(後側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為綠色
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//左下(後側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//設定當前色為藍色
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//右下(後側面)

glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為紅色
glVertex3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//上頂點(左側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//設定當前色為綠色
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//左下(左側面)
glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);//設定當前色為藍色
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//右下(左側面)

glEnd();//三角形繪製結束

glLoadIdentity();//重置模型觀察矩陣
glTranslatef(1.5f,0.0f,-7.0f);//先右移再移入螢幕
glRotatef(rquad,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//繞XYZ軸旋轉立方體

glBegin(GL_QUADS); //繪製正方形
glColor3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);//將當前色設定為綠色
//頂面
glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);//右上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);//左上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//左下
glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//右下

//橙色
glColor3f(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f);
//底面
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//右上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//左上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//左下
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//右下

//紅色
glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
//前面
glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//右上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//左上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//左下
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//右下

//黃色
glColor3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
//後面
glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);//右上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);//左上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//左下
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//右下

//藍色
glColor3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
//左面
glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//右上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);//左上
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//左下
glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//右下

//紫羅蘭色
glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
//右面
glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//右上
glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,-1.0f);//左上
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f);//左下
glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,1.0f);//右下

glEnd();

//<控制旋轉速度>
rtri +=0.02f; //增加三角形的旋轉變數
rquad -=0.015f; //減少四邊形的旋轉變數

return TRUE;
}

GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid)//正常銷燬視窗
{
if(fullscreen)//是否處於全屏模式
{
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0); //是的話，切換回桌面
ShowCursor(TRUE);//顯示滑鼠指標
}

if(hRC)//是否擁有OpenGL渲染描述表
{
if(!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL)) //能否是否DC和RC描述表
{
MessageBox(NULL,"釋放DC或RC失敗。","關閉錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION );
}

if(!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) //能否刪除RC
{
MessageBox(NULL,"釋放RC失敗。","關閉錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION );
}

hRC = NULL;
}

if(hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC)) //能否釋放DC
{
MessageBox(NULL,"釋放DC失敗。","關閉錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION );
hDC = NULL;
}

if(hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd)) //能否銷燬視窗
{
MessageBox(NULL,"釋放視窗控制代碼失敗。","關閉錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION );
hWnd = NULL;
}

if(!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance)) //能否登出視窗類
{
MessageBox(NULL,"不能登出視窗類。","關閉錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION );
hInstance = NULL;
}
}

BOOL CreateGLWindow(char * title,int width,int height,int bits,bool fullscreenflag)
{
GLuint PixelFormat;//儲存查詢匹配的結果
WNDCLASS wc;//視窗類結構
DWORD dwExStyle; //擴充套件視窗風格
DWORD dwStyle;//視窗風格
RECT WindowRect;//取得矩形的左上角和右下角的座標值
WindowRect.left=(long)0;//將Left設為0
WindowRect.right=(long)width;//將Right設為要求的寬度
WindowRect.top=(long)0;
WindowRect.bottom=(long)height;

fullscreen = fullscreenflag;//設定全域性全屏標誌

hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);//取得視窗的例項
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;//移動時重畫，併為視窗取得DC
wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;//WndProc處理訊息
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;//無額外視窗資料Specifies the number of extra bytes to allocate following the window-class structure.
wc.cbWndExtra = 0; //無額外視窗資料Specifies the number of extra bytes to allocate following the window instance.
wc.hInstance = hInstance;//設定例項
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_WINLOGO);//裝入預設圖示
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);//裝入滑鼠指標
wc.hbrBackground = NULL; //GL不需要背景
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL ; //不需要選單
wc.lpszClassName = "OpenGL"; //設定類名字

if(!RegisterClass(&wc)) //嘗試註冊視窗類
{
MessageBox(NULL,"註冊視窗失敗","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

if(fullscreen)
{
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; //裝置模式
memset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings));//確保記憶體清空為零
dmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings);//Devmode結構的大小
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width;//所選螢幕寬度
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height;//所選螢幕高度
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits; //每畫素所選的色彩濃度
dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;

//嘗試設定顯示模式並返回結果。注：CDS_FULLSCREEN移去了狀態條。
if(ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL)
{
//若模式失敗，提供兩個選項：退出或在視窗內執行。
if(MessageBox(NULL,"全屏模式在當前顯示卡上設定失敗!\n使用視窗模式?",
"提示",MB_YESNO | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) == IDYES)
{
fullscreen = FALSE;//選擇視窗模式
}
else
{
//彈出一個對話方塊，告訴使用者程式結束
MessageBox(NULL,"程式將被關閉","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
return FALSE;
}
}
}

if(fullscreen)
{
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW; //擴充套件窗體風格
dwStyle = WS_POPUP; //窗體風格
ShowCursor(FALSE); //隱藏滑鼠指標
}
else
{
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE;//擴充套件窗體風格
dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; //窗體風格
}

AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect,dwStyle,FALSE,dwExStyle);//調整視窗達到真正要求的大小

