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冷沖模具的發展
改革開放以來，隨著國民經濟的高速發展，市場對冷沖模具的需求量不斷增長。近年來，冷沖模具工業一直以15%左右的增長速度快速發展，冷沖模具工業企業的所有制成分也發生了巨大變化，除了國有專業模具廠外，集體、合資、獨資和私營也得到了快速發展。
隨著與國際接軌的腳步不斷加快，市場競爭的日益加劇，人們已經越來越認識到產品質量、成本和新產品的開發能力的重要性。而冷沖模具製造是整個鏈條中最基礎的要素之一，冷沖模具製造技術現已成為衡量一個國家制造業水平高低的重要標誌，並在很大程度上決定企業的生存空間。
近年許多冷沖模具企業加大了用於技術進步的投資力度，將技術進步視為企業發展的重要動力。一些國內模具企業已普及了二維CAD，並陸續開始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、 I-DEAS、Euclid-IS等國際通用軟體，個別廠家還引進了Moldflow、C-Flow、DYNAFORM、Optris和MAGMASOFT等CAE軟體，併成功應用於衝壓模的設計中。
以汽車覆蓋件模具為代表的大型衝壓模具的製造技術已取得很大進步，東風汽車公司模具廠、一汽模具中心等模具廠家已能生產部分轎車覆蓋件模具。此外，許多研究機構和大專院校開展模具技術的研究和開發。經過多年的努力，在模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術方面取得了顯著進步；在提高模具質量和縮短模具設計製造週期等方面做出了貢獻。
雖然中國冷沖模具工業在過去十多年中取得了令人矚目的發展，但許多方面與工業發達國家相比仍有較大的差距。例如，精密加工裝置在冷沖模具加工裝置中的比重比較低；CAD/CAE/CAM技術的普及率不高；許多先進的模具技術應用不夠廣泛等等，致使相當一部分大型、精密、複雜和長壽命冷沖模具依賴進口。
隨著科學技術的不斷進步,現代工業產品的生產日益複雜與多樣化,產品效能和質量也在不斷提高,因而對冷衝壓技術提出了更高的要求.為了使冷衝壓技術能適應各工業部門的需要,冷衝壓技術自身也在不斷革新和發展.冷衝壓技術的發展思路就是儘可能地完善和擴充冷衝壓工藝的優點,克服其缺點.在冷衝壓技術的發展過程中,應注意以下幾方面：
(1)冷衝壓技術的發展過程中應正確地確定工藝引數及冷沖模具工作部分的形狀與尺寸,提高衝壓件的質量、縮短新產品試製週期,應在加強衝壓成形理論研究的基礎上,使衝壓成形理論達到能對生產實際起指導作用,逐步建立起一套密切結合生產實際的先進的工藝分析計算方法.國外已開始採用彈塑性有限元法對汽車覆蓋零件的成形過程進行應力應變分析和計算機模擬,以預測某一工藝方案對零件成形的可能性和可能出現的問題。
(2)加快產品更新換代,克服模具設計週期長的缺點.應大力開展模具計算機輔助設計和製造(CAD/CAM)技術的研究.在我國,目前要特別注意加強多工位級進模CAD/CAM技術的研究。
(3)滿足大量生產需要以及減輕勞動強度.應加強冷衝壓生產的機械化和自動化研究,使一般中、小件能在高速壓力機上採用多工位級進模生產,達到生產高度自動化,進一步提高衝壓的生產率。
(4)擴大冷衝壓生產的運用範圍.使冷衝壓既適合大量生產,也適合小批量生產;既能生產一般精度的產品,也能生產精密零件.應注意開發如精密衝裁(特別是厚料精衝)、高能成形、軟模成形、施壓和超塑性加工等新成形工藝,還要推廣簡易模(軟模和低熔點合金模)、通用組合模、數控衝床等裝置的運用。
此外,對衝壓板料效能的改進,模具新材料、模具新加工方法的開發也應進一步加強。
結語
在實際生產中，對於薄板沖模使用，很少出現非正常磨損的情況。但對於厚板沖模時則發現易出現非正常磨損，我們總是針對出現的問題進行研究總結。因為一副冷沖模，從設計、加工製造、裝配、除錯到安裝、使用，都耗費了眾多工時，同時沖模的凸、凹模使用的材料，大都是優質合金鋼。因此，沖模的成本都是比較高的。所以在生產中瞭解影響沖模壽命的因素及採取相應的對策來指導生產，具有重大的現實意義。

Since reform and opening, with the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand with the growing Die. In recent years, Die with the industry has been around 15% growth rate of the rapid development of industrial enterprises with ownership Die components also changed dramatically, in addition to the professional mold factory outside of state-owned, collective, joint ventures, wholly-owned and private has been a rapid development.
