Android實現藍芽（BlueTooth）裝置檢測連線

阿新 • • 發佈：2020-01-07

無論是WIFI還是4G網路，建立網路連線後都是訪問網際網路資源，並不能直接訪問區域網資源。比如兩個人在一起，A要把手機上的視訊傳給B，通常情況是開啟手機QQ，通過QQ傳送檔案給對方。不過上傳視訊很耗流量，如果現場沒有可用的WIFI，手機的資料流量又不足，那又該怎麼辦呢？為了解決這種鄰近傳輸檔案的問題，藍芽技術應運而生。藍芽技術是一種無線技術標準，可實現裝置之間的短距離資料交換。

Android為藍芽技術提供了4個工具類，分別是藍芽介面卡BluetoothAdapter、藍芽裝置BluetoothDevice、藍芽服務端套接字BluetoothServerSocket和藍芽客戶端套接字BluetoothSocket。

藍芽介面卡BluetoothAdapter

BluetoothAdapter的作用其實跟其它的**Manger差不多，可以把它當作藍芽管理器。下面是BluetoothAdapter的常用方法說明。

getDefaultAdapter：靜態方法，獲取預設的藍芽介面卡物件；
enable：開啟藍芽功能；
disable：關閉藍芽功能；
isEnable：判斷藍芽功能是否開啟；
startDiscovery：開始搜尋周圍的藍芽裝置；
cancelDiscovery：取消搜尋操作；
isDiscovering：判斷當前是否正在搜尋裝置；
getBondedDevices：獲取已繫結的裝置列表；
setName：設定本機的藍芽名稱；

getName：獲取本機的藍芽名稱；
getAddress：獲取本機的藍芽地址；
getRemoteDevice：根據藍芽地址獲取遠端的藍芽裝置；
getState：獲取本地藍芽介面卡的狀態；
listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord：根據名稱和UUID建立並返回BluetoothServiceSocket；
listenUsingRfcommOn：根據渠道編號建立並返回BluetoothServiceSocket。

藍芽裝置BluetoothDevice

BluetoothDevice用於指代某個藍芽裝置，通常表示對方裝置。BluetoothAdapter管理的是本機藍芽裝置。下面是BluetoothDevice的常用方法說明。

getName：獲得該裝置的名稱；
getAddress：獲得該裝置的地址；
getBondState：獲得該裝置的繫結狀態；
createBond：建立匹配物件；
createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord：根據UUID建立並返回一個BluetoothSocket。

藍芽伺服器套接字BluetoothServiceSocket

BluetoothServiceSocket是服務端的Socket，用來接收客戶端的Socket連線請求。下面是常用的方法說明。

accept：監聽外部的藍芽連線請求；
close：關閉服務端的藍芽監聽。

藍芽客戶端套接字BluetoothSocket

BluetoothSocket是客戶端的Socket，用於與對方裝置進行資料通訊。下面是常用的方法說明。

connect：建立藍芽的socket連線；
close：關閉藍芽的socket連線；
getInputStream：獲取socket連線的輸入流物件；
getOutputStream：獲取socket連線的輸出流物件；
getRemoteDevice：獲取遠端裝置資訊。

layout\activity_bluetooth.xml介面佈局程式碼如下：介面佈局程式碼如下：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  android:padding="5dp">

  <LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <CheckBox
      android:id="@+id/ck_bluetooth"
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:button="@null"
      android:checked="false"
      android:drawableLeft="@drawable/ck_status_selector"
      android:text="藍芽"
      android:textColor="#ff000000"
      android:textSize="17sp" />

    <TextView
      android:id="@+id/tv_discovery"
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="1"
      android:gravity="right|center"
      android:textColor="#ff000000"
      android:textSize="17sp" />
  </LinearLayout>

  <LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="40dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <TextView
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="4"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="名稱"
      android:textColor="#ff000000"
      android:textSize="17sp" />

    <TextView
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="5"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="地址"
      android:textColor="#ff000000"
      android:textSize="17sp" />

    <TextView
      android:layout_width="0dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_weight="2"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:text="狀態"
      android:textColor="#ff000000"
      android:textSize="17sp" />
  </LinearLayout>

  <ListView
    android:id="@+id/lv_bluetooth"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

