力扣 2020.08.22
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-08-22
679. 24點問題
今天這個題我們會經常遇到，即經典的24點問題。
題目
你有 4 張寫有 1 到 9 數字的牌。你需要判斷是否能通過 *，/，+，-，(，) 的運算得到 24。
示例 1:
輸入: [4, 1, 8, 7]
輸出: True
解釋: (8-4) * (7-1) = 24
示例 2:
輸入: [1, 2, 1, 2]
輸出: False
注意:
除法運算子 / 表示實數除法，而不是整數除法。例如 4 / (1 - 2/3) = 12 。
每個運算子對兩個數進行運算。特別是我們不能用 - 作為一元運算子。例如，[1, 1, 1, 1] 作為輸入時，表示式 -1 - 1 - 1 - 1 是不允許的。
你不能將數字連線在一起。例如，輸入為 [1, 2, 1, 2] 時，不能寫成 12 + 12 。
思路
這個題目的解法有很多種，筆者水平有限，僅能列出兩條：
- DFS遞迴。四個數取出任意兩個數之後，做加減乘除計算後將結果放回原陣列，並將新陣列作為引數傳給下一層去處理。最終判斷返回的結果是否為24。
- 超暴力思路。對給定陣列進行排序，並且將排序後的結果與把所有成立的陣列一一做對比，從而返回判斷值。若排序後的結果在所有成立的陣列，則返回True；否則返回False.
程式碼
DFS遞迴
class Solution: def judgePoint24(self, nums: List[int]) -> bool: if not nums: return False def helper(nums): if len(nums) == 1: return abs(nums[0]-24) < 1e-6 for i in range(len(nums)): for j in range(len(nums)): if i != j: newnums = [nums[k] for k in range(len(nums)) if i != k != j] if helper(newnums + [nums[i] + nums[j]]): return True if helper(newnums + [nums[i] - nums[j]]): return True if helper(newnums + [nums[i] * nums[j]]): return True if nums[j] != 0 and helper(newnums + [nums[i] / nums[j]]): return True return False return helper(nums)
超暴力思路
class Solution: def judgePoint24(self, nums: List[int]) -> bool: nums.sort() return nums in [[1, 1, 1, 8], [1, 1, 2, 6], [1, 1, 2, 7], [1, 1, 2, 8], [1, 1, 2, 9], [1, 1, 3, 4], [1, 1, 3, 5], [1, 1, 3, 6], [1, 1, 3, 7], [1, 1, 3, 8], [1, 1, 3, 9], [1, 1, 4, 4], [1, 1, 4, 5], [1, 1, 4, 6], [1, 1, 4, 7], [1, 1, 4, 8], [1, 1, 4, 9], [1, 1, 5, 5], [1, 1, 5, 6], [1, 1, 5, 7], [1, 1, 5, 8], [1, 1, 6, 6], [1, 1, 6, 8], [1, 1, 6, 9], [1, 1, 8, 8], [1, 2, 2, 4], [1, 2, 2, 5], [1, 2, 2, 6], [1, 2, 2, 7], [1, 2, 2, 8], [1, 2, 2, 9], [1, 2, 3, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3, 7], [1, 2, 3, 8], [1, 2, 3, 9], [1, 2, 4, 4], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 4, 6], [1, 2, 4, 7], [1, 2, 4, 8], [1, 2, 4, 9], [1, 2, 5, 5], [1, 2, 5, 6], [1, 2, 5, 7], [1, 2, 5, 8], [1, 2, 5, 9], [1, 2, 6, 6], [1, 2, 6, 7], [1, 2, 6, 8], [1, 2, 6, 9], [1, 2, 7, 7], [1, 2, 7, 8], [1, 2, 7, 9], [1, 2, 8, 8], [1, 2, 8, 9], [1, 3, 3, 3], [1, 3, 3, 4], [1, 3, 3, 5], [1, 3, 3, 6], [1, 3, 3, 7], [1, 3, 3, 8], [1, 3, 3, 9], [1, 3, 4, 4], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4, 7], [1, 3, 4, 8], [1, 3, 4, 9], [1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 7], [1, 3, 5, 8], [1, 3, 5, 9], [1, 3, 6, 6], [1, 