IPC通訊方式之LocalSocket
人生有八苦:生,老,病,死,愛別離,怨長久,求不得,放不下。
LocalSocket是什麼
在弄清LocalSocket是什麼之前,有必要先了解下Socket是什麼。Socket通常翻譯為套接字,它是為了方便讓兩臺機器能互相通訊的一套技術,該套技術封裝好了繁瑣的TCP/IP協議,向外提供出簡單的API簡化了通訊實現的過程,其可以實現不同層面,不同應用,跨程序跨網路的通訊。依據Socket提供的資料傳輸特性可分為如下幾個大類:
- Stream socket: 提供雙向、有序、可靠、非重複的資料通訊。大致可以認為它封裝的TCP通訊協議。
- Datagram socket: 提供雙向資料通訊,資料不一定按順序到達。大致可以認為它封裝的是UDP通訊協議。
- Sequential socket: 提供雙向、有序、可靠資料通訊,資料包有最大限制,並且必須把這個包完整的接受才能進行讀取。
- Raw socket: 提供相對TCP/UDP而言較下層的通訊協議訪問,如果使用非TCP/UDP的通訊協議可以使用該型別的socket。
socket通訊過程如下圖
而Android中的LocalSocket是基於UNIX-domain Socket的,UNIX-domain Socket是在Socket的基礎上衍生出來的一種IPC通訊機制,因此LocalSocket解決的是同一臺主機上不同程序間互相通訊的問題。其相對於網路通訊使用的socket不需要經過網路協議棧,不需要打包拆包、計算校驗,自然的執行效率也高。與大名鼎鼎的binder機制作用一樣,都在Android系統中作為IPC通訊手段被廣泛使用。
在去程式碼看看
frameworks/base/core/java/android/net/LocalSocket.java
public class LocalSocket implements Closeable {
private final LocalSocketImpl impl;
private volatile boolean implCreated;
private LocalSocketAddress localAddress;
private boolean isBound;
private boolean isConnected;
private final int sockType;
/** unknown socket type (used for constructor with existing file descriptor) */
/* package */ static final int SOCKET_UNKNOWN = 0;
/** Datagram socket type */
public static final int SOCKET_DGRAM = 1;
/** Stream socket type */
public static final int SOCKET_STREAM = 2;
/** Sequential packet socket type */
public static final int SOCKET_SEQPACKET = 3;
// ...
從上述程式碼片段引出了幾個重要的相關類:
LocalSocketImpl: 如果看過JDK原始碼中的Socket模組,其中有一個SocketImpl類,客戶端socket和服務端socket都是通過SocketImpl創建出來的。對比來看LocalSocketImpl的作用跟SocketImpl類似,不過這裡還差一個服務端socket,檢視LocalSocketImpl的類註釋,
/** Socket implementation used for android.net.LocalSocket and android.net.LocalServerSocket. Supports only AF_LOCAL sockets. */ class LocalSocketImpl {
類註釋裡清楚的闡述了LocalSocketImpl的作用,它是LocalSocket和LocalServerSocket的實現類,並且只支援AF_LOCAL型別的socket,而AF_LOCAL就是UNIX域的本地socket型別。這裡又出現了一個重要類LocalServerSocket,它就是差的那個服務端socket.
