大數A+B問題
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-25
原理
大數運算的原理其實就是模擬人工計算(註記:再考慮是否有其他演算法。註記日期:2017.3.19),人工加法計算步驟如下:
1.將兩個運算元(operand)位數對齊。
2.從最低位開始,計算兩個運算元每位的總和再加上進位數(第一位數為0)的結果,保留其個位數。
3.若上述的結果大於10,進位數置為1,否則為0。(每位數相加的結果不會超過 9 + 9 = 18 , 因此進位數只有1和0)
4.重複上述步驟2、3,直到計算完兩個運算元其中那個位數小的最高位。
我們來看一道例題:
A+B Problem II
時間限制:3000 ms | 記憶體限制:65535- 描述
-
I have a very simple problem for you. Given two integers A and B, your job is to calculate the Sum of A + B.
A,B must be positive.
- 輸入
- The first line of the input contains an integer T(1<=T<=20) which means the number of test cases. Then T lines follow, each line consists of two positive integers, A and B. Notice that the integers are very large, that means you should not process them by using 32-bit integer. You may assume the length of each integer will not exceed 1000.
- 輸出
- For each test case, you should output two lines. The first line is "Case #:", # means the number of the test case. The second line is the an equation "A + B = Sum", Sum means the result of A + B. Note there are some spaces int the equation.
- 樣例輸入
-
2 1 2 112233445566778899 998877665544332211
- 樣例輸出
-
Case 1: 1 + 2 = 3 Case 2: 112233445566778899 + 998877665544332211 = 1111111111111111110
- 注意:此題有一個細節問題就是高位不能為0,舉個例子012+011不能等於033,而結果為33
- 現在我們來看一下程式碼的實現:
#include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<iostream> #include<algorithm> #define MAX 1010 using namespace std; char str1[MAX],str2[MAX]; int a[MAX],b[MAX],c[MAX]; int main() { int t; int kase=0; cin>>t; while(t--) { memset(a,0,sizeof(a));//對陣列初始化 memset(b,0,sizeof(b)); memset(c,0,sizeof(c)); cin>>str1>>str2; printf("Case %d:\n",++kase); printf("%s + %s = ",str1,str2); int len1=strlen(str1); int len2=strlen(str2); for(int i=len1-1,j=0;i>=0;i--) { a[j++]=str1[i]-'0'; } for(int i=len2-1,j=0;i>=0;i--) { b[j++]=str2[i]-'0'; } for(int i=0;i<MAX;i++) { c[i]+=a[i]+b[i]; if(c[i]>=10) { c[i]=c[i]%10;//滿十進一 c[i+1]++; } } int j; for(j=MAX-1;c[j]==0;j--);//避免高位等於0 if(j<0) cout<<0; else { for(;j>=0;j--) cout<<c[j]; } cout<<endl; } return 0; }