CentOS 6.4 + nginx-1.2.5 + php-5.4.15 + MySQL-5.5.31
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-05-02
CentOS 6.4 + nginx-1.2.5 + php-5.4.15 + MySQL-5.5.31
摘要
在工作中，需要經常為新系統安裝軟體，重複而簡單，但又不得不作，我將過去幾年中工作中臨時寫的指令碼這裡了一下，能夠實現半自動化安裝標本，只需要Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V 快速貼上複製，即可快速完成安裝
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目錄
- 1. CentOS 6.3 64bit Minior 安裝後 新機初始化常用軟體包安裝
- 1.1. /etc/resolv.conf
- 1.2. /etc/security/limits.conf
- 1.3. /etc/sysctl.conf
- 1.4. history 格式設定
- 1.5. /etc/fstab
- 2. 常用網路軟體服務安裝
- 2.1. ntp
- 2.2. net-snmp
- 2.3. nagios
- 2.4. rsync
- 2.5. vsftpd
- 3. MySQL-5.5.31
- 4. php-5.4.15
- 4.1. 配置php.ini
- 4.2. 配置 php-fpm
- 4.3. 將php加入PATH環境變數
- 4.4. PHP Extension - APC
- 4.5. phpredis
- 4.6. mongo
- 4.7. 編譯中遇到問題如何處理？
- 5. nginx-1.2.5
- 5.1. /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- 5.2. host 配置
- 6. redis-2.4.10
- 7. MongoDB
1. CentOS 6.3 64bit Minior 安裝後 新機初始化常用軟體包安裝
lokkit --disabled --selinux=disabled
yum update -y
rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
rpm -K http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -i http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y telnet wget rsync
yum install -y system-config-network-tui
yum install -y bind-utils
yum install -y vim-enhanced
yum install -y openssh-clients
yum remove dhclient -y 1.1. /etc/resolv.conf
配置DNS
echo -ne "
search example.com
nameserver 208.67.222.222
nameserver 202.67.220.220
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 4.4.4.4
" > /etc/resolv.conf 1.2. /etc/security/limits.conf
修改檔案開啟數
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
root soft nofile 65536
root hard nofile 65536
www soft nofile 65536
www hard nofile 65536
mysql soft nofile 65536
mysql hard nofile 65536
EOF 下面更省事，但不建議使用*萬用字元，這樣任何使用者都不限制。
echo -ne "
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
" >> /etc/security/limits.conf 而上面我市針對www使用者設定，也就是web伺服器，其他使用者是受限的。
1.3. /etc/sysctl.conf
核心引數調整
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 60
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 4096
EOF 1.4. history 格式設定
設定history格式，是他能夠記錄命令的輸入時間
cat >> /etc/bashrc <<EOF
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S "
EOF 1.5. /etc/fstab
我一般分割槽規劃是，/系統根分割槽,swap交換分割槽,/www資料分割槽，同時 禁止寫入atime時間,因為/www頻繁請求會影響IO
臨時mount
mount -o remount,noatime,nodiratime /dev/sda3 /mnt/your LABEL 方式
LABEL=/www /www ext3 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 1 UUID 方式
UUID=eeff3e86-7964-4a48-ac02-51ea167ea6b2 /www ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 2 至此，Linux 的OS部分安裝配置與優化完成。
2. 常用網路軟體服務安裝
2.1. ntp
ntp 服務同步伺服器的時間，需要安裝。
# redhat 5.6 cp /etc/ntp.conf.original /etc/ntp.conf
yum install ntp -y 指定ntp伺服器，如果你沒有ntp server,下面步驟不用執行
cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.original
vim /etc/ntp.conf <<VIM > /dev/null 2>&1
:22,24s/^/#/
:25,25s/^/rserver 172.16.3.51rserver 172.16.3.52r/
:wq
VIM service ntpd start
chkconfig ntpd on 2.2. net-snmp
用於伺服器的狀態監控
yum install net-snmp -y
vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf <<VIM > /dev/null 2>&1
:62,62s/systemview/all/
:85,85s/^#//
:wq
VIM
service snmpd start
chkconfig snmpd on 2.3. nagios
伺服器故障警告
yum install -y nrpe nagios-plugins
vi /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg <<VIM > /dev/null 2>&1
:%s/allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1/allowed_hosts=172.16.1.2/
:wq
VIM
cat >> /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg <<EOF
#command[check_http]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_http -I 127.0.0.1 -p 80 -u http://www.example.com/index.html
command[check_swap]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%
command[check_all_disks]=/usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -e
EOF
chkconfig nrpe on
service nrpe start 2.4. rsync
我使用rsync來實現應用的部署。
yum install xinetd rsync -y
vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync <<VIM > /dev/null 2>&1
:%s/yes/no/
:wq
VIM
cat > /etc/rsyncd.conf <<EOD
uid = root
gid = root
use chroot = no