3, 6, 7], [1, 3, 6, 8], [1, 3, 6, 9], [1, 3, 7, 7], [1, 3, 7, 8], [1, 3, 7, 9], [1, 3, 8, 8], [1, 3, 8, 9], [1, 3, 9, 9], [1, 4, 4, 4], [1, 4, 4, 5], [1, 4, 4, 6], [1, 4, 4, 7], [1, 4, 4, 8], [1, 4, 4, 9], [1, 4, 5, 5], [1, 4, 5, 6], [1, 4, 5, 7], [1, 4, 5, 8], [1, 4, 5, 9], [1, 4, 6, 6], [1, 4, 6, 7], [1, 4, 6, 8], [1, 4, 6, 9], [1, 4, 7, 7], [1, 4, 7, 8], [1, 4, 7, 9], [1, 4, 8, 8], [1, 4, 8, 9], [1, 5, 5, 5], [1, 5, 5, 6], [1, 5, 5, 9], [1, 5, 6, 6], [1, 5, 6, 7], [1, 5, 6, 8], [1, 5, 6, 9], [1, 5, 7, 8], [1, 5, 7, 9], [1, 5, 8, 8], [1, 5, 8, 9], [1, 5, 9, 9], [1, 6, 6, 6], [1, 6, 6, 8], [1, 6, 6, 9], [1, 6, 7, 9], [1, 6, 8, 8], [1, 6, 8, 9], [1, 6, 9, 9], [1, 7, 7, 9], [1, 7, 8, 8], [1, 7, 8, 9], [1, 7, 9, 9], [1, 8, 8, 8], [1, 8, 8, 9], [2, 2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 2, 4], [2, 2, 2, 5], [2, 2, 2, 7], [2, 2, 2, 8], [2, 2, 2, 9], [2, 2, 3, 3], [2, 2, 3, 4], [2, 2, 3, 5], [2, 2, 3, 6], [2, 2, 3, 7], [2, 2, 3, 8], [2, 2, 3, 9], [2, 2, 4, 4], [2, 2, 4, 5], [2, 2, 4, 6], [2, 2, 4, 7], [2, 2, 4, 8], [2, 2, 4, 9], [2, 2, 5, 5], [2, 2, 5, 6], [2, 2, 5, 7], [2, 2, 5, 8], [2, 2, 5, 9], [2, 2, 6, 6], [2, 2, 6, 7], [2, 2, 6, 8], [2, 2, 6, 9], [2, 2, 7, 7], [2, 2, 7, 8], [2, 2, 8, 8], [2, 2, 8, 9], [2, 3, 3, 3], [2, 3, 3, 5], [2, 3, 3, 6], [2, 3, 3, 7], [2, 3, 3, 8], [2, 3, 3, 9], [2, 3, 4, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 6], [2, 3, 4, 7], [2, 3, 4, 8], [2, 3, 4, 9], [2, 3, 5, 5], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5, 7], [2, 3, 5, 8], [2, 3, 5, 9], [2, 3, 6, 6], [2, 3, 6, 7], [2, 3, 6, 8], [2, 3, 6, 9], [2, 3, 7, 7], [2, 3, 7, 8], [2, 3, 7, 9], [2, 3, 8, 8], [2, 3, 8, 9], [2, 3, 9, 9], [2, 4, 4, 4], [2, 4, 4, 5], [2, 4, 4, 6], [2, 4, 4, 7], [2, 4, 4, 8], [2, 4, 4, 9], [2, 4, 5, 5], [2, 4, 5, 6], [2, 4, 5, 7], [2, 4, 5, 8], [2, 4, 5, 9], [2, 4, 6, 6], [2, 4, 6, 7], [2, 4, 6, 8], [2, 4, 6, 9], [2, 4, 7, 7], [2, 4, 7, 8], [2, 4, 7, 9], [2, 4, 8, 8], [2, 4, 8, 9], [2, 4, 9, 9], [2, 5, 5, 7], [2, 5, 5, 8], [2, 5, 5, 9], [2, 5, 6, 6], [2, 5, 6, 7], [2, 5, 6, 8], [2, 5, 6, 9], [2, 5, 7, 7], [2, 5, 7, 8], [2, 5, 7, 9], [2, 5, 8, 8], [2, 5, 8, 9], [2, 6, 6, 6], [2, 6, 6, 7], [2, 6, 6, 8], [2, 6, 6, 9], [2, 6, 7, 8], [2, 6, 7, 9], [2, 6, 8, 8], [2, 6, 8, 9], [2, 6, 9, 9], [2, 7, 7, 8], [2, 7, 8, 8], [2, 7, 8, 9], [2, 8, 8, 8], [2, 8, 8, 9], [2, 8, 9, 9], [3, 3, 3, 3], [3, 3, 3, 4], [3, 3, 3, 5], [3, 3, 3, 6], [3, 3, 3, 7], [3, 3, 3, 