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2017湖南多校第八場-20170429

C(1908): The Big Escape(傳送門

題意

有一棵樹,除了根節點,其他每個節點都有一個人,大家都要到根節點去,每條邊每分鐘只能有一個人通過。問最後到達的人的時間

解題思路

  1. 對於root的每棵子樹互不相關

  2. 在一棵子樹中,每一秒最多隻能有一個人逃出去,所以不管是哪一個子樹他們每一秒只會有一個人從子樹的頂點出來,所以直接求解所有子樹大小的最大值就是最終答案

程式碼

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring> using namespace std; const int MAXN = 1e5 + 5; int n, m; struct Edge{ int u, v, nxt; }E[MAXN << 1]; int Head[MAXN], tot; void edge_init(){ tot = 0; memset(Head, -1, sizeof(Head)); } void add_edge(int u, int v){ E[tot].u = u; E[tot].v = v; E[tot].nxt = Head[u]; Head[u] = tot ++; } int
DFS(int u, int fa){ int ret = 1; for(int i = Head[u]; ~i;i = E[i].nxt){ if(E[i].v == fa) continue; ret += DFS(E[i].v, u); } return ret; } int main(){ int a, b, cas = 1; while(~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m)){ edge_init(); for(int i = 0;i < n - 1
;i ++){ scanf("%d%d", &a, &b); add_edge(a, b); add_edge(b, a); } int ret = 0; for(int i = Head[m]; ~i;i = E[i].nxt){ ret = max(ret, DFS(E[i].v, m)); } printf("Case #%d:%d\n",cas ++, ret); } return 0; } /********************************************************************** Problem: 1908 User: 24862486 Language: C++ Result: AC Time:304 ms Memory:4436 kb **********************************************************************/

D(1909): Perfect Chocolate(傳送門

題意

有一種巧克力,由黑白兩種顏色的小快組成。
當黑色小塊與白色小塊的個數相差的絕對值不大於1,就是一塊完美巧克力
問最少切幾下可以讓所有的巧克力都是完美的。

解題思路

很明顯最終形成的完美巧克力一定是幾個白色個數>=黑色個數,或者黑色個數>=白色個數。因為如果形成一個白色比黑色多一個的完美巧克力和黑色比白色多一個的完美巧克力時,他們就可以合併到一起而不需要切割。
所以我們最終只要統計10的個數差就可以了。

程式碼

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#define lson l, mid, rt << 1
#define rson mid + 1, r, rt << 1 | 1
using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 1e5 + 5;
const int SIZE = 2e5 + 5;

char S[MAXN];
int main(){
    int cas = 1;
    while(~scanf("%s", S)){
        int len = strlen(S);
        int sum = 0;
        for(int i = 0;i < len;i ++){
            if(S[i] == '1') sum ++;
            else sum --;
        }
        if(sum < 0) sum = -sum;
        if(sum > 0) sum --;
        printf("Case #%d:%d\n",cas ++, sum);
    }
    return 0;
}

/**********************************************************************
    Problem: 1909
    User: 24862486
    Language: C++
    Result: AC
    Time:12 ms
    Memory:1188 kb
**********************************************************************/

F(1911): Card Game(傳送門

題意

AliceBob各有n張卡牌,每張卡牌不超過18種屬性,他們要完成q個任務,每次任務要求他們各拿出一張卡去組合出該任務要求的屬性,問每次任務他們有多少種組合方式

解題思路

fwt或模板題目,此處不多說

程式碼

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 1 << 20;
const int SIZE = 64 + 5;
int A[MAXN], B[MAXN];
char op[SIZE];

void fwt(int buf[], int n){
    for(int d = 1;d < n;d <<= 1){
        for(int m = d << 1, i = 0;i < n;i += m){
            for(int j = 0;j < d;j ++){
                int x = buf[i + j], y = buf[i + j + d];
                buf[i + j + d] = x + y;
            }
        }
    }
}

void ufwt(int buf[], int n){
    for(int d = 1;d < n;d <<= 1){
        for(int m = d << 1, i = 0;i < n;i += m){
            for(int j = 0;j < d;j ++){
                int x = buf[i + j], y = buf[i + j + d];
                buf[i + j + d] = y - x;
            }
        }
    }
}


int toN(char buf[]){
    int len  =strlen(buf);
    int ret = 0;
    for(int i = 0;i < len;i ++){
        ret = ret * 2 + buf[i] - '0';
    }
    return ret;
}

int main(){
    int _, n, m, cas = 1, Q;
    scanf("%d", &_);
    while(_ --){
        scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
        int tot = 1 << m;
        memset(A, 0, sizeof(A));
        memset(B, 0, sizeof(B));
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i ++){
            scanf("%s", op);
            A[toN(op)] ++;
        }
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i ++){
            scanf("%s", op);
            B[toN(op)] ++;
        }

        fwt(A, tot);
        fwt(B, tot);
        for(int i = 0;i < tot;i ++){
            A[i] *= B[i];
        }
        ufwt(A, tot);
        scanf("%d", &Q);
        printf("Case #%d:\n", cas ++);
        while(Q --){
            scanf("%s", op);
            printf("%d\n", A[toN(op)]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/**********************************************************************
    Problem: 1911
    User: 24862486
    Language: C++
    Result: AC
    Time:140 ms
    Memory:9284 kb
**********************************************************************/

