今天我們用python和python的工具包pygame來編寫一個貪吃蛇的小遊戲

貪吃蛇遊戲功能介紹

貪吃蛇的遊戲規則如下：

通過上下左右鍵或者WASD鍵來移動蛇來，讓它吃到食物，每吃到食物，蛇的長度變長，並獲得分數。若蛇碰到遊戲邊際

或者自身，則蛇死亡，遊戲結束。

遊戲設計思路

根據遊戲規則，我們需要：

1.初始化遊戲環境。

2.初始化蛇、食物

3.監聽鍵盤動作

4.蛇的運動，吃食物，是否死亡

5.該局遊戲結束，是否還有再玩。

其中的難點在於如何在螢幕上展示蛇的運動，其實我們肉眼所見的蛇的運動並不是真實的，而是在後臺通過重新整理蛇的座標而實現的。即可以建立一個蛇的座標列表，每移動一次，則新的座標加入，同時刪除末尾座標，看起來像是蛇的在移動。

一個簡單地設計框圖如下：

程式碼實現

'''
my_snake.py
@author HelloWorld!
@time:2019.10.27

'''

import random
import pygame
import sys
from pygame.locals import *

windows_width=800 #遊戲視窗的大小，原點在左上角
windows_height=600

cell_size=20  #snake 的大小，需被視窗長寬整除

#一些顏色定義
white = (255,255,255)
black = (0,0)
gray = (230,230,230)
dark_gray = (40,40,40)
DARKGreen = (0,155,0)
Green = (0,0)
Red = (255,0)
blue = (0,255)
dark_blue =(0,139)

BG_COLOR = (184,224,217)

#貪吃蛇的地圖尺寸
map_width = int(windows_width / cell_size)
map_height = int(windows_height / cell_size)

#蛇的移動速度
snake_speed=5

#方向定義
UP = 1
DOWN = 2
LEFT = 3
RIGHT = 4

#主函式
def main_game():
  pygame.init() #初始化gygame
  screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width,windows_height))
  pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇遊戲")
  snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 建立Pygame時鐘物件
  screen.fill(white)

  while True:
    run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock) #遊戲主體
    gameover(screen)        #遊戲結束


def run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock):
  #初始化蛇的位置，方向，食物的位置
  start_x=random.randint(3,map_width-8)
  start_y=random.randint(3,map_width-8)
  snake_coords=[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表
  direction = RIGHT
  food=get_random_location()

  #迴圈
  while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get(): #鍵盤事件監聽
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按鍵事件
        if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and direction!=RIGHT:
          direction=LEFT
        elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and direction!=LEFT:
          direction=RIGHT
        elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN:
          direction = UP
        elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP:
          direction = DOWN
        elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit()

    snake_move(direction,snake_coords) #根據方向，移動蛇

    alive=snake_is_alive(snake_coords)  #判斷蛇的死活
    if not alive:            #如果掛了，則終止迴圈，跳出run_game函式，執行gameover
      break
    snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food)  #沒掛，則看看遲到食物了嗎
    screen.fill(BG_COLOR)        #遊戲背景重新整理

    #下面draw，是把蛇食物等畫出來
    draw_snake(screen,snake_coords)
    draw_food(screen,food)
    draw_score(screen,len(snake_coords) - 3)
    # draw_grid(screen)
    pygame.display.flip()

    #控制執行次數
    snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed) # 控制fps


#根據移動方向，更新蛇頭座標
def snake_move(directtion,snake_coords):
  if directtion==UP:
    newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':snake_coords[0]['y']-1}
  elif directtion==DOWN:
    newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x'],'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1}
  elif directtion==LEFT:
    newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']-1,'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] }
  elif directtion == RIGHT:
    newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']+1,'y': snake_coords[0]['y']}
  snake_coords.insert(0,newHead)

def snake_is_alive(snake_coords): #碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了
  alive=True
  if snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or snake_coords[0]['x'] == map_width or snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or \
  snake_coords[0]['y'] == map_height:
    alive=False
  for snake_body in snake_coords[1:]:
    if snake_coords[0]['x']==snake_body['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==snake_body['y']:
      alive=False
  return alive

