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wenbao與記憶化搜索

.html def 利用 control bre 進步 flag tdi amp

記憶化搜索:

通俗地講就是搜索的形式,dp的思想

一些搜索難以完成,dp的動態轉移方程又不好寫的題,就會用到記憶化搜索,利用dp記錄路徑(相當於為dfs剪枝)用dfs進行模擬。。

啦啦啦啦啦啦,,,,,,,,,好厲害!!!!!!

@  https://uva.onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8&page=show_problem&problem=1059

弱雞代碼

 1 #include <string.h>
 2 #include <iostream>
 3
#include <stdio.h> 4 using namespace std; 5 int a[4][44], dp[44][44][44][44], num[4], n; 6 bool flag[44]; 7 int dfs(int count){ 8 if(dp[num[0]][num[1]][num[2]][num[3]] != -1) 9 return dp[num[0]][num[1]][num[2]][num[3]]; 10 if(count == 5) 11 return dp[num[0]][num[1
]][num[2]][num[3]] = 0; 12 int sum = 0; 13 for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){ 14 if(num[i] == n) continue; 15 int color = a[i][num[i]]; 16 num[i] += 1; 17 if(flag[color]){ 18 flag[color] = false; 19 sum = max(sum, dfs(count-1)+1); 20 flag[color] = true
; 21 } 22 else{ 23 flag[color] = true; 24 sum = max(sum, dfs(count+1)); 25 flag[color] = false; 26 } 27 num[i] -=1 ; 28 } 29 return dp[num[0]][num[1]][num[2]][num[3]] = sum; 30 } 31 int main(){ 32 while(scanf("%d", &n) && n){ 33 memset(dp, -1, sizeof(dp)); 34 memset(flag, false, sizeof(flag)); 35 memset(num, 0 ,sizeof(num)); 36 for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ 37 for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++){ 38 cin>>a[j][i]; 39 } 40 } 41 num[0] = num[1] = num[2] = num[3] = 0; 42 cout<<dfs(0)<<endl; 43 } 44 return 0; 45 }

@  http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1078

給定一個n*n的地圖,最多只能走k步並且保證下一個點的值大於原來的點,求可以得到的最大值

開始故意用純dfs試了下果然超時。。。。。

垃圾代碼:

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <stdio.h>
 3 #include <string.h>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 int a[105][105], dp[105][105], n, m;
 6 int dir[4][2] = {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 0};
 7 int dfs(int r, int c){
 8     int ma = 0;
 9     if(dp[r][c]<0){
10         for(int j = 1; j <= m; j++){
11             for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
12                 int rx = r + dir[i][0]*j;
13                 int cx = c + dir[i][1]*j;
14                 if(rx >=0 && rx < n && cx >= 0 && cx <n && a[rx][cx] > a[r][c]){
15                     ma = max(ma,dfs(rx, cx));
16                 }
17             }
18         }
19         dp[r][c] = ma + a[r][c];
20     }
21     return dp[r][c];
22 }
23 int main(){
24     while(scanf("%d %d", &n, &m)){
25         if(n == -1 && m == -1) break;
26         else{
27             for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
28                 for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
29                     scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
30                     dp[i][j] = -1;
31                 }
32             }
33             printf("%d\n", dfs(0, 0));
34         }
35     }
36     return 0;
37 }

@  玲瓏杯:::::::

http://www.ifrog.cc/acm/problem/1032

n個球放在m個盒子裏面,要求放最多球的盒子數唯一,(可以放零個球), 求最多的放法

明顯的記憶化搜索

垃圾代碼

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string.h>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 #define ll long long
 5 const ll mod = 998244353;
 6 ll dp[505][505], n, m, num = 0;
 7 ll dfs(ll he, ll qiu, ll ma){
 8     if(he == 0){
 9         if(qiu == 0) return 1;
10         else return 0;
11     }
12     if(dp[he][qiu]) return dp[he][qiu];
13     ll mam = 0;
14     for(int i = 0; i < ma && i <=qiu; i++){
15         mam += dfs(he-1, qiu-i, ma);
16         mam %= mod;
17     }
18     dp[he][qiu] = mam;
19     return mam;
20 }
21 int main(){
22     cin>>n>>m;
23     for(int i = n; i >=0; i--){
24         memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
25         num += dfs(m-1, n-i, i);
26         num %= mod;
27     }
28     cout<<num*m%mod<<endl;
29     return 0;
30 }

@  http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1978

啦啦啦啦啦, 1A的感覺真是太爽了!!!可能這就是堅持的理由,,經過拼搏換來的快樂才是最大的快樂!!!!

從(0, 0) 點到(n-1, m-1) 點一共有多少種走法(只可以向右向下走)

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 using namespace std;
 3 #define ll long long 
 4 const int mod = 10000;
 5 int a[105][105], dp[105][105], n, m, t;
 6 int dir[2][2] = {0, 1, 1, 0};
 7 int dfs(int r, int c, int sum){
 8     if(r == n-1 && c == m-1) return 1;
 9     ll cot = 0;
10     if(dp[r][c] < 0){
11         for(int i = 0; i <= sum; i++){
12             for(int j = 0; j <= sum - i; j++){
13                 if(i == 0 && j == 0) continue;
14                 int rx = r + i;
15                 int cx = c + j;
16                 if(rx >= 0 && rx < n && cx >= 0 && cx < m){
17                     cot += dfs(rx, cx, a[rx][cx]);
18                     cot %= mod;
19                 }
20             }
21         }
22         dp[r][c] = cot;
23     }
24     return dp[r][c];
25 }
26 int main(){
27     cin>>t;
28     while(t--){
29         cin>>n>>m;
30         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
31             for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
32                 cin>>a[i][j];
33                 dp[i][j] = -1;
34             }
35         }
36         cout<<dfs(0, 0, a[0][0])<<endl;
37     }
38     return 0;
39 }

-------------------------------------------

http://www.51nod.com/onlineJudge/questionCode.html#!problemId=1455

關鍵在於跳的次數不會很大

 1 #include "iostream"
 2 #include <string.h>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 const int maxn = 30009;
 6 int sum[maxn][777], num[maxn], n, d, num2[maxn];
 7 bool vis[maxn][777];
 8 
 9 int dd(int pos, int l) {
10     if(pos > 30000) return 0;
11     if(sum[pos][l] != -1) return sum[pos][l];
12     sum[pos][l] = num[pos];
13     int cnt = 0;
14     cnt = max(cnt, dd(pos+l+1-300+d, l+1));
15     cnt = max(cnt, dd(pos+l-300+d, l));
16     if(l+d-300 > 1) cnt = max(cnt, dd(pos+l-300-1+d, l-1));
17     sum[pos][l] += cnt;
18     return sum[pos][l];
19 }
20 
21 int main() {
22     int x;
23     scanf("%d%d", &n, &d);
24     for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
25         scanf("%d", &x);
26         num[x] ++;
27     }
28     memset(sum, -1, sizeof(sum));
29     printf("%d\n", dd(d, 300));
30     return 0;
31 }

只有不斷學習才能進步!

wenbao與記憶化搜索