BluetoothActivity.java邏輯程式碼如下：

package com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.adapter.BlueListAdapter;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.bean.BlueDevice;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueAcceptTask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueConnectTask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.task.BlueReceiveTask;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.util.BluetoothUtil;
import com.fukaimei.bluetoothtest.widget.InputDialogFragment;

public class BluetoothActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements
    OnClickListener,OnItemClickListener,OnCheckedChangeListener,BlueConnectTask.BlueConnectListener,InputDialogFragment.InputCallbacks,BlueAcceptTask.BlueAcceptListener {
  private static final String TAG = "BluetoothActivity";
  private CheckBox ck_bluetooth;
  private TextView tv_discovery;
  private ListView lv_bluetooth;
  private BluetoothAdapter mBluetooth;
  private ArrayList<BlueDevice> mDeviceList = new ArrayList<BlueDevice>();

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_bluetooth);
    bluetoothPermissions();
    ck_bluetooth = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.ck_bluetooth);
    tv_discovery = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_discovery);
    lv_bluetooth = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_bluetooth);
    if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) {
      ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
    }
    ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
    tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this);
    mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
    if (mBluetooth == null) {
      Toast.makeText(this,"本機未找到藍芽功能",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      finish();
    }
  }

  // 定義獲取基於地理位置的動態許可權
  private void bluetoothPermissions() {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
      ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{
          android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},1);
    }
  }

  /**
   * 重寫onRequestPermissionsResult方法
   * 獲取動態許可權請求的結果,再開啟藍芽
   */
  @Override
  public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,@NonNull String[] permissions,@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    if (requestCode == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
      if (BluetoothUtil.getBlueToothStatus(this) == true) {
        ck_bluetooth.setChecked(true);
      }
      ck_bluetooth.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
      tv_discovery.setOnClickListener(this);
      mBluetooth = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
      if (mBluetooth == null) {
        Toast.makeText(this,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        finish();
      }
    } else {
      Toast.makeText(this,"使用者拒絕了許可權",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults);
  }

  @Override
  public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) {
    if (buttonView.getId() == R.id.ck_bluetooth) {
      if (isChecked == true) {
        beginDiscovery();
        Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
        startActivityForResult(intent,1);
        // 下面這行程式碼為服務端需要，客戶端不需要
        mHandler.postDelayed(mAccept,1000);
      } else {
        cancelDiscovery();
        BluetoothUtil.setBlueToothStatus(this,false);
        mDeviceList.clear();
        BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(this,mDeviceList);
        lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
      }
    }
  }

  private Runnable mAccept = new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      if (mBluetooth.getState() == BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON) {
        BlueAcceptTask acceptTask = new BlueAcceptTask(true);
        acceptTask.setBlueAcceptListener(BluetoothActivity.this);
        acceptTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
      } else {
        mHandler.postDelayed(this,1000);
      }
    }
  };

  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
    if (v.getId() == R.id.tv_discovery) {
      beginDiscovery();
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode,int resultCode,Intent intent) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode,resultCode,intent);
    if (requestCode == 1) {
      if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
        Toast.makeText(this,"允許本地藍芽被附近的其它藍芽裝置發現",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
        Toast.makeText(this,"不允許藍芽被附近的其它藍芽裝置發現",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
      }
    }
  }

  private Runnable mRefresh = new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      beginDiscovery();
      mHandler.postDelayed(this,2000);
    }
  };

  private void beginDiscovery() {
    if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() != true) {
      mDeviceList.clear();
      BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this,mDeviceList);
      lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
      tv_discovery.setText("正在搜尋藍芽裝置");
      mBluetooth.startDiscovery();
    }
  }

  private void cancelDiscovery() {
    mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
    tv_discovery.setText("取消搜尋藍芽裝置");
    if (mBluetooth.isDiscovering() == true) {
      mBluetooth.cancelDiscovery();
    }
  }

  @Override
  protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh,50);
    blueReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();
    //需要過濾多個動作，則呼叫IntentFilter物件的addAction新增新動作
    IntentFilter foundFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
    foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
    foundFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
    registerReceiver(blueReceiver,foundFilter);
  }