//窗體自適應各種解析度以居中方式顯示
LONG nX, nY;

nX = (::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) - width) / 2;
nY = (::GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) - height) / 2;

if(!(hWnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle, //擴充套件窗體風格
"OpenGL", //類名字
title, //視窗標題
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN| //必須的窗體風格屬性
dwStyle, //選擇的窗體屬性
nX,nY, //視窗位置
WindowRect.right - WindowRect.left, //計算調整好的視窗寬度
WindowRect.bottom - WindowRect.top, //計算調整好的窗體高度
NULL, //無父視窗
NULL, //無選單
hInstance, //例項
NULL))) //不向WM_CREATE傳遞任何東西
{
KillGLWindow();//重置顯示區
MessageBox(NULL,"不能建立一個視窗裝置描述表","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = //pdf告訴視窗希望的東西，即視窗使用的畫素格式
{
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), //上述格式描述符的大小
1, //版本號
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | //格式支援視窗
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | //格式支援OpenGL
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, //支援雙緩衝
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, //申請RGBA格式
bits, //選定色彩深度
0,0,0,0,0,0, //忽略的色彩位
0, //無Alpha快取
0, //忽略Shift Bit
0, //無累加快取
0,0,0,0, //忽略聚集位
16, //16位Z-快取(深度快取)
0, //無蒙板快取
0, //無輔助快取
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, //主繪圖層
0, //Reserved
0,0,0 //忽略層遮罩
};

if(!(hDC = GetDC(hWnd))) //是否取得裝置描述表
{
KillGLWindow();//重置顯示區
MessageBox(NULL,"不能建立一種相匹配的畫素格式","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

if(!(PixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd))) //Windows是否找到相應的畫素格式
{
KillGLWindow();//重置顯示區
MessageBox(NULL,"不能設定畫素格式","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd)) //是否能夠設定畫素格式
{
KillGLWindow();//重置顯示區
MessageBox(NULL,"不能設定畫素格式","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

if (!(hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC))) //能否取得著色描述表
{
KillGLWindow();//重置顯示區
MessageBox(NULL,"不能建立OpenGL渲染描述表","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC)) //嘗試啟用著色描述表
{
KillGLWindow();
MessageBox(NULL,"不能啟用當前的OpenGL渲染描述表","錯誤",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);//顯示視窗
SetForegroundWindow(hWnd);//提供優先級別
SetFocus(hWnd);//設定鍵盤的焦點至此視窗
ResizeGLScene(width,height);//設定透視GL螢幕

if (!InitGL()) //初始化新建的GL視窗
{
KillGLWindow();
MessageBox(NULL,"Initialization","ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}

return TRUE;
}

//處理所有的視窗訊息
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,//視窗的控制代碼
UINT uMsg,//視窗的訊息
WPARAM wParam,//附加的訊息內容
LPARAM lParam) //附加的訊息內容
{
switch(uMsg) //檢查檢查Windows訊息
{
case WM_ACTIVATE: //監視視窗啟用訊息
{
if(!HIWORD(wParam)) //檢查最小化狀態
{
active = TRUE; //程式處於啟用狀態
}
else
{
active = FALSE;//程式不再啟用
}

return 0;//返回訊息迴圈
}

case WM_SYSCOMMAND: //系統中斷命令
{
switch(wParam) //檢查系統呼叫
{
case SC_SCREENSAVE: //屏保執行
case SC_MONITORPOWER: //顯示器進入節電模式
return 0; //阻止發生
}
break; //退出
}
case WM_CLOSE: //收到Close訊息
{
PostQuitMessage(0);//發出退出訊息
return 0;
}
case WM_KEYDOWN: //有鍵按下
{
keys[wParam] = TRUE;
return 0;
}
case WM_KEYUP: //有鍵放開
{
keys[wParam] = FALSE;
return 0;
}
case WM_SIZE: //調整OpenGL視窗大小
{
ResizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam));//LOWORD=width,HIWORD=height
return 0;
}
}

//向DefWindowProc傳遞所有未處理的訊息
return DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);
}

//Windows程式的入口，呼叫視窗建立例程，處理視窗訊息，並監視人機互動。
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,//當前視窗例項
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, //前一個視窗例項
LPSTR lpCmdLine, //命令列引數
int nCmdShow) //視窗顯示狀態
{
MSG msg;//Windows訊息結構
BOOL done=FALSE;//用來退出迴圈的BOOL變數
//提示使用者選擇執行模式
if (MessageBox(NULL,"你想在全屏模式下執行麼？","設定全屏模式",MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION) == IDNO)
{
fullscreen = FALSE; //設定為視窗模式
}

//建立OpenGL視窗
if(!CreateGLWindow("OpenGL程式框架",640,480,16,fullscreen))
{
return 0; //失敗退出
}

while(!done)
{
if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) //是否有訊息在等待
{
if(msg.message == WM_QUIT) //收到退出訊息
{
done = TRUE;
}
else //處理視窗訊息
{
TranslateMessage(&msg); //翻譯訊息
DispatchMessage(&msg); //傳送訊息
}
}
else //如果沒有訊息
{
//繪製場景。監視ESC鍵和來自DrawGLScene()的退出訊息
if(active)
{
if(keys[VK_ESCAPE])
{
done = TRUE;
}
else //沒有退出，重新整理螢幕
{
DrawGLScene();//繪製場景
SwapBuffers(hDC);//交換快取(雙快取)
}
}
if(keys[VK_F1])
{
keys[VK_F1]=FALSE;
KillGLWindow();
fullscreen = !fullscreen;//切換全屏/視窗模式
//重建OpenGL視窗
if(!CreateGLWindow("3D旋轉例項",640,480,16,fullscreen))
{
return 0;
}
}
}
}

//關閉程式
KillGLWindow(); //銷燬視窗
return (msg.wParam); //退出程式

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