新浪微博爬蟲
阿新 • • 發佈:2018-12-26
weibo.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy from scrapy.http import Request import json import re import random from weibo_users.items import WeiboUsersItem class WeiboSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'weibo' allowed_domains = ['m.weibo.cn'] start_urls = ['https://m.weibo.cn'] # 初始使用者 start_user = '2100773364' # 這個URL有使用者資訊也有發的微博,page可以用來獲取微博 # user_info_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=107603{user_id}&page={page}' # 使用者資訊 user_info_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=107603{user_id}' # 關注人列表 follows_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=231051_-_followers_-_{user_id}&page={page}' # 粉絲列表 fans_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=231051_-_fans_-_{user_id}&since_id={since_id}' def start_requests(self): """初始呼叫""" # 獲取初始使用者資訊 yield Request(self.user_info_url.format(user_id=self.start_user), callback=self.parse_user_info) # 獲取初始使用者關注列表 yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, page=1), callback=self.parse_follows) # 獲取初始使用者粉絲列表 yield Request(self.fans_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, since_id=1), callback=self.parse_fans) def parse_user_info(self, response): """獲取使用者資訊""" cards = json.loads(response.text).get('data').get('cards') #獲取cards標籤 if cards: result = cards[0].get('mblog').get('user') #定位到cards第0個標籤下的mblog標籤下的user標籤 if result: item = WeiboUsersItem() for field in item.fields: if field in result.keys(): item[field] = result.get(field) yield item # 對每個使用者再獲取他們的關注列表 yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user_id=item['id'], page=1), callback=self.parse_follows) # 對每個使用者再獲取他們的粉絲列表 yield Request(self.fans_url.format(user_id=item['id'], since_id=1), callback=self.parse_follows) def parse_follows(self, response): """獲取關注列表""" cards = json.loads(response.text).get('data').get('cards') if cards: # 判斷是否獲取完全部關注人 for card in cards: if card.get('title') and '全部關注' in card.get('title'): result = card.get('card_group') for item in result: # 呼叫parse_user_info()獲取使用者資訊 if item.get('user').get('id'): yield Request(self.user_info_url.format(user_id=item.get('user').get('id')), callback=self.parse_user_info) # 獲取下一頁關注的人 page = re.search('since_id=(\d+)', response.url) next_page = int(page.group(1)) + 1 if page else 2 yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, page=str(next_page)), callback=self.parse_follows) def parse_fans(self, response): """獲取粉絲列表""" cards = json.loads(response.text).get('data').get('cards') if cards: # 判斷是否獲取完全部粉絲 result = cards[0].get('card_group') for item in result: # 呼叫parse_user_info()獲取使用者資訊 yield Request(self.user_info_url.format(user_id=item.get('user').get('id')), callback=self.parse_user_info) # 獲取下一頁粉絲 since_id = re.search('since_id=(\d+)', response.url) next_since_id = int(since_id.group(1)) + 1 if since_id else 2 yield Request(self.fans_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, since_id=next_since_id), callback=self.parse_fans)
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html from scrapy import Item, Field class WeiboUsersItem(Item): id = Field() # 使用者ID screen_name = Field() # 使用者名稱 profile_image_url = Field() # 頭像地址 profile_url = Field() # 個人主頁,地址是包括fid等東西的,其實有ID就能構造個人主頁 follow_count = Field() # 關注數 followers_count = Field() # 粉絲數 gender = Field() # 性別 description = Field() # 簡介
main.py
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
import sys
import os
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
execute(["scrapy", "crawl", "weibo"])
middware.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your spider middleware # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html from scrapy import signals import random class WeiboUsersSpiderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the # passed objects. @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders. s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_spider_input(self, response, spider): # Called for each response that goes through the spider # middleware and into the spider. # Should return None or raise an exception. return None def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider): # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after # it has processed the response. # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects. for i in result: yield i def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider): # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception. # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict # or Item objects. pass def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider): # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except # that it doesn’t have a response associated. # Must return only requests (not items). for r in start_requests: yield r def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name) class WeiboUsersDownloaderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the # passed objects. @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders. s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_request(self, request, spider): # Called for each request that goes through the downloader # middleware. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this request # - or return a Response object # - or return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of # installed downloader middleware will be called return None def process_response(self, request, response, spider): # Called with the response returned from the downloader. # Must either; # - return a Response object # - return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest return response def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider): # Called when a download handler or a process_request() # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this exception # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain pass def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name) class RandomUserAgent(object): """根據預定義的列表隨機更換使用者代理""" def __init__(self, agents): self.agents = agents @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): return cls(crawler.settings.getlist('USER_AGENTS')) def process_request(self, request, spider): request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', random.choice(self.agents))
pipeline.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymongo
class MongoPipeline(object):
collection_name = 'scrapy_items'
def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):
self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri
self.mongo_db = mongo_db
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls(
mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'),
mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DATABASE')
)
def open_spider(self, spider):
#爬蟲一旦開啟,就會實現這個方法,連線到資料庫
self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)
self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]
def close_spider(self, spider):
# 爬蟲一旦關閉,就會實現這個方法,關閉資料庫連線
self.client.close()
def process_item(self, item, spider):
#每個實現儲存的類裡面必須都要有這個方法,且名字固定,用來具體實現怎麼儲存
# update()起到去重的效果
self.db['user'].update({'id': item['id']}, {'$set': item}, True)
return item
settings.py# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for weibo_users project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'weibo_users'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['weibo_users.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'weibo_users.spiders'
MONGO_URI = 'localhost'
MONGO_DATABASE = 'weibo'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
# DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36',
# }
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'weibo_users.middlewares.WeiboUsersSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# }
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'weibo_users.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 1,
}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# }
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'weibo_users.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
# AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
USER_AGENTS = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 "
"(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]