max connections = 8
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
hosts deny=*
hosts allow=192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0
[www]
uid = www
gid = www
path = /www
ignore errors
read only = no
list = no
auth users = www
secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.passwd
EOD
cat >> /etc/rsyncd.passwd <<EOF
www:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
EOF
chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.*
chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.passwd
service xinetd restart 2.5. vsftpd
根據你的需要，選裝。
yum install -y vsftpd
adduser --home-dir /www/target/logs/ --shell /sbin/nologin --password logs.xiu.com logs
echo logs >> /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf <<VIM > /dev/null 2>&1
:%s/#chroot_list_enable=YES/chroot_list_enable=YES/
:%s/#chroot_list_file/chroot_list_file/
VIM
chkconfig vsftpd on
service vsftpd start 3. MySQL-5.5.31
解除安裝舊的包，然後準備好rpm檔案
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs
yum localinstall MySQL-* 安裝後檢視如下
# rpm -qa | grep MySQL
MySQL-client-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64
MySQL-shared-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64
MySQL-devel-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64
MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64
MySQL-server-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64 4. php-5.4.15
由於redhat與centosYUM源中尚未提供php-fpm所以我採用編譯安裝，網上有一些愛好者製作過php-fpm的rpm包。是否使用你自己那注意。
安裝fedora的YUM源，我們需要一些devel包。
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm 安裝編譯器與開發包
yum install gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf -y
yum install curl-devel libmcrypt-devel gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libXpm-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel mhash-devel recode-devel openssl-devel -y 安裝下面三個rpm包，編譯php不需要server與client兩個包
MySQL-shared-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64
MySQL-devel-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64
MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.31-1.el6.x86_64 將其放置在一個目錄中，使用下面命令即可安裝
yum localinstall MySQL-* 前面的準備工作就緒後，便可以進入到php的安裝階段
tar zxvf php-5.4.15.tar.gz
cd php-5.4.15
./configure --prefix=/srv/php-5.4.15
--with-config-file-path=/srv/php-5.4.15/etc
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/srv/php-5.4.15/etc/conf.d
--enable-fpm
--with-fpm-user=www
--with-fpm-group=www
--with-curl
--with-gd
--with-jpeg-dir
--with-png-dir
--with-freetype-dir
--with-zlib-dir
--with-iconv
--with-mcrypt
--with-mysql
--with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config
--with-pdo-mysql
--with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
--with-openssl=shared
--with-mhash=shared
--with-xsl=shared
--with-recode=shared
--with-pear
--enable-sockets
--enable-soap
--enable-mbstring
--enable-gd-native-ttf
--enable-zip
--enable-xml
--enable-bcmath
--enable-calendar
--enable-shmop
--enable-dba
--enable-wddx
--disable-debug
make && make install 4.1. 配置php.ini
備份配置檔案，防止不小心改錯而又找不出問題出在哪裡。
mkdir -p /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/conf.d
cp php.ini-* /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/
cp /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php.ini-development /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php.ini
cp /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/pear.conf{,.original}
ln -s /srv/php-5.4.15/ /srv/php php預設提供兩個配置檔案模板php.ini-development用於開發和測試環境；php.ini-production用於生產環境。他們差異是php.ini-development會顯示除錯資訊，即 error_display = On.
# ls php.ini-*
php.ini-development php.ini-production 下面更改僅供參考，需要根據你的具體情況配置，不要照搬。
vim /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php.ini <<EOF > /dev/null 2>&1
:%s#expose_php = On#expose_php = Off#
:%s$;open_basedir = $open_basedir = /www/:/tmp/:/srv/php-5.4.15/lib/php/:/srv/php-5.4.15/bin/$
:%s/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 16M/
:%s!;include_path = ".:/php/includes"!include_path = ".:/srv/php-5.4.15/lib/php:/srv/php-5.4.15/share"!
