寫在前面

Hi，我是新海，一個正在備戰的考研人。
最近需要進行大量的考研專項閱讀，於是萌生了一個翻譯計劃，準備翻譯1986——2018年所有閱讀，通過大量的閱讀訓練來熟悉考研單詞，短語以及語法，更深刻理解考研閱讀。

下面是我的第20篇，所有中文釋義，均是由本人整理翻譯，當然也有不夠完善的地方，歡迎大家評論補充。

The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.
青春期，從兒童期到成年期，可能長或短，這取決於社會期望和社會對成熟和成年期的定義。
In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life.
在原始社會中，青春期通常是相對短的一段時間，而在具有長期教育模式和禁止童工法律的工業社會中，青春期要長得多，並且可能包括人生第二個十年的大部分。
Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change.
此外，隨著社會和經濟條件的變化，在給定社會中，青春期的長度和成年狀態的定義可能會改變。
Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
這種變化的例子是19世紀後期美國邊界的消失，更普遍的是農業社會的工業化。

重點詞彙

• as to 至於
• period of adolescence青春期
• may be也許，可能
• depending on依據，根據
• short period短期
• coupled with加上，外加
• child labor童工
• most of大多數
• conditions change條件變化
• part of部分
• United States美國; 合眾國
  n modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies.
  在現代社會中，青少年的儀式已經失去了其正式的認可和象徵意義，對於什麼構成了啟蒙儀式，人們不再達成一致。
  Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status.
  社會性的已經由一系列步驟所代替，而這些步驟將導致更多的認可和社會地位。
  For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual.
  例如，小學畢業、高中畢業和大學畢業構成了這樣一個序列，雖然每個步驟都暗示著一定的行為變化和社會認可，但是每個步驟的意義取決於個人的社會經濟地位和教育抱負。
  Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted.
  對於青少年的儀式也已經由對身份角色、權利、特權和責任的法律定義所取代。在從十二歲生日到二十一歲的九年中，兒童和未成年人地位的保護和限制性方面被取消，成年人的特權和責任被授予。
  The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets.
  這名12歲的兒童不再被視為兒童，必須支付火車、飛機、劇院和電影票的全部費用。
  Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights.
  基本上，這個年齡段的人失去了童年的特權，卻沒有獲得明顯的成人權利。
  At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices.
  16歲時，青少年被授予某些成人權利，這通過為他提供更多的自由和選擇來提高他的社會地位。
  He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws.
  他現在可以獲得駕駛執照，可以離開公立學校，可以不受童工法的限制工作。
  At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission.
  18歲時，法律規定了成年人的責任和權利；年輕人現在可以當兵，但是也可以不經父母許可結婚。
  At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office.
  在二十一歲的時候，個人獲得成年人的法定權利。他現在可以投票，可以買酒，可以簽訂金融合同，他有權競選公職。
  No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained.
  在獲得多數地位後，沒有獲得任何額外的基本權利作為年齡的函式。
  None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
  這些法律規定都不能確定成年達到什麼程度，但它們確實指出了青春期的延長。
• modern society現代社會
• formal recognition形式識別
• no longer不再，已不
• as to至於; 關於; 按著; 根據
• have been已經
• lead to導致; 把…帶到; 領到; 通向
• social status社會地位; 身價
• For example例如， 譬如; 拿 … 來說
• grade school<美>小學，初等學校
• high school<美>中學; <英>大學預科

寫在最後

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作者：新海
12月6日晚