#座標重合，表示吃到食物了，否則就沒有，則移動，把
def snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food):
  if snake_coords[0]['x']==food['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==food['y']:
    food['x']=random.randint(0,map_width-1)
    food['y']=random.randint(0,map_height-1)
  else:
    del snake_coords[-1]

def get_random_location(): #食物的座標隨機生成
  return {'x':random.randint(0,map_width-1),'y':random.randint(0,map_height-1)}

def draw_snake(screen,snake_coords):
  for coord in snake_coords:
    x=coord['x']*cell_size
    y=coord['y']*cell_size
    segmentRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen,dark_blue,segmentRect)

def draw_food(screen,food):
  x=food['x']*cell_size
  y=food['y']*cell_size

  foodRect=pygame.Rect(x,cell_size)
  pygame.draw.rect(screen,Red,foodRect)

def draw_grid(screen):
  for x in range(0,windows_width,cell_size):
    pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(x,0),windows_height))
  for y in range(0,windows_height,(0,y),(windows_width,y))
def draw_score(screen,score):
  font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
  score_str = "{:,}".format(score)
  score_image=font.render('Score: '+score_str,True,Green,gray)
  score_rect=score_image.get_rect()

  score_rect.topleft=(windows_width-200,10)
  screen.blit(score_image,score_rect)

def gameover(screen):
  font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
  tips=font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue',(65,105,225))
  screen.blit(tips,(80,300))
  pygame.display.update()
  while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type==QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
      elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
        if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 終止程式
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit() # 終止程式
        else:
          return # 結束此函式,重新開始遊戲

if __name__=='__main__':
  main_game()