:%s:extension_dir = "./":extension_dir = "/srv/php-5.4.15/lib/php/extensions":
:%s/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 8M/
:%s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/
:%s$;date.timezone =$date.timezone = Asia/Hong_Kong$
:1367,1367s/session.save_handler = files/session.save_handler = redis/
:1368,1368s#^#session.save_path = "tcp://127.0.0.1:6379"r#
:1415,1368s/session.name = PHPSESSID/session.name = JSESSIONID/
:wq
EOF 4.2. 配置 php-fpm
安裝啟動指令碼
cp ./sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on
chkconfig --list php-fpm 修改配置檔案
cp /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php-fpm.conf
vim /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php-fpm.conf <<end > /dev/null 2>&1
:25,25s/;//
:32,32s/;//
:wq
end 察看配置項
# grep -v '^;' /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/php-fpm.conf | grep -v '^$'
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
[www]
user = www
group = www
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3 4.3. 將php加入PATH環境變數
vim ~/.bash_profile <<END > /dev/null 2>&1
:%s#bin#bin:/srv/php/bin#
:wq
END 4.4. PHP Extension - APC
Apc
pecl install apc
cat > /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/conf.d/apc.ini <<EOF
extension=apc.so
EOF 檢視安裝情況
# /srv/php/bin/php -m | grep apc
apc 4.5. phpredis
安裝git版本控制客戶端
yum install git 從github倉庫中克隆一份程式碼到本地
git clone git://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis.git 編譯安裝phpredis； 我暫時沒有找到 pecl的phpredis源
cd phpredis
phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/srv/php-5.4.15/bin/php-config
make && make install 建立配置檔案
cat > /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/conf.d/redis.ini <<EOF
extension=redis.so
EOF 檢視安裝情況
# php -m | grep redis
redis 4.6. mongo
pecl 安裝 mongo
pecl install mongo 建立配置檔案
cat > /srv/php-5.4.15/etc/conf.d/mongo.ini <<EOF
extension=mongo.so
EOF # php -m | grep mongo
mongo 4.7. 編譯中遇到問題如何處理？
下面我們來模擬一個場景，例如 configure的時候出現下面提示
configure: error: Can not find recode.h anywhere under yes /usr/local /usr /opt. 提示找不到recode。h檔案，很好辦，首先搜尋recode包
[root@haproxy php-5.4.15]# yum search recode | 327 B 00:00
============================ N/S Matched: recode ====================================
php-recode.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the recode library
recode-devel.i686 : Header files and static libraries for development using recode
recode-devel.x86_64 : Header files and static libraries for development using recode
recode.i686 : Conversion between character sets and surfaces
recode.x86_64 : Conversion between character sets and surfaces
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. 然後安裝devel包,記住之需要安裝devel包即可，其他都是多餘。
[root@haproxy php-5.4.15]# yum install recode-devel -y 然後重新執行configure
5. nginx-1.2.5
為web伺服器建立一個使用者，我喜歡使用www,id為80更容易記，同時將一個單獨分割槽掛在/www上使用者存放web應用程式。
groupadd -g 80 www
adduser -o --home /www --uid 80 --gid 80 -c "Web Application" www 新增nginx的YUM源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo <<EOF
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF 開始安裝nginx
yum search nginx
yum install -y nginx
chkconfig nginx on
service nginx start 如果你不懂編譯器優化，建議你使用rpm方案。在不優化的情況下編譯出來程式很臃腫。
# rpm -qa | grep nginx
nginx-1.2.5-1.el6.ngx.x86_64 5.1. /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
隱藏nginx版本號
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
...
server_tokens off;
} 5.2. host 配置
mkdir -p /www/www.mydomain.com/htdocs
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
cp default.conf www.mydomain.com.conf
vim www.mydomain.com.conf server {
listen 80;
server_name www.mydomain.com;
charset utf-8;
access_log /var/log/nginx/www.mydomain.com.access.log main;
location / {
root /www/www.mydomain.com/htdocs;
index index.html index.php;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/www.mydomain.com/htdocs$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
} 建立測試頁面
cat >> /www/www.mydomain.com/htdocs/index.php <<PHP
<?php
phpinfo();
PHP 啟動伺服器
service php-fpm start
service nginx start 檢查index.php輸出
# curl -H HOST:www.mydomain.com http://127.0.0.1/index.php 6. redis-2.4.10
安裝fedora的YUM源，
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm 安裝redis
# yum install redis
# chkconfig redis on
# service redis start 7. MongoDB
# yum install mongodb-server
# chkconfig mongod on
# service mongod start