賴氏經典英語語法—非謂語
在學習的道路上偶爾把英語撿起來學一下，淘到一本《賴氏經典英語語法》，摘取書中的一些東西，做一個記錄，盡量做到時常溫故而知新^_^
這本書我已經看完了，後面才發現有個公眾號也對這本書做了一個分期拆解，把鏈接放上，因為不同的人對同一本書的理解，可能會有不一樣的閃光點。
第14期——非謂語動詞的種類及用法（不定式）
第15期——非謂語動詞（不定式的特殊用法）
第16期——非謂語動詞（分詞的用法）
第17期——非謂語動詞（動名詞的用法）
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以下是我自己對書本對應章節的筆記
1.非謂語——現在分詞/過去分詞
分詞作形容詞：
主被動概念。 | 進行完成概念。 |
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分詞作表語：
be動詞和系動詞之後作表語。
及物動詞vt之後作賓補：
分詞為及物動詞vt時。 | 分詞為不及物動詞vi。 |
分詞做名詞：
The young should learn to cherish life.
Young people should learn to cherish life.
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分詞作副詞，very
It‘s awful hot today.
The tea is boiling hot.
It‘s freezing cold today.
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分詞結構——2動詞
a.兩個動詞同時發生時，第二個動詞一定要變成現在分詞doing.
b.兩個動詞有先後順序，第二個動詞變成to do.
c.兩個動詞有逗號相隔，但連接時，不用考慮先後次序，第二個動詞一定是現在分詞doing。
He came home crying.
He sat in the corner reading a newspaper.
He came home tired.(being)
He stood up to smoke a cigarette.
He ran away quickly, looking as if something terrible had happened.
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分詞結構——兩句無連詞，單句化簡法
a.主語相同刪主語。主語不同要保留。
b.動詞變現分doing，現在分詞。
c.變being可省，不省"因為……"
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He has nothing to do, he feels bored.×
→Having nothing to do he feels bored.
All things considered, I decided to major in business administration.
→All things were considered.
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分詞結構——定語從句化簡法
條件：限定定從~關代作主。
刪關代，動變doing。
The man who is talking to mary over there is my father.
→ the man talking to mary over there is my father.
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分詞結構——狀語從句化簡法。
主同，單句化簡。
a.主語相同刪主語。
b.動詞變現分doing，現在分詞。
c.變being可省，不省"因為……"
If I am free, i‘ll go with you.
→If free, i‘ll go with you.
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少數現在分詞可當介詞使用。
包括including
除外excluding
考慮considering
關於regarding/concerning/about/on
Everyone likes the movie, excluding john/including john.
→Everyone likes the movie, john excluded /included.
Considering his performance, he can be a good teacher.
→His performance considered, he can be a good teacher.
He wrote an article regarding/concerning/about/on environmental pollution.
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獨立分詞短語。
Generally speaking, 一般而言
strictly speaking, 嚴格來說。
frankly speaking, 老實說。
judging from his appearance, 從他的外表看來。
talking of novels, 談到小說。
according to.根據。
Seeing that you have no time.既然你沒時間。
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2.非謂語——動名詞
動名詞可做主賓表。名詞特性。
區分現在分詞：a is b = b is a.
如：her hobby is dancing.
→dancing is her hobby.//dancing在此是動名詞
記得/忘記/後悔曾……
remember/forget/regret + doing.
記得/忘記/遺憾要……
remember/forget/regret + to do.
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喜歡愛恨繼續開始
like dislike love heat continue again start
+doing/to do意思不變。
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值得worth介詞，值得的worthy與of連用，值得的worthwhile。
The issue is worth paying attention to.
The issue is worthy of everyone‘s attention.
That‘s a worthwhile book to read.
It‘s worthwhile to read that book.
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所有格與動名詞的關系。
a.that引導的名詞性從句作主語。
That he didn‘t finish the work on time disappointed me.
→His not finishing the work on time disappointed me.
b.表示喜歡, 厭惡, 在乎之意的vt，不可接that從句作賓語。如like dislike enjoy mind.
I don‘t like that he smokes here.×
I don‘t enjoy that Jake joins us.×
Would you mind that I open the window.×
→I don‘t like his smoking here.
→I don‘t enjoying jack‘s joining us.
→Would you mind my opening the window.
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that.從句，主語非人，不用所有格。
In spite of that the sun shone, the air was very cold.介賓×
In spite of the sun shining, the air was very cold.
盡管陽光普照，空氣還是很冷。
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doing + n:復合名詞。
用來…正在…會…
手杖_用來走路的棍子，A walking stick.
臥鋪車廂，A sleeping car.
飯廳，A dining room.
活字典，A walking dictionary.
睡中嬰兒，A sleeping baby.
正在叫的狗，A barking dog.
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3.非謂語——to do不定式
名詞to do作主賓表
以下句型中be動詞之後，to可省略，改用原形動詞做表語。
All you have to do is (to) take a good rest.
All I can do is (to) wait.
All you should do is simply (to) apologize to him.
All I did yesterday was (to) eat and sleep.
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形容詞to do，後衛修飾
I have some work to do.
work做do的動賓/或介賓
He is a nice man to work with.
Give me a chair to set in.
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be後to do作為形容詞不定式的意義。
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主動形式 | 被動形式 |
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副詞to do，
修飾動詞：多半後置表目的。移前主語得是人。
He sang a song ｜to please her.
-------------｜in order to please her
-------------｜so as to please her
-------------｜with an eye to pleasing her
-------------｜with a view to pleasing her.
To please her, he sang a song.√
To please her,a song was sung.×
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修飾形容詞，必在形容詞後。
He is able to handle the problem.
this book is good to read.
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修飾副詞，必在副詞後。
He is too old enough to go swimming alone.
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獨立不定式=插入語。
To tell the truth, I don‘t like him.老實說，我不喜歡他。
To be frank with you, he is good for nothing.
老實對你說，他一無是處。
To do him justice, he has done his best.
平心而論，他已經盡力。
To make matters worse, it began to rain.
更糟的是，開始下雨了。
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that化簡不定式to do
it……that
時態相同，to加原形
It seems that he works hard.
He seems to work hard.
他似乎很努力。
It was said that he loved music very much.
=he was said to love music very much.
據說以前他很喜歡音樂。
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時態不同，to加have done(曾經)。
It seems that he worked hard.
=He seems to have worked hard.
他似乎曾經努力過。
賴氏經典英語語法—非謂語