功能抽象及多彩化設計

上面的實現中，我們採用的面向過程的實現方法，沒有抽象，如果要設計更大的遊戲則是不行的。我們可以採用抽象的方法，讓實現更加條理化，同時邏輯更清晰。

同時，如果讓食物的顏色不同，同時蛇吃到什麼顏色的食物，那麼它身體的一部分就變成相應的顏色，那麼最終蛇會變成一條多彩蛇，想必很有意思。

下面我們結合上述兩點來實現新的功能。程式碼如下：

'''
@colorful_snake.py
@author HelloWorld!
@time:2019.10.27
@ class is used to design a snake game
'''
import random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import sys
class Settings():
  def __init__(self):
    self.windows_width=800 #遊戲視窗的大小，原點在左上角
    self.windows_height=600
    self.BG_COLOR = (184,217)
    self.cell_size=20  #snake 的大小，需被視窗長寬整除
    self.map_width = int(self.windows_width / self.cell_size)
    self.map_height = int(self.windows_height / self.cell_size)
    self.Green = (0,0)
    self.Red = (255,0)
    self.Blue = (0,255)
    self.orange=(255,128,0)
    self.purple=(128,255)
    self.black = (0,0)
    self.white = (255,255)
    self.dark_blue = (0,139)
    self.gray = (230,230)
    #方向
    self.UP = 1
    self.DOWN = 2
    self.LEFT = 3
    self.RIGHT = 4
class Snake():
  def __init__(self,settings):
    self.cell_size=settings.cell_size
    self.snake_coords=[]
    self.direction=settings.RIGHT
    self.snake_speed=5
    self.initialize_snake(settings)
  def initialize_snake(self,settings):
    # [{'x':start_x,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表
    start_x = random.randint(3,settings.map_width - 8)
    start_y = random.randint(3,settings.map_width - 8)
    snake_coords = [{'x': start_x,'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue},{'x': start_x - 1,{'x': start_x - 2,'color':settings.dark_blue}] # 初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表
    self.snake_coords=snake_coords
  def snake_move(self,settings):
    if self.direction == settings.UP:
      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'],'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] - 1,'color':settings.dark_blue}
    elif self.direction == settings.DOWN:
      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'],'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1,'color':settings.dark_blue}
    elif self.direction == settings.LEFT:
      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] - 1,'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue}
    elif self.direction == settings.RIGHT:
      newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] + 1,'color':settings.dark_blue}
    self.snake_coords.insert(0,newHead)
  def snake_is_alive(self,settings):# 碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了
    alive = True
    if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == settings.map_width or self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or \
        self.snake_coords[0]['y'] ==settings.map_height:
      alive = False
    for snake_body in self.snake_coords[1:]:
      if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == snake_body['x'] and self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == snake_body['y']:
        alive = False
    return alive
class Food():
  def __init__(self,settings):
    self.cell_size=settings.cell_size
    self.color=self.initialize_food(settings)
    self.x= random.randint(0,settings.map_width - 1)
    self.y= random.randint(0,settings.map_height - 1)
  def initialize_food(self,settings):
    colors=[settings.Green,settings.Red,settings.Blue,settings.orange,settings.purple,settings.black]
    color=random.choice(colors)
    return color
class GameFunction():
  def __init__(self,screen):
    self.screen=screen
  def check_event(self,snake,settings):
    for event in pygame.event.get(): #鍵盤事件監聽
      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        pygame.quit()
        sys.exit()
      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按鍵事件
        if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and snake.direction!=settings.RIGHT:
          snake.direction=settings.LEFT
        elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and snake.direction!=settings.LEFT:
          snake.direction=settings.RIGHT
        elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and snake.direction != settings.DOWN:
          snake.direction = settings.UP
        elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and snake.direction != settings.UP:
          snake.direction = settings.DOWN
        elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit()
  def snake_eat_foods(self,food,settings):
    if snake.snake_coords[0]['x'] == food.x and snake.snake_coords[0]['y'] == food.y:
      snake.snake_coords[0]['color'] = food.color
      food.x = random.randint(0,settings.map_width - 1)
      food.y = random.randint(0,settings.map_height - 1)
      food.color=food.initialize_food(settings)
    else:
      for i in range(len(snake.snake_coords)-1):
        snake.snake_coords[i]['color']=snake.snake_coords[i+1]['color']
      del snake.snake_coords[-1]
  def update(self,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock):
    screen.fill(settings.BG_COLOR) # 遊戲背景重新整理
    # 下面draw，是把蛇食物等畫出來
    self.draw_snake(screen,snake)
    self.draw_food(screen,food)
    self.draw_score(screen,settings)
    self.draw_grid(screen,settings)
    pygame.display.flip()
    # 控制執行次數
    snake_speed_clock.tick(snake.snake_speed) # 控制fps
  def draw_snake(self,snake):
    for coord in snake.snake_coords:
      x = coord['x'] * snake.cell_size
      y = coord['y'] * snake.cell_size
      segmentRect = pygame.Rect(x,snake.cell_size,snake.cell_size)
      pygame.draw.rect(screen,coord['color'],segmentRect)
  def draw_food(self,food):
    x = food.x* food.cell_size
    y = food.y * food.cell_size
    foodRect = pygame.Rect(x,food.cell_size,food.cell_size)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen,food.color,foodRect)
  def draw_grid(self,settings):
    for x in range(0,settings.windows_width,settings.cell_size):
      pygame.draw.line(screen,settings.gray,settings.windows_height))
    for y in range(0,settings.windows_height,(settings.windows_width,y))
  def draw_score(self,settings):
    score=len(snake.snake_coords)-3
    font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
    score_str = "{:,}".format(score)
    score_image = font.render('Score: ' + score_str,settings.Green,settings.gray)
    score_rect = score_image.get_rect()
    score_rect.topleft = (settings.windows_width - 200,10)
    screen.blit(score_image,score_rect)
  def gameover(self,screen):
    font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,40)
    tips = font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue',225))
    screen.blit(tips,300))
    pygame.display.update()
    while True:
      for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit()
        elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
          if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 終止程式
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit() # 終止程式
          else:
            return # 結束此函式,重新開始遊戲
#主函式
def main_game():
  pygame.init() #初始化gygame
  settings=Settings()
  screen=pygame.display.set_mode((settings.windows_width,settings.windows_height))
  pygame.display.set_caption("貪吃蛇遊戲")
  snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 建立Pygame時鐘物件
  screen.fill(settings.white)
  gf=GameFunction(screen)
  while True:
    snake = Snake(settings)
    food = Food(settings)
    while True:
      gf.check_event(snake,settings)
      snake.snake_move(settings)
      alive = snake.snake_is_alive(settings) # 判斷蛇的死活
      if not alive: # 如果掛了，則終止迴圈，跳出run_game函式，執行gameover
        break
      gf.snake_eat_foods(snake,settings)
      gf.update(snake,snake_speed_clock)
    gf.gameover(screen)        #遊戲結束
if __name__=='__main__':
  main_game()

程式效果如下：

總結

1、通過上述的程式碼，功能基本實現

2、多彩版的蛇的色彩太鮮豔，看起來太難受了

3、多彩版的在執行中存在不穩定情況，具體原因還沒檢視，請大家幫忙指出程式碼中的問題。

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的python 使用pygame工具包實現貪吃蛇遊戲,希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回覆大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對我們網站的支援！
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