8], [3, 3, 3, 9], [3, 3, 4, 4], [3, 3, 4, 5], [3, 3, 4, 6], [3, 3, 4, 7], [3, 3, 4, 8], [3, 3, 4, 9], [3, 3, 5, 5], [3, 3, 5, 6], [3, 3, 5, 7], [3, 3, 5, 9], [3, 3, 6, 6], [3, 3, 6, 7], [3, 3, 6, 8], [3, 3, 6, 9], [3, 3, 7, 7], [3, 3, 7, 8], [3, 3, 7, 9], [3, 3, 8, 8], [3, 3, 8, 9], [3, 3, 9, 9], [3, 4, 4, 4], [3, 4, 4, 5], [3, 4, 4, 6], [3, 4, 4, 7], [3, 4, 4, 8], [3, 4, 4, 9], [3, 4, 5, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6], [3, 4, 5, 7], [3, 4, 5, 8], [3, 4, 5, 9], [3, 4, 6, 6], [3, 4, 6, 8], [3, 4, 6, 9], [3, 4, 7, 7], [3, 4, 7, 8], [3, 4, 7, 9], [3, 4, 8, 9], [3, 4, 9, 9], [3, 5, 5, 6], [3, 5, 5, 7], [3, 5, 5, 8], [3, 5, 5, 9], [3, 5, 6, 6], [3, 5, 6, 7], [3, 5, 6, 8], [3, 5, 6, 9], [3, 5, 7, 8], [3, 5, 7, 9], [3, 5, 8, 8], [3, 5, 8, 9], [3, 5, 9, 9], [3, 6, 6, 6], [3, 6, 6, 7], [3, 6, 6, 8], [3, 6, 6, 9], [3, 6, 7, 7], [3, 6, 7, 8], [3, 6, 7, 9], [3, 6, 8, 8], [3, 6, 8, 9], [3, 6, 9, 9], [3, 7, 7, 7], [3, 7, 7, 8], [3, 7, 7, 9], [3, 7, 8, 8], [3, 7, 8, 9], [3, 7, 9, 9], [3, 8, 8, 8], [3, 8, 8, 9], [3, 8, 9, 9], [3, 9, 9, 9], [4, 4, 4, 4], [4, 4, 4, 5], [4, 4, 4, 6], [4, 4, 4, 7], [4, 4, 4, 8], [4, 4, 4, 9], [4, 4, 5, 5], [4, 4, 5, 6], [4, 4, 5, 7], [4, 4, 5, 8], [4, 4, 6, 8], [4, 4, 6, 9], [4, 4, 7, 7], [4, 4, 7, 8], [4, 4, 7, 9], [4, 4, 8, 8], [4, 4, 8, 9], [4, 5, 5, 5], [4, 5, 5, 6], [4, 5, 5, 7], [4, 5, 5, 8], [4, 5, 5, 9], [4, 5, 6, 6], [4, 5, 6, 7], [4, 5, 6, 8], [4, 5, 6, 9], [4, 5, 7, 7], [4, 5, 7, 8], [4, 5, 7, 9], [4, 5, 8, 8], [4, 5, 8, 9], [4, 5, 9, 9], [4, 6, 6, 6], [4, 6, 6, 7], [4, 6, 6, 8], [4, 6, 6, 9], [4, 6, 7, 7], [4, 6, 7, 8], [4, 6, 7, 9], [4, 6, 8, 8], [4, 6, 8, 9], [4, 6, 9, 9], [4, 7, 7, 7], [4, 7, 7, 8], [4, 7, 8, 8], [4, 7, 8, 9], [4, 7, 9, 9], [4, 8, 8, 8], [4, 8, 8, 9], [4, 8, 9, 9], [5, 5, 5, 5], [5, 5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 5, 9], [5, 5, 6, 6], [5, 5, 6, 7], [5, 5, 6, 8], [5, 5, 7, 7], [5, 5, 7, 8], [5, 5, 8, 8], [5, 5, 8, 9], [5, 5, 9, 9], [5, 6, 6, 6], [5, 6, 6, 7], [5, 6, 6, 8], [5, 6, 6, 9], [5, 6, 7, 7], [5, 6, 7, 8], [5, 6, 7, 9], [5, 6, 8, 8], [5, 6, 8, 9], [5, 6, 9, 9], [5, 7, 7, 9], [5, 7, 8, 8], [5, 7, 8, 9], [5, 8, 8, 8], [5, 8, 8, 9], [6, 6, 6, 6], [6, 6, 6, 8], [6, 6, 6, 9], [6, 6, 7, 9], [6, 6, 8, 8], [6, 6, 8, 9], [6, 7, 8, 9], [6, 7, 9, 9], [6, 8, 8, 8], [6, 8, 8, 9], [6, 8, 9, 9], [7, 8, 8, 9]]
複雜度比較
DFS遞迴：
時間複雜度：O(n^3)
空間複雜度：O(n^4)
超暴力思路
時間複雜度：O(nlogn)，其實就是sort()函式的時間複雜度。
空間複雜度：O(n^4)