  @Override
  protected void onStop() {
    super.onStop();
    cancelDiscovery();
    unregisterReceiver(blueReceiver);
  }

  private BluetoothReceiver blueReceiver;

  private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent) {
      String action = intent.getAction();
      Log.d(TAG,"onReceive action=" + action);
      // 獲得已經搜尋到的藍芽裝置
      if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) {
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
        BlueDevice item = new BlueDevice(device.getName(),device.getAddress(),device.getBondState() - 10);
        mDeviceList.add(item);
        BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(BluetoothActivity.this,mDeviceList);
        lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
        lv_bluetooth.setOnItemClickListener(BluetoothActivity.this);
      } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)) {
        mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRefresh);
        tv_discovery.setText("藍芽裝置搜尋完成");
      } else if (action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) {
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
        if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING) {
          tv_discovery.setText("正在配對" + device.getName());
        } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
          tv_discovery.setText("完成配對" + device.getName());
          mHandler.postDelayed(mRefresh,50);
        } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
          tv_discovery.setText("取消配對" + device.getName());
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent,View view,int position,long id) {
    cancelDiscovery();
    BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(position);
    BluetoothDevice device = mBluetooth.getRemoteDevice(item.address);
    try {
      if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE) {
        Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
        Log.d(TAG,"開始配對");
        Boolean result = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(device);
      } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED &&
          item.state != BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED) {
        tv_discovery.setText("開始連線");
        BlueConnectTask connectTask = new BlueConnectTask(item.address);
        connectTask.setBlueConnectListener(this);
        connectTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,device);
      } else if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED &&
          item.state == BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED) {
        tv_discovery.setText("正在傳送訊息");
        InputDialogFragment dialog = InputDialogFragment.newInstance(
            "","請輸入要傳送的訊息");
        String fragTag = getResources().getString(R.string.app_name);
        dialog.show(getFragmentManager(),fragTag);
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      tv_discovery.setText("配對異常：" + e.getMessage());
    }
  }

  //向對方傳送訊息
  @Override
  public void onInput(String title,String message,int type) {
    Log.d(TAG,"onInput message=" + message);
    Log.d(TAG,"mBlueSocket is " + (mBlueSocket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
    BluetoothUtil.writeOutputStream(mBlueSocket,message);
  }

  private BluetoothSocket mBlueSocket;

  //客戶端主動連線
  @Override
  public void onBlueConnect(String address,BluetoothSocket socket) {
    mBlueSocket = socket;
    tv_discovery.setText("連線成功");
    refreshAddress(address);
  }

  //重新整理已連線的狀態
  private void refreshAddress(String address) {
    for (int i = 0; i < mDeviceList.size(); i++) {
      BlueDevice item = mDeviceList.get(i);
      if (item.address.equals(address) == true) {
        item.state = BlueListAdapter.CONNECTED;
        mDeviceList.set(i,item);
      }
    }
    BlueListAdapter adapter = new BlueListAdapter(this,mDeviceList);
    lv_bluetooth.setAdapter(adapter);
  }

  //服務端偵聽到連線
  @Override
  public void onBlueAccept(BluetoothSocket socket) {
    Log.d(TAG,"onBlueAccept socket is " + (socket == null ? "null" : "not null"));
    if (socket != null) {
      mBlueSocket = socket;
      BluetoothDevice device = mBlueSocket.getRemoteDevice();
      refreshAddress(device.getAddress());
      BlueReceiveTask receive = new BlueReceiveTask(mBlueSocket,mHandler);
      receive.start();
    }
  }

  //收到對方發來的訊息
  private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
      if (msg.what == 0) {
        byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj;
        String readMessage = new String(readBuf,msg.arg1);
        Log.d(TAG,"handleMessage readMessage=" + readMessage);
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(BluetoothActivity.this);
        builder.setTitle("我收到訊息啦").setMessage(readMessage).setPositiveButton("確定",null);
        builder.create().show();
      }
    }
  };

  @Override
  protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    if (mBlueSocket != null) {
      try {
        mBlueSocket.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }
}

新增藍芽所需的相應許可權：

 <!-- 藍芽 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
  <!--基於地理位置-->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

Demo程式執行效果介面截圖如下：

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支援我們。

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