As with the accelerating pace of international integration, the increasing competition in the market, it has been increasingly recognized product quality, cost, and new product development capacities. The cold die manufacturing is the ies. The cold die manufacturing is the most basic elements of the chain, one of the cold die manufacturing technology to measure a country's manufacturing sector has become an important symbol of the level, and largely determine the viability of enterprises.
Die with enterprises to increase in recent years many technological advances for investment, technological progress will be seen as an important driving force for enterprise development. Some domestic enterprises have popularized the two-dimensional mold CAD, and gradually began to use UG, Pro / Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS and other international common software, individual manufacturers have also introduced Moldflow, C-Flow, DYNAFORM, Optris and MAGMASOFT etc. CAE software, and successfully applied in stamping die design.
A car cover mold as the representative of a large stamping die manufacturing technology has made great progress, Dongfeng Motor Corporation mold factory, mold manufacturers such as FAW mold center has been able to produce some car cover mold.
In addition, many research institutions and universities to carry out technology research and development of mold. After years of effort, in the mold CAD / CAE / CAM technology has made remarkable progress; in improving quality and reducing mold die design and manufacturing cycle, and so contributed.
Although China Die with the industry over the past decade has made remarkable development, but in many ways compared with the industrialized countries there is still a large gap. For example, the precision machining equipment, processing equipment in Die with the relatively low proportion; CAD / CAE / CAM technology penetration is not high; many advanced mold technology not widely so, resulting in a considerable number of large, sophisticated, complex and long Die life with dependence on imports.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, modern industrial production of increasingly complex and diverse, product performance and quality is ever increasing, thus the cold stamping technology put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to the cold stamping technology industry needs, cold stamping technology itself also in innovation and development. cold stamping technology idea is to improve and expand as much as possible the advantages of the cold stamping process, to overcome its shortcomings. in the cold stamping technology development, should note the following aspects:
(1) cold stamping technology process parameters should be properly identified and Die with the work of some of the shape and size, to improve the quality of stamping parts and shorten the new product production cycle should be in strengthening the metal forming the basis of theoretical studies, to metal forming theory to practice can produce a direction, and gradually establish a close connection with the actual production of the advanced process of calculation. abroad have begun to use plastic finite element method, automobile parts forming process of the stress and strain analysis and computer simulation to predict the forming part of a process plan on the possibilities and potential problems.
(2) to accelerate product replacement, mold design to overcome the shortcomings of a long cycle. Should vigorously carry out computer-aided design and manufacture of molds (CAD / CAM) Research. In my country, paying particular attention to strengthening the multi-position progressive die CAD / CAM Technology.
(3) to meet the needs of mass production, and reduce labor intensity. Should strengthen cold stamping of mechanized and automated, so that the average, small pieces of high-speed presses in a multi-position progressive die production, production reached a high degree of automation to further improve stamping productivity.
(4) expand the scope of application of cold stamping production. So cold pressing both suitable for mass production, but also for small batch production; both the general accuracy of product production, but also can produce precision parts. Should pay attention to development such as fine blanking (especially thick material fine blanking), forming high-energy, soft mold forming, pressure and processing new superplastic forming process, but also promote the easy mode (soft mode and the low melting point alloy mold), Universal Hybrid model, the use of CNC punch press and other equipment.
In addition, the performance improvement of sheet metal stamping, mold new material, die development of new processing methods should be further strengthened.
6. Conclusion
In actual production, sheet metal dies for use, rare case of non-normal wear and tear. But when the die plate was found prone to irregular wear, we always study for the problems summarized. Because of a cold die, from the design, manufacture, assembly, commissioning and installation and use, all spent many hours, while the die, die material used, mostly high-quality alloy steel. Therefore, the die cost is relatively high. Therefore, in the production of understanding the factors that affect the die life and take the appropriate measures to guide the production of great practical significance.