G(1912): One Boring Problem(傳送門

題意

N塊錢分給m個人,你要拿最多的,並且每個人都要有起碼1塊錢

解題思路

列舉+容斥
我們可以列舉自己擁有的錢數,然後通過容斥定理去掉那些比自己大情況就是最終答案,(當求組合數的時候使用隔板法)

程式碼

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#define lson l, mid, rt << 1
#define rson mid + 1, r, rt << 1 | 1
using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN = 3e5 + 5;
const int SIZE = 2e5 + 5;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
LL CC[MAXN];
LL CCD[MAXN];

LL mod_pow(LL x, LL n, LL p){
    LL ret = 1;
    while(n){
        if(n & 1) ret = ret * x % p;
        x = x * x % p;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
}
void CC_init(){
    CC[0] = CC[1] = 1;
    CCD[0] = 1;
    CCD[1] = 1;
    for(int i = 2;i < MAXN;i ++){
        CC[i] = CC[i - 1] * i % mod;
        CCD[i] = mod_pow(CC[i], mod - 2, mod) % mod;//乘法逆元
    }
}



LL C(int m, int n, LL p){
    if(m > n) return 0;
    if(n - m < m) m = n - m;
    LL up = 1, down = 1;
    up = CC[n] * CCD[n - m] % p;
    down = CCD[m];
    return up * down % p;
}

LL lucas(int m, int n, LL p){
    if(m == 0) return 1;
    return C(m % p, n % p, p) * lucas(m / p, n / p, p) % p;
}

int n, m;

int main(){
    CC_init();
    while(~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m)){
        LL ans = 0, tmp = 0;
        if(m == 1){
            printf("1\n");
            continue;
        }
        n = n - m;
        for(int i = 1;i <= n;i ++){
            ans = (ans + lucas(m - 1 - 1, n - i + m - 1 - 1, mod)) % mod;//隔板法或者叫做插板法
            //printf("[%d]\n", ans);
            tmp = 0;
            int flag = 1;
            for(int j = 1;j * i + i <= n && j < m;j ++){
                tmp = (tmp + lucas(m - 1 - 1, n - i - j * i + m - 1 - 1, mod) * lucas(j, m - 1, mod) * flag % mod + mod) % mod;
                flag = - flag;
            }
            ans = (ans + mod - tmp) % mod;
        }
        printf("%lld\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

/**********************************************************************
    Problem: 1912
    User: 24862486
    Language: C++
    Result: AC
    Time:2348 ms
    Memory:5780 kb
**********************************************************************/

H(1913): 一條大笨龍送禮物(傳送門

題意

中文題

解題思路

二分+線段樹區間維護,將大於當前二分值的,標記為1,否則為0,然後進行翻轉操作時,由於我們的線段樹只有10兩種結果,所以可以直接對一段區間賦值為1或者0,然後求出最終的結果,這裡HDOJ5649題解連結(Round 76 1005):http://bestcoder.hdu.edu.cn/solutions.php?page=4是道類似的題目

程式碼

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#define lson l, mid, rt << 1
#define rson mid + 1, r, rt << 1 | 1
using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 1e5 + 5;
const int SIZE = 2e5 + 5;

int Sum[MAXN * 3], Col[MAXN * 3];
int a[MAXN];
int n, m, k;
struct o {
    int l, r;
} O[MAXN];

void push_up(int rt) {
    Sum[rt] = Sum[rt << 1] + Sum[rt << 1 | 1];
}

void push_down(int rt, int m) {
    if(Col[rt] != -1) {
        Col[rt << 1] = Col[rt << 1 | 1] = Col[rt];
        Sum[rt << 1] = (m - (m >> 1)) * Col[rt];
        Sum[rt << 1 | 1] = (m >> 1) * Col[rt];
        Col[rt] = -1;
    }
}

void build(int lowv, int l, int r, int rt) {
    Col[rt] = -1;
    Sum[rt] = 0;
    if(l == r) {
        Sum[rt] = a[l] > lowv;
        return;
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build(lowv, lson);
    build(lowv, rson);
    push_up(rt);
}

void update(int L, int R, int v, int l, int r, int rt) {
    if(L > R) return;
    if(L <= l && r <= R) {
        Sum[rt] = (r - l + 1) * v;
        Col[rt] = v;
        return ;
    }
    push_down(rt, r - l + 1);
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if(L <= mid) update(L, R, v, lson);
    if(R > mid) update(L, R, v, rson);
    push_up(rt);
}

