meaning of translation

from translation all science has its offspring ! --Giordano Bruno(16th century)

from translation all branches of learning developed !

research of academic research in one language are made available to researchers of other languages through translation who may advance the study! without translation, researcher may not benefit from the work of their fellow researchers and get inspirations from them.

what is translation

1. different type of translations:
   • literary translation and nonfiction translation;
2. from different perspective
   • from perspective of linguistic(語言) or that of art;
3. different understanding of the process of translation
   • whether it involves the language code only or culture as well, or artistic re_creation(藝術在創作);

英語翻譯