LocalServerSocket: 服務端的socket。
LocalSocketAddress: AF_LOCAL型別socket的地址,做為LocalSocket和 LocalServerSocket互相通訊的標示。這個標示可以放在三個不同的namespace下。具體如下
ABSTRACT linux 抽象名稱空間 RESERVED Android系統預定的名稱空間,其路徑在/dev/socket下 FILESYSTEM 傳統的檔案系統名稱空間 Android系統可以通過命令
adb shell netstat -apn
檢視socket所處的名稱空間,下圖是本地擷取的部分輸出。
LocalSocket通訊例項
一般兩個不同的應用之間如果要相互通訊,首先想到的解決方案都是利用AIDL,這裡我們用LocalSocket來實現。通過該例子來實踐下LocalSocket。
先看看執行效果圖。
TestLocalSocketServer和TestLocalSocketClient是不同的兩個應用,我們從TestLocalSocketClient輸入一個字串,然後在TestLocalSocketServer顯示出來。
TestLocalSocketServer核心程式碼:
public class ServerActivity extends Activity {
private LocalServerSocket mServerSocket = null;
private LocalSocket mSocket = null;
private TextView mShowMsg = null;
private InputStream mInputStream = null;
private static final String SOCKET_NAME = "com.azhengye.testsocket";
private static final String TAG = "azhengye-Socket";
private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
String dispMesg = (String) msg.obj;
mShowMsg.setText(dispMesg);
};
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.replay_btn);
mShowMsg = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.display_msg);
createServerSocket();// 建立LocalServerSocket
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
acceptMsg();//必須要在子執行緒裡接收訊息
}
}).start();
}
private void createServerSocket() {
if (mServerSocket == null) {
try {
/**注意這裡new出LocalServerSocket的同時,系統層已經同步做了bind和listen。
* 我們看看new的過程:
* public LocalServerSocket(String name) throws IOException {
* impl = new LocalSocketImpl();
* impl.create(LocalSocket.SOCKET_STREAM);
* localAddress = new LocalSocketAddress(name);
* impl.bind(localAddress);
* impl.listen(LISTEN_BACKLOG);
* }
*/
mServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(SOCKET_NAME);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Error binding to local socket " + ex);
}
}
}
private void acceptMsg() {
try {
mSocket = mServerSocket.accept();//accept是個阻塞方法,這就是必須要在子執行緒接收訊息的原因。
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
while (true) {
try {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
mInputStream = mSocket.getInputStream();
int count = mInputStream.read(buffer);
String key = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, 0, count));
Log.d(TAG, "ServerActivity mSocketOutStream==" + key);
if ("stop".equals(key)) {
closeSocketResource();
break;
}
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.obj = key;
msg.sendToTarget();
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(TAG, "exception==" + e.fillInStackTrace().getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void closeSocketResource() {
closeSlient(mInputStream);
closeSlient(mSocket);
try {
if (mServerSocket != null) {
mServerSocket.close();
mServerSocket = null;
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed closing ServerSocket" + ex.fillInStackTrace());
}
}
private void closeSlient(Closeable closeable){
try {
if (closeable != null) {
closeable.close();
closeable = null;
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Failed closing : " + closeable);
}
}
}
啟動TestLocalSocketServer使用命令:
adb shell netstat -apn|grep testsocket
輸出
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 898034 12421/com.example.te@com.azhengye.testsocket
則表明TestLocalSocketServer已經就緒,等待客戶端socket接入傳送訊息了。
TestLocalSocketClient核心程式碼:
public class ClientActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private LocalSocket mSocket;
private OutputStream mOut;
private EditText mEditText = null;
private static final String SOCKET_NAME = "com.azhengye.testsocket";//這裡必須要跟TestLocalSocketServer中定義的一樣
private static final String TAG = "azhengye-Socket";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
connect();
mEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.input_msg);
findViewById(R.id.replay_btn).setOnClickListener(this);
findViewById(R.id.stop_btn).setOnClickListener(this);
}
private boolean connect() {
if (mSocket != null) {
return true;
}
try {
mSocket = new LocalSocket();//建立LocalSocket,模擬客戶端
LocalSocketAddress address = new LocalSocketAddress(SOCKET_NAME,
LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.ABSTRACT);
mSocket.connect(address);//連線TestLocalSocketServer
} catch (IOException ex) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
private boolean writeCommand(String cmdString) {
final byte[] cmd = cmdString.getBytes();
final int len = cmd.length;
try {
mOut = mSocket.getOutputStream();
mOut.write(cmd, 0, len);
Log.i(TAG, "ClientActivity write " + new String(cmd));
} catch (IOException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "ClientActivity write error:" + ex.fillInStackTrace());
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.replay_btn:
writeCommand(mEditText.getText().toString());
break;
case R.id.stop_btn:
writeCommand("stop");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
啟動TestLocalSocketClient使用命令:
adb shell netstat -apn|grep testsocket
輸出
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 902376 12421/com.example.te@com.azhengye.testsocket
則表明TestLocalSocketClient已經連線上了TestLocalSocketServer,可以給TestLocalSocketServer傳送訊息了。