int query(int L, int R, int l, int r, int rt) {
    if(L <= l && r <= R) {
        return Sum[rt];
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    push_down(rt, r - l + 1);
    int ret = 0;
    if(L <= mid) ret += query(L, R, lson);
    if(R > mid) ret += query(L, R, rson);
    return ret;
}

bool C(int mid, int len) {
    build(mid, 1, n, 1);
    for(int i = 0; i < len; i ++) {
        int s1 = query(O[i].l, O[i].r, 1, n, 1);
        int s0 = O[i].r - O[i].l + 1 - s1;
        int cz = (s1 & 1) == 1;
        int qlk = s1 / 2;
        update(O[i].l, O[i].l + qlk - 1 + cz, 1, 1, n, 1);
        update(O[i].l + qlk + cz, O[i].r - qlk, 0, 1, n, 1);
        update(O[i].r - qlk + 1, O[i].r, 1, 1, n, 1);
    }
    return query(k, k, 1, n, 1) == 0;
}

int main() {
    while(~scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &k)) {
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
            scanf("%d", &a[i]);
        }
        int op, len = 0, zl;
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
            scanf("%d", &op);
            if(op == 1) {
                scanf("%d%d", &O[len].l, &O[len].r);
                len ++;
            } else {
                scanf("%d", &zl);
                len -= zl;
                len = len < 0 ? 0 : len;
            }
        }
        //printf("[%d]\n", len);
        int lb = 0, ub = SIZE;
        while(ub - lb > 1) {
            int mid = (ub + lb) >> 1;
            if(C(mid, len)) ub = mid;
            else lb = mid;
        }
        printf("%d\n", ub);
    }
    return 0;
}

/**********************************************************************
    Problem: 1913
    User: 24862486
    Language: C++
    Result: AC
    Time:280 ms
    Memory:4608 kb
**********************************************************************/

HDOJ5649(傳送門)

上述的類似題

程式碼

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#define lson l, mid, rt << 1
#define rson mid + 1, r, rt << 1 | 1
using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 1e5 + 5;
const int SIZE = 64 + 5;

int Sum[MAXN * 3], Col[MAXN * 3];
int a[MAXN];
int n, m, k;
struct o {
    int op, l, r;
} O[MAXN];

void push_up(int rt) {
    Sum[rt] = Sum[rt << 1] + Sum[rt << 1 | 1];
}

void push_down(int rt, int m) {
    if(Col[rt] != -1) {
        Col[rt << 1] = Col[rt << 1 | 1] = Col[rt];
        Sum[rt << 1] = (m - (m >> 1)) * Col[rt];
        Sum[rt << 1 | 1] = (m >> 1) * Col[rt];
        Col[rt] = -1;
    }
}

void build(int lowv, int l, int r, int rt) {
    Col[rt] = -1;
    Sum[rt] = 0;
    if(l == r) {
        Sum[rt] = a[l] > lowv;
        return;
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build(lowv, lson);
    build(lowv, rson);
    push_up(rt);
}

void update(int L, int R, int v, int l, int r, int rt) {
    if(L <= l && r <= R) {
        Sum[rt] = (r - l + 1) * v;
        Col[rt] = v;
        return ;
    }
    push_down(rt, r - l + 1);
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if(L <= mid) update(L, R, v, lson);
    if(R > mid) update(L, R, v, rson);
    push_up(rt);
}

int query(int L, int R, int l, int r, int rt) {
    if(L <= l && r <= R) {
        return Sum[rt];
    }
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    push_down(rt, r - l + 1);
    int ret = 0;
    if(L <= mid) ret += query(L, R, lson);
    if(R > mid) ret += query(L, R, rson);
    return ret;
}

bool C(int lowv) {
    build(lowv, 1, n, 1);
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
        int s1 = query(O[i].l, O[i].r, 1, n, 1);
        int s0 = O[i].r - O[i].l + 1 - s1;
        if(s0 == 0 || s1 == 0) continue;
        if(O[i].op) {
            update(O[i].l, O[i].l + s1 - 1, 1, 1, n, 1);
            update(O[i].l + s1, O[i].r, 0, 1, n, 1);
        } else {
            update(O[i].l, O[i].l + s0 - 1, 0, 1, n, 1);
            update(O[i].l + s0, O[i].r, 1, 1, n, 1);
        }
    }
    return query(k, k, 1, n, 1) == 0;
}

int main() {
    int _;
    scanf("%d", &_);
    while(_ --) {
        scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
            scanf("%d", &a[i]);
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
            scanf("%d%d%d", &O[i].op, &O[i].l, &O[i].r);
        }
        scanf("%d", &k);
        int lb = 0, ub = n;
        while(ub - lb > 1) {
            int mid = (ub + lb) >> 1;
            if(C(mid)) ub = mid;
            else lb = mid;
        }
        printf("%d\n", ub);
